Starter What charges protons, neutrons, and electrons have? Minerals that form from magma form as the result of _ Why is color not a useful identification property? What is a mineral’s streak? What is the most common mineral group? Starter Recent global warming appears to be the result of a b c d Changes in global wind patterns A decrease in the greenhouse effect Increases in greenhouse gases in the air Changes in Earth’s revolution around the sun Melting ice caps result in which of the following? a b c d A rise in sea level A fall in sea level Colder temperatures Less precipitation In a dry climate, yearly precipitation is a b c d Less than the rate of evaporation Greater than the rate of evaporation Greater in a desert than in a steppe Less than in a polar climate 3.1 The Rock Cycle P.64 http://www.public-domain-image.com/naturelandscape/canyon/slides/bryce-canyon-hoodoos.jpg Today, you will be able to: • Define the term rock •Identify the three major types of rocks and explain how they differ •Describe the rock cycle •List the forces that power Earth’s rock cycle Vocabulary • • • • • • • • • Rock Igneous rock Sedimentary rock Metamorphic rock Rock cycle Magma Lava Weathering Sediments Rocks • • • • Rocks contain clues about the environments in which they were formed For example, rocks with shell fragments were probably formed near the ocean and volcanic rocks give clues to where volcanic activity has occurred on Earth A rock is any solid mass of minerals or minerallike matter occurring naturally as part of Earth Most rocks are combinations of many minerals and can be classified based on their composition and texture • • Rocks Rocks are generally grouped into one of three groups based on how they formed These three groups are igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary All three groups interact with each other The process that shows how the groups interact is called the rock cycle The Rock Cycle • • • Magma is melted material beneath Earth’s surface When it cools and hardens (crystallizes) below the surface or during a volcanic eruption, an igneous rock is formed Magma that reaches the surface is called lava Igneous Rocks Obsidian http://www.oldearth.org/c urriculum/geology/images /Obsidian1.jpg Granite http://0.tqn.com/d/geology /1/0/g/V/granitesalinia.jpg Pumice http://0.tqn.com/d/geology /1/0/L/W/pumiceoakland.j The Rock Cycle • • • Any rock on the surface will eventually break down Weathering is a process in which rocks are physically and chemically broken down by water, wind, and living things Weathered pieces of rock are called The Rock Cycle • • Sediments are moved around Earth by water, wind, gravity, and other organisms Eventually, after sediments are deposited, they can be compacted and cemented together to form a sedimentary rock Sedimentary Rocks Siltstone http://0.tqn.com/d/geology /1/0/m/7/1/mckittrick9.jpg http://academics.smcvt.ed u/vtgeographic/textbook/g eology/Sedimentary_laye rs.jpg The Rock Cycle • • Any rock that is exposed to extreme changes in heat and pressure will undergo a change This change results in a metamorphic rock Metamorphic Rocks Gneiss Slate http://0.tqn.com/d/geology /1/0/Y/S/1/rocpicgneiss.jp g http://0.tqn.com/d/geology /1/0/f/S/1/rocpicslate.jpg The Rock Cycle • • • Where does the energy that drives Earth’s rock cycle come from? – Processes driven by heat from Earth’s interior are responsible for forming igneous and metamorphic rocks – Weathering and movement of sediments are external processes powered by energy from the sun Internal  igneous, metamorphic External  sedimentary The Rock Cycle (page 63) Post-Test (page 42) What is a rock? What are the three major types of rocks? How igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks differ? What is the rock cycle? What powers the Earth’s rock cycle? [...]...Sedimentary Rocks Siltstone http://0.tqn.com/d/geology /1/ 0/m/7 /1/ mckittrick9.jpg http://academics.smcvt.ed u/vtgeographic/textbook/g eology/Sedimentary_laye rs.jpg The Rock Cycle • • Any rock that is exposed to extreme changes in heat and pressure will undergo a change This change results in a metamorphic rock Metamorphic Rocks Gneiss Slate http://0.tqn.com/d/geology /1/ 0/Y/S /1/ rocpicgneiss.jp... http://0.tqn.com/d/geology /1/ 0/f/S /1/ rocpicslate.jpg The Rock Cycle • • • Where does the energy that drives Earth’s rock cycle come from? – Processes driven by heat from Earth’s interior are responsible for forming igneous and metamorphic rocks – Weathering and movement of sediments are external processes powered by energy from the sun Internal  igneous, metamorphic External  sedimentary The Rock Cycle (page 63) Post-Test... from the sun Internal  igneous, metamorphic External  sedimentary The Rock Cycle (page 63) Post-Test (page 42) 1 What is a rock? 2 What are the three major types of rocks? 3 How do igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks differ? 4 What is the rock cycle? 5 What powers the Earth’s rock cycle?