TIP Subject     Verb Basic sentence Every subject must have a verb Every verb must have a subject Singular Subject is followed by singular Verb Plural Subject is followed by plural Verb Example : During the day the sun warms the air near the earth’s surface, rises and the heated air rises Subject Verb 1.Command, and 2.Double comparative Examples : Open your mouth, please ! The deeper the lake, the bigger the fish The more diligent the students, the easier their life TIP S U B J E C T A noun or noun phrase  Students usually read a great deal  Rain and snow wash out aerosols, making the air fresher after the precipitation A pronoun  He became known for his sketches of nature A dummy subject Empty of meaning  It is easy to say, but difficult to  There are three or more groups of motives that arouse humans  There is a lot of precipitation in the tropics A gerund  Skiing is one of the most popular in Canada An infinitive  To regulate the nation’s money supply has become the responsibility of the Federal Reserve System A clause That, what, who, when, where, how, which, whether  That he was late upset his girlfriend  What distinguishes moose from other members of the deer family is their big shoulders and broad hooves TIP This That These Those Singular nouns plural nouns Nouns that are preceded by one of these words not take an ar t icle Example : Because ballpoint pens depend on gravity to pull the ink to the ball, these instruments not work well when held sideways TIP my, your, our, his, her, their, its Possessive pronouns pronouns Possessive always followed by nouns or noun phrases Therefore, they can help you to distinguish a noun from a verb Example : Their English teacher teaches them on Fridays TIP Prepositions about, at, by, across, among, around, down, behind, during, except, in, on, of, out, with, through, upon, together, toward, without almost always come before :  nouns  noun phrases  noun clauses Example : Pencils consist of a writing core set within a case of wood, metal, or plastic TIP Prepositions with Nouns are never part of the subject phrase Example : Complete these sentences with ‘is’ or ‘are’ is coming for dinner  Mr Smith, with his friends, …  Mr Smith and his friends are … coming for dinner  The students of this school are … from Indonesia TIP and Compound Subject Compound verb Parallel / Repetitive Mary, John, and Bill are late Mary reads and writes at her desk Mary went to the library and to the bank Helicopters are small than most airplanes and A B C cannot fly as far D There is no definite record of who created or A B first use traffic control devices C D Fortunetellers say they possess a certain power that A B makes them aware of events before them happen C D Nearly all crops grown in the United States are planted A B C by machines call planters D Exercises [...]... Indicate nouns, however,  abstract nouns (science, education)  uncountable nouns (milk, sugar) may have no articles Example:  Life is an object of study for poets and biologist  The purpose of professional conventions is to exchange and expand knowledge TIP 9 Nouns The ending- s Plural form marks the last noun of plural noun phrase, Examples:  school days  five-credit-hour courses  They are fifteenyear... looking for a lost contact lens on a carpeted surface, using bright and directed flashlight beam can expedite the process ( look for = search ) 1 The planning of television dramas … in the programming departments of broadcasting stations (A) (B) (C) (D) 2 which begin begins are beginning which begins Before electric … common, Europeans used candles as a source of artificial light (A) (B) (C) (D) lighting... failures or damage …… can interrupt local service of electric power (A) are caused by storms (B) they are caused by storms (C) which caused (D) caused by storm 5 Helicopters are small than most airplanes and A B C cannot fly as far D 6 There is no definite record of who created or A B first use traffic control devices C D 7 Fortunetellers say they possess a certain power that A B makes them aware of events ... : During the day the sun warms the air near the earth’s surface, rises and the heated air rises Subject Verb 1.Command, and 2.Double comparative Examples : Open your mouth, please ! The deeper... …  Mr Smith and his friends are … coming for dinner  The students of this school are … from Indonesia TIP and Compound Subject Compound verb Parallel / Repetitive Mary, John, and Bill are... articles Example:  Life is an object of study for poets and biologist  The purpose of professional conventions is to exchange and expand knowledge TIP Nouns The ending- s Plural form marks