Seed: Seed Coat Embryo Storage Tissue (Endosperm) Seed Hormones CK-CytoKinin cell division GA-Gibberellic Acid cell expansion AbA-Abscisic Acid dormancy http://www.kyne.com.au/~mark/photos/flowers/cherry_blossum.jpg Fruit Origins: Simple Fruit Aggregate Fruit Multiple Fruit http://www.hort.purdue.edu/ext/senior/fruits/images/large/strawberryflower.jpg http://www.jdandersen.com/Resource-231/fruit.jpg achenes http://www.life.uiuc.edu/plantbio/digitalflowers/picts/Mor aceae/09-%20Morus%20alba%20fruits.jpg http://www.preschooleducation.com/postcard/pic/strawberry%202.gif Fruit Composition Superior Ovary Hypogynous Flower True Fruit Only Half-Superior Ovary Perigynous Flower True + Accessory Fruit Inferior Ovary Epigynous Flower True + Accessory Fruit Fruit Description: Fleshy Fruits Drupe: with pit http://arnica.csustan.edu/key/DRUPE.JPG Example: peach Berry: with seeds http://arnica.csustan.edu/key/TOMATO.JPG Example: tomato Pome: with core http://arnica.csustan.edu/key/POME.JPG Example: apple The Cherry flower is: completeperfect hypogynous The cherry fruit is a drupe with a both fleshy and pit wall layers Coffee fruits mature unevenly and so are hand-picked…by Juan Valdez? This leads to a social dilemma…to buy or to boycott or…? Coffea arabica - coffee Coffee originated in tropical Africa, but most of the crop is now grown in the South American tropics Why? What South American native is produced mostly Chocolate in Africa? These grapes are a classic berry What is the tiny scar on the end of each fruit? The location of the style attachment So is the ovary superior or inferior? QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture Here is a berry from an inferior ovary! http://www.all-creatures.org/pica/ftshl-grape-07.jpg What is the difference between the flesh of the two berries shown here? True vs Accessory Cucurbita female (pistillate, carpellate flower) stigma vestigial androecium style QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture inferior ovary fruit will have accessory pedicel http://www.biology.lsa.umich.edu/courses/bio255/Cucurbita.jpg Are the flowers perfect or imperfect? Is the pistil simple or compound? Is the ovary inferior or superior? Is the flower epigynous or hypogynous? This is the true fruit accessory What is the rest of the tissue? Is the placenta axile, radial, or parietal? This is a seed or an ovule? What is this stalk? funiculus Cucumis melo ovule/seed funiculus placenta placenta QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture true fruit placenta parietal! rind = accessory http://www.eeob.iastate.edu/classes/botany306/terminology/flower/images/syncarpy-melon.jpg The flowers of apple have a halfinferior (half-superior) ovary So the fruit is going to be partially an accessory fruit The apple fruit is a pome, which has a cartilaginous core as the true fruit The accessory is tasty! The bottom of the fruit shows the remains of the five styles and stigmata There are also five triangular flaps that were the sepals, Fruit Description: Dry Fruits Dehiscent Follicle-one side Legume-two sides http://arnica.csustan.edu/key/FOLLICLE.JPG http://arnica.csustan.edu/key/LEGUME.JPG Example: milkweed Example: honey locust Dry Fruits Indehiscent Achene - cypsela http://arnica.csustan.edu/key/ACHENE.JPG Example: sunflower Grain - caryopsis http://arnica.csustan.edu/key/CORN.JPG Example: corn Capsule-multiple http://arnica.csustan.edu/key/CAPSULE.JPG Example: hibiscus Nut with involucre http://arnica.csustan.edu/key/NUT.JPG Example: oak Both Kapok and Milkweed have a fruit that splits along one side: …a follicle The seeds of both species have a fibrous pappus attached to the seeds Kapok was used for filling floatation devices In WW2, the US investigated using milkweed as a substitute to outfit the Navy It was found unsuitable Here are two fruits, dry at maturity, and splitting along both sides of the fruit to shed seeds This makes the fruits legumes The examples shown are lentil (left) and redbud (below) Is this pistil simple or compound? stigmata Papav er orientale - oriental poppy Wounding this fruit causes latex to bleed out This is collected as raw opium Morphine and codeine can be extracted from this Heroin is synthesized by reactions with morphine as starting material ovary wall stamen and petal scars sepal Fragaria - Strawberry Origin: Aggregate Fruit Composition: True + Accessory flower hypogynous http://www.hort.purdue.edu/ext/senior/fruits/images/large/strawberryflower.jpg style + stigma superior ovary http://www.eeob.iastate.edu/classes/botany306/terminology/fruit/ images/strawberry-achene.jpg http://www.preschooleducation.com/postcard/pic/strawberry%202.gif Descripton (true fruit!): Dry Indehiscent Achene Fragaria early fruit development shows clearly the carpels of the flower becoming the true fruit… stigma style superior ovary true fruit QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture receptacle accessor y to fruit http://www.eeob.iastate.edu/classes/botany306/terminology/flower/images/Fragaria2.jpg Nut! Cypsela oak, filbert (hazelnut), chestnut daisy family! stigma style ovary wall Caryopsis - grain The most important fruit on earth! rice, corn, wheat, etc scar of epigynous flower scar of style ovary wall inferior ovary wall embryo involucre pedicel scar hypogynous flower chaff QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture http://www.tropicamente.it/immagini http://www.mytho%20sito/CATALOGO/T/Theobroma%20cacao.jpg fleurs.com/images/fleurs_tropicales/theobroma_cacao_fleurs.JPG QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture http://www.rz.uni-karlsruhe.de/~db50/FOTO Archiv/Theobroma%20cacao%202.jpg Theobroma cacao The ground-up interior of the seeds is used to make chocolate (after mixing with sugar and milk solids) [...]... fruit that splits along one side: …a follicle The seeds of both species have a fibrous pappus attached to the seeds Kapok was used for filling floatation devices In WW2, the US investigated using milkweed as a substitute to outfit the Navy It was found unsuitable Here are two fruits, dry at maturity, and splitting along both sides of the fruit to shed seeds This makes the fruits legumes The examples... superior? Is the flower epigynous or hypogynous? This is the true fruit accessory What is the rest of the tissue? Is the placenta axile, radial, or parietal? This is a seed or an ovule? What is this stalk? funiculus Cucumis melo ovule /seed funiculus placenta placenta QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture true fruit placenta parietal! rind = accessory http://www.eeob.iastate.edu/classes/botany306/terminology/flower/images/syncarpy-melon.jpg... QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture http://www.rz.uni-karlsruhe.de/~db50/FOTO Archiv/Theobroma%20cacao%202.jpg Theobroma cacao The ground-up interior of the seeds is used to make chocolate (after mixing with sugar and milk solids) ... tissue? Is the placenta axile, radial, or parietal? This is a seed or an ovule? What is this stalk? funiculus Cucumis melo ovule /seed funiculus placenta placenta QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed)... Milkweed have a fruit that splits along one side: …a follicle The seeds of both species have a fibrous pappus attached to the seeds Kapok was used for filling floatation devices In WW2, the US... Fleshy Fruits Drupe: with pit http://arnica.csustan.edu/key/DRUPE.JPG Example: peach Berry: with seeds http://arnica.csustan.edu/key/TOMATO.JPG Example: tomato Pome: with core http://arnica.csustan.edu/key/POME.JPG