Chapter 14 Transactional Analysis © 2011 Brooks/Cole, A Transactional analysis We not grow absolutely, chronologically We grow sometimes in one dimension, and not in another, unevenly We grow partially We are relative We are mature in one realm, childish in another The past, present, and future mingle and pull us backward, forward, or fix us in the present We are made up of layers, cells, constellations Anaïs Nin © 2011 Brooks/Cole, A Chapter Objectives After reading this chapter, you should be able to:       •Outline the development of transactional analysis and Eric Berne •Explain the theory of transactional analysis   •Discuss the counseling relationship and goals in transactional analysis •Describe assessment, process, and techniques •Demonstrate some therapeutic techniques •Clarify the effectiveness of transactional analysis © 2011 Brooks/Cole, A Eric Berne(stein) • Born May 10, 1910 in Montreal, Canada • Graduated from McGill University 1935 with medical degree • Became U.S citizen and served in armed forces • 1964 published Games People Play • He attributed the book’s success to the recognition factor © 2011 Brooks/Cole, A TA Development • Core of transactional analysis (TA) in 1954 • Berne was involved in the psychoanalysis when the patient suddenly said, “I’m not a lawyer, I’m just a little boy,” • Sparked the idea that each of us contains a child ego state accompanied by parent and adult ego states • After listening to his patients relating “games” for some 30 years, Berne decided to gather some of these into a catalog • Led to Games People Play (1964) © 2011 Brooks/Cole, A TA Development • Three years after its publication, Games People Play (1964) had been on the nonfiction best seller list for 111 weeks—longer than any other book that decade • Berne attributed the book’s success to the recognition factor— o some of us recognize ourselves in it, o whereas some of us recognize other people in the descriptions of winners and losers • The everyday language and categories he used came from his preferences © 2011 Brooks/Cole, A The Nature of People and The Theory of Counseling • TA theory is a statement about human personality • Derives from four types of analysis Structural Analysis Analyze a person’s personality Transactional Analysis What people and say to each other Script Analysis The life dramas people play out Game Analysis Ulterior transactions leading to payoff © 2011 Brooks/Cole, A Structural Analysis • Each person has three ego states Parent (nurturing or critical) Mimics our own parents Adult (rational thinking) Reality based Child (natural or adaptive ) Free, spontaneous passive • The well adjusted person can choose which one is active © 2011 Brooks/Cole, A The Picture Nurturing Parent “Let me help you” Extends hand Critical Parent NP P CP “You shouldn’t” Pointing finger Adult “The facts are” Attentive A Free Child “I want” Excited FC C AC © 2011 Brooks/Cole, A Adaptive Child “I did my job” Expectant Transactional Analysis • A transaction is a unit of human communication Complementary Crossed Covert Response comes from the ego state to which it was addressed Response comes from an ego state not addressed More than one ego state of each person involved dishonest © 2011 Brooks/Cole, A Transaction Types P P A A C C P A P C C P P A A C A Where are the keys? In the drawer Where are the keys? Why is it always my fault? You should go to college You’re not smart enough C © 2011 Brooks/Cole, A Script Analysis • Your life script – usually learned from your parents child o Examples: martyr, procrastinator, success, failure, blamer, distracter • Three basic types: winner, loser, non-winner • Five Components o o o o o Directions from parents Corresponding personality development Confirming childhood decision on life Penchant for success or failure Pattern of behavior © 2011 Brooks/Cole, A Game Analysis • There are three basic roles o o o Persecutor Rescuer Victim • People turn their life scripts into games • Games are a pattern of ulterior transactions • Their purpose is to maintain homeostasis • Counseling goal is to move to complimentary transactions, not games © 2011 Brooks/Cole, A Life Positions YOU I OK NOT OK OK NOT OK Mature independence Battered child, criminal Normal child, dependent © 2011 Brooks/Cole, A As a child couldn’t depend on parents Games Clients Play Why don’t you; yes but Most common client game I’m only trying to help Counselor’s response to above Courtroom Counselor roped into being judge of two people Kick me and NIGYYSOB Always the victim Double Bind Gossiping Talking about someone who isn’t there Wooden leg Try to get counselor to give up on you If it weren’t for you Avoids responsibility Red cross Persecutor gets victim in trouble then rescues Make someone sad Get attention by making other jealous © 2011 Brooks/Cole, A The Pursuit of Strokes Conditional Unconditional Positive I like you when _ I like you Negative I don’t like you when _ I don’t like you • Structuring time in pursuit of strokes o o o o o o Withdrawing: avoid any strokes Rituals: socially determined – safe Pastimes: baseball shopping – minimal Activities: career – reality – more interaction Games: stroking is manipulated Intimacy: unconditional positive – game free • Rackets o Collect bad stamps to be cashed in later for free bad behavior © 2011 Brooks/Cole, A Counseling method • The counselor as teacher o Teach the concepts of TA and guide the client in how to apply them • Teach Definition and explanation of ego states Analysis of transactions between ego states Positive and negative stroking (“warm fuzzies” and “cold pricklies”) o I’m OK you’re OK as a goal o Games and rackets o Scripts o o o © 2011 Brooks/Cole, A Cross Cultural Applications • Eric Berne believed everyone worked in these three ego states • Appeals to groups or cultures that prefer a cognitive approach • The same approach is used regardless of culture or age of client © 2011 Brooks/Cole, A [...]... for free bad behavior © 2011 Brooks/Cole, A Counseling method • The counselor as teacher o Teach the concepts of TA and guide the client in how to apply them • Teach Definition and explanation of ego states Analysis of transactions between ego states Positive and negative stroking (“warm fuzzies” and “cold pricklies”) o I’m OK you’re OK as a goal o Games and rackets o Scripts o o o © 2011 Brooks/Cole,... Games are a pattern of ulterior transactions • Their purpose is to maintain homeostasis • Counseling goal is to move to complimentary transactions, not games © 2011 Brooks/Cole, A Life Positions YOU I OK NOT OK OK NOT OK Mature independence Battered child, criminal Normal child, dependent © 2011 Brooks/Cole, A As a child couldn’t depend on parents Games Clients Play Why don’t you; yes but Most common... 2011 Brooks/Cole, A Script Analysis • Your life script – usually learned from your parents child o Examples: martyr, procrastinator, success, failure, blamer, distracter • Three basic types: winner, loser, non-winner • Five Components o o o o o Directions from parents Corresponding personality development Confirming childhood decision on life Penchant for success or failure Pattern of behavior © 2011 Brooks/Cole,... depend on parents Games Clients Play Why don’t you; yes but Most common client game I’m only trying to help Counselor’s response to above Courtroom Counselor roped into being judge of two people Kick me and NIGYYSOB Always the victim Double Bind Gossiping Talking about someone who isn’t there Wooden leg Try to get counselor to give up on you If it weren’t for you Avoids responsibility Red cross Persecutor ... sometimes in one dimension, and not in another, unevenly We grow partially We are relative We are mature in one realm, childish in another The past, present, and future mingle and pull us backward,... descriptions of winners and losers • The everyday language and categories he used came from his preferences © 2011 Brooks/Cole, A The Nature of People and The Theory of Counseling • TA theory... the theory of transactional analysis   •Discuss the counseling relationship and goals in transactional analysis •Describe assessment, process, and techniques •Demonstrate some therapeutic techniques