Food Allergies Food Intolerances and Disabilities August/September 2012 CACFP Training What are the Rules?  Medical or Religious Reason for needing food substitutions  Disability  Allergy or Religious Reason  Parent Preference  Milk Let’s go through the Handout Next …  Food Allergy  Food Intolerances  Disability  Examples of some common Diseases    Diabetes Celiac Disease PKU Food Allergy  Sensitivity to chemical compounds (proteins) naturally found in food  Develop after exposure to a food protein that body thinks is harmful  It’s an abnormal response of the immune system to a particular food or food component Foods included in food allergy labeling required by FDA  Milk  Eggs  Peanuts  Tree Nuts  Fish  Shellfish  Soy  Wheat Food allergies Involve features of the human immune response 1) Production of immunoglobulin E ()IgE) A type of protein called an antibody that blood circuclates through the 2) Mast cell, a specific cell that occurs in all body tissues but is especially common in areas of body that are typical sites of allergic reactions (including nose & throat, lungs, skin & gastrointestinal tract Forming IgE  Inherited predisposition  First has to be exposed to the food  As food is digested, it triggers certain cells to produce IgE in large amounts  IgE released and hooks to Mast Cells  Next time person eats the food it interacts with specific IgE & triggers the mast cells to release chemicals such as histamine The Allergic Reaction An allergic reaction to food can take place within a few minutes to hours g in Itchin h Mout Diarrhea BP may d rop Vomitting htness Throat tig Breathing Difficulty lactic S Anaphy hock Symptoms of Food Allergy  Rash or hives or eczema  Abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting  Tingling or itching in the mouth or skin  Wheezing, nasal congestion or trouble breathing  Dizziness, lightheadedness or fainting  Swelling of the lips, face, tongue, and throat, or other parts of the body Anaphylaxis No cure for food allergies Avoid the Offending Food is the only way to prevent a reaction Symptoms of Food Intolerance  Nausea  Stomach Pain  Gas, cramps, bloating  Vomiting  Heartburn  Diarrhea  Headaches  Irritability or Nervousness Tell the difference? ALLERGY  Allergies can be triggered by even small amounts – occur every time food consumed  Advised to avoid offending foods completely INTOLERANCE  Intolerance is dose related  Found through trial and error (food diary)  Elimination diet and reintroduce foods one at a time Disability  Anyone who has a physical or mental impairment, which substantially limits one or more of he major life activities, has a record of such impairment, or is regarded as having such an impairment Disability  Determination can only be made by a licensed physician  What is disability  How it restricts diet  Major life activity affected  Foods to be omitted  Foods to be substituted  Easiest way is to use our medical statement Common Food Related Disabilities Diabetes Celiac Disease PKU Diabetes  The body cannot produce or use insulin  Insulin = a hormone that helps the body to use glucose as energy  Type  Type (typically in adults) Type Diabetes  Normally, the hormone insulin helps glucose enter the child's cells to provide energy to the muscles and tissues  When working properly, once a child eats, the pancreas secretes more insulin into the bloodstream and it circulates & opens doors so sugar can enter the body’s cells  Type I -Pancreas produces little or no insulin Diabetes  Blood sugar monitoring – many times a day  Glucose monitoring (CGM) – newest way to monitor blood sugar levels (used as an additional tool to blood sugar monitoring)  Insulin treatment Diabetes Lifestyle Considerations Healthy Eating - high in nutrition and low in fats and calories Fruits & vegetables, Whole Grains, Low fat/low sugar Physical Activity – can affect blood sugar levels up to 12 hrs after exercise Type Diabetes Most common in adults but on the rise in children – fueled by obesity Pancreas stops producing enough insulin Treated with diet/exercise and oral meds Prevention: Eat healthy foods Get more physical activity Manage weight Celiac Disease Genetically-based autoimmune disease characterized by sensitivity to the protein gluten Celiac Disease  Dietary treatment  Only treatment is gluten-free diet  Cannot eat the protein from the following grains:  Wheat, barley, rye, and hybrids of these grains  These grains may be eaten:  Corn, rice, sorghum, teff, wild rice, millet, amaranth, quinoa, and buckwheat Celiac Disease  Where is Gluten found?   Flour, bread, bread products (e.g pizza crust), pasta, and breakfast cereals May be an ingredient in many other foods including soups, hotdogs, gravies, and French fries  Read food labels  Wheat, barley, rye, malt, oats (due to gluten contamination), brewer’s yeast, modified food starch, Dextrin, Semolina, farina, durum flour, enriched flour, and graham flour Phenylketonuria (PKU)  Cannot process the amino acid phenylalanine  Dietary treatment:  Low protein diet (to prevent increase in phenylalanine)  Special formula to provide protein For More Information see NFSMI www.nfsmi.org Special needs training [...]... throat that makes it difficult to breathe  Weak and rapid pulse  Dizziness, lightheadedness or loss of consciousness Food Intolerances  Lacks the chemicals called enzymes, necessary to properly digest certain proteins found in food  Intolerances to some chemical ingredients added to food to provide color, taste, or protect against growth or bacteria  Sulfites can be a source of intolerance (naturally... juices Symptoms of Food Intolerance  Nausea  Stomach Pain  Gas, cramps, bloating  Vomiting  Heartburn  Diarrhea  Headaches  Irritability or Nervousness Tell the difference? ALLERGY  Allergies can be triggered by even small amounts – occur every time food consumed  Advised to avoid offending foods completely INTOLERANCE  Intolerance is dose related  Found through trial and error (food diary) ...Exercise-induced food allergy  Some people have an allergic reaction to a food triggered by exercise  Eating certain foods may cause person to feel itchy and lightheaded soon after they start exercising  Not eating a couple of hours before exercising & avoiding certain foods may help prevent this problem Anaphylaxis  Most severe allergic reaction... reintroduce foods one at a time Disability  Anyone who has a physical or mental impairment, which substantially limits one or more of he major life activities, has a record of such impairment, or is regarded as having such an impairment Disability  Determination can only be made by a licensed physician  What is disability  How it restricts diet  Major life activity affected  Foods to be omitted  Foods... found?   Flour, bread, bread products (e.g pizza crust), pasta, and breakfast cereals May be an ingredient in many other foods including soups, hotdogs, gravies, and French fries  Read food labels  Wheat, barley, rye, malt, oats (due to gluten contamination), brewer’s yeast, modified food starch, Dextrin, Semolina, farina, durum flour, enriched flour, and graham flour Phenylketonuria (PKU)  Cannot process... licensed physician  What is disability  How it restricts diet  Major life activity affected  Foods to be omitted  Foods to be substituted  Easiest way is to use our medical statement Common Food Related Disabilities Diabetes Celiac Disease PKU Diabetes  The body cannot produce or use insulin  Insulin = a hormone that helps the body to use glucose as energy  Type 1  Type 2 (typically in adults)... reaction  Involves multiple systems at the same time  Potentially fatal if medication not given promptly  Can occur within minutes of exposure  Peanut/tree nut allergies in combo with asthma is the highest risk  If child has life-threatening allergies it is considered a disability in Child Nutrition Symptoms of Anaphylaxis  Skin reactions, including hives along with itching, flushed or pale skin (almost... exercise Type 2 Diabetes Most common in adults but on the rise in children – fueled by obesity Pancreas stops producing enough insulin Treated with diet/exercise and oral meds Prevention: Eat healthy foods Get more physical activity Manage weight Celiac Disease Genetically-based autoimmune disease characterized by sensitivity to the protein gluten Celiac Disease  Dietary treatment  Only treatment ... system to a particular food or food component Foods included in food allergy labeling required by FDA  Milk  Eggs  Peanuts  Tree Nuts  Fish  Shellfish  Soy  Wheat Food allergies Involve features... Anaphylaxis No cure for food allergies Avoid the Offending Food is the only way to prevent a reaction Exercise-induced food allergy  Some people have an allergic reaction to a food triggered by exercise... consciousness Food Intolerances  Lacks the chemicals called enzymes, necessary to properly digest certain proteins found in food  Intolerances to some chemical ingredients added to food to provide