MINERAL CLASSIFICATION How minerals are grouped Classification • Minerals are generally grouped or classified based on their chemical composition • Most common system is the Dana system • Developed by Professor James Dana of Yale University in 1848 Mineral Composition • Minerals are usually compounds made of the most common elements in the crust Silicates  The largest group of minerals  Composed of:  Metal + SiO2  Example: topaz Al2SiO4(F,OH)3 Carbonates  The second largest group of minerals  Composed of:  Metal + CO3  Example: calcite CaCO3 Oxides  Composed of:  Metal + O  Example: magnetite Fe3O4 Sulfates  Composed of:  Metal + SO4  Example: barite BaSO4 Halides  Composed of:  Metal + halogen  Halogens include: Chlorine Fluorine Bromine Iodine CaF2 Example: fluorite Sulfides  Composed of:  Metal + S  Example: chalcocite Cu2S Phosphates  Composed of:  Metal + PO4  Example: Apatite Ca5(PO4)3(OH,F,Cl) Nitrates  Composed of:  Metal + NO3  Example: Niter KNO3 Native Elements  Composed of:  A single element  Example: Gold Au Instructions: Place the names of the mineral groups across the top of your desk Place the minerals in the correct column based on the chemistry Here are the correct results Native Elements Silicates Oxides Halides Phosphates Apatite: Ca5(F,Cl,OH)(PO4)3 Gold: Au Beryl: Be3Al2(Si6O18) Chromite: FeCr2O4 Cryolite: Na3AlF6 Silver: Ag Talc: Mg3(Si4O10)(OH)2 Corundum: Al2O3 Halite: NaCl Copper: Cu Orthoclase: KAlSi3O8 Hematite: Fe2O3 Fluorite: CaF2 Sulfur: S Muscovite: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 Magnetite: Fe3O4 Sylvite: KCl Quartz: SiO2 Ilmenite: FeTiO3 Kaolinite: Al4(Si4O10)(OH)8 Rutile: TiO2 Carbonates Sulfates Sulfides Nitrates Calcite: CaCO3 Gypsum: CaSO4.2H2O Galena: PbS Niter: KNO3 Dolomite: CaMg(CO3)2 Barite: BaSO4 Sphalerite: ZnS Siderite: FeCO3 Anhydrite: CaSO4 Pyrite: FeS2 Malachite: Cu2CO3(OH)2 Epsomite: MgSO4.7H2O Bornite: Cu5FeS4 Turquoise: CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8.2H2O Lazulite: MgAl2(OH)2(PO4)2 Directions on how to print the next slide for classroom use: 1.Follow these steps to print a copy of the mineral labels used by students in this activity 2.Duplicate the sheet and cut along the lines 3.Select “Print Preview” option on print menu 4.Select “slides” on Print What menu 5.Select “Print” on print menu 6.Choose page 17 to print and on the Options menu choose “black and white” Native Elements Gold: Au Silver: Ag Copper: Cu Silicates Beryl: Be3Al2(Si6O18) Muscovite: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 Talc: Mg3(Si4O10)(OH)2 Oxides Corundum: Al2O3 Hematite: Fe2O3 Magnetite: Fe3O4 Carbonates Calcite: CaCO3 Dolomite: CaMg(CO3)2 Halides Halite: NaCl Fluorite: CaF2 Sylvite: KCl Sulfates Barite: BaSO4 Gypsum: CaSO4.2H2O Anhydrite: CaSO4 Sulfides Galena: PbS Sphalerite: ZnS Pyrite: FeS2 Nitrates Niter: KNO3 Phosphates Apatite: Ca5(F,Cl,OH)(PO4)3 Turquoise: CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8.2H2O Lazulite: MgAl2(OH)2(PO4)2 Quartz: SiO2 Orthoclase: KAlSi3O8 Kaolinite: Al4(Si4O10)(OH)8 Ilmenite: FeTiO3 Rutile: TiO2 Chromite: FeCr2O4 Siderite: FeCO3 Malachite: Cu 2CO3(OH)2 Sulfur: S Cryolite: Na3AlF6 Epsomite: MgSO4.7H2O Bornite: Cu5FeS4 [...]... Example: Gold Au Instructions: Place the names of the mineral groups across the top of your desk Place the minerals in the correct column based on the chemistry Here are the correct results Native Elements Silicates Oxides Halides Phosphates Apatite: Ca5(F,Cl,OH)(PO4)3 Gold: Au Beryl: Be3Al2(Si6O18) Chromite: FeCr2O4 Cryolite: Na3AlF6 Silver: Ag Talc: Mg3(Si4O10)(OH)2 Corundum: Al2O3 Halite: NaCl Copper:... MgAl2(OH)2(PO4)2 Directions on how to print the next slide for classroom use: 1. Follow these steps to print a copy of the mineral labels used by students in this activity 2.Duplicate the sheet and cut along the lines 3.Select “Print Preview” option on print menu 4.Select “slides” on Print What menu 5.Select “Print” on print menu 6.Choose page 17 to print and on the Options menu choose “black and white” Native... 5.Select “Print” on print menu 6.Choose page 17 to print and on the Options menu choose “black and white” Native Elements Gold: Au Silver: Ag Copper: Cu Silicates Beryl: Be3Al2(Si6O18) Muscovite: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 Talc: Mg3(Si4O10)(OH)2 Oxides Corundum: Al2O3 Hematite: Fe2O3 Magnetite: Fe3O4 Carbonates Calcite: CaCO3 Dolomite: CaMg(CO3)2 Halides Halite: NaCl Fluorite: CaF2 Sylvite: KCl Sulfates Barite:... Silver: Ag Talc: Mg3(Si4O10)(OH)2 Corundum: Al2O3 Halite: NaCl Copper: Cu Orthoclase: KAlSi3O8 Hematite: Fe2O3 Fluorite: CaF2 Sulfur: S Muscovite: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 Magnetite: Fe3O4 Sylvite: KCl Quartz: SiO2 Ilmenite: FeTiO3 Kaolinite: Al4(Si4O10)(OH)8 Rutile: TiO2 Carbonates Sulfates Sulfides Nitrates Calcite: CaCO3 Gypsum: CaSO4.2H2O Galena: PbS Niter: KNO3 Dolomite: CaMg(CO3)2 Barite: BaSO4 Sphalerite:... Sphalerite: ZnS Pyrite: FeS2 Nitrates Niter: KNO3 Phosphates Apatite: Ca5(F,Cl,OH)(PO4)3 Turquoise: CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8.2H2O Lazulite: MgAl2(OH)2(PO4)2 Quartz: SiO2 Orthoclase: KAlSi3O8 Kaolinite: Al4(Si4O10)(OH)8 Ilmenite: FeTiO3 Rutile: TiO2 Chromite: FeCr2O4 Siderite: FeCO3 Malachite: Cu 2CO3(OH)2 Sulfur: S Cryolite: Na3AlF6 Epsomite: MgSO4.7H2O Bornite: Cu5FeS4