Slide semantic meeting 2

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Slide semantic meeting 2

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Semantics Meeting Section 2: Word Meaning 2.2 Componential analysis Ex1.: boy + human + male - adult Ex2.: man + human + male + adult Ex3 bachelor: + human Ex4 spinster: + human + mature + mature + male + female + stay single + stay single  Componential analysis is used for a group of related words which may differ from one another only one or two semantic features Section 2: Word Meaning 2.3 Semantic fields Ex6.: rose Ex5.: pen lily pencil ruler stationery tulip eraser daisy stickers sunflower paper violet flower 2.3.1 Definition  “ The organization of related words and expressions into a system which shows their relationship to one another” [ Richards et al, 1987:53] Section 2: Word Meaning 2.3.2 Ways of organizing semantically similar items into semantic fields (a) items related by topics Ex8.: dog Ex7.: pen pencil cat red pen pig blue pen bear black pen Types of pen goat correction pen tiger highlight pen deer Types of animal Section 2: Word Meaning 2.3.2 Ways of organizing semantically similar items into semantic fields (b) items similar in meaning Ex9.: stew Ex10: shout boil whisper fry mutter steam drawl roast grill smoke ways of cooking holler ways of talking Section 2: Word Meaning 2.3.2 Ways of organizing semantically similar items into semantic fields (c) Terms describing people’s weight Ex11: thin bony skinny scrawny underweight emaciated slender slim People’s weight Section 2: Word Meaning 2.3.2 Ways of organizing semantically similar items into semantic fields (d) Items which form pairs of antonyms Ex12: long/short light/heavy alive/dead love/hate approve/disapprove begin/end Inside/outside upstairs/downstairs Pairs of antonyms Section 2: Word Meaning 2.3.2 Ways of organizing semantically similar items into semantic fields (e) Items which form pairs or trios of synonyms Ex13.: smart/bright/intelligent conserve/reserve/safeguard fix/repair/mend kind/short/type/variety happy/glad Pairs/trios of synonyms Section 2: Word Meaning 2.3.2 Ways of organizing semantically similar items into semantic fields (f) Items grouped as an activity or a process Ex14: clean the rooms Ex15: make hypotheses the washing collect data iron the clothes analyze data get the food get results prepare a meal come to conclusions wash up the housework research Section 2: Word Meaning 2.3.2 Ways of organizing semantically similar items into semantic fields (g) Items classified according to Ex17: waitress Ex16: waiter tiger tigress actor actress host hostess landlord landlady sir madam male female sex Section 2: Word Meaning 2.3.2 Ways of organizing semantically similar items into semantic fields (g) Items classified according to Ex18: grown-ups adults elderly people middle-aged people teenagers children infants babies age Section 2: Word Meaning 2.3.2 Ways of organizing semantically similar items into semantic fields (g) Items classified according to Ex 20: dog Ex19: cock hen bitch chicken puppy chick Age & Sex dog Exercise 4,P.24 2/ shirts 1/ amble socks limp hats tiptoe coats articles of clothing plod shorts trudge trousers stomp Ways of walking stump tramp 3/ long/short forward(s) / backward(s) in/out beginning/end lend/borrow Items which form pairs of antonyms Section 2: Word Meaning 2.4 Lexical gaps Ex21: stallion mare foal billy -goat horse nanny-goat bull goat kid cow ???? lexical gap calf “ The absence of a word in a particular place in a lexical field of a language” [ Richard et al, 1987] Exercise 5,P.25-26 ram ewe lamb male - giraffe sheep female-giraffe baby-giraffe giraffe Section 2: Word Meaning 2.5 Referent, reference and sense 2.5.1 Ex22: Referent  real things? school classmate can see? teacher can touch?  An object or an entity in the real world or in the world of your imagination that is talk about Ex23: the could in since  real things?  function words can see? can touch? Notes: Function words have no referents  not referents Section 2: Word Meaning 2.5 Referent, reference and sense 2.5.2 Ex24: Reference Peter’s house in the E language Ex25: Reference hairdresser in the E language Reference The house that belongs to Peter in the real world One who dresses or cuts hairs in the real world  The reference of a word is the relationship between that word and the thing, the action, the event, the quality etc it refers to Section 2: Word Meaning 2.5 Referent, reference and sense 2.5.3 Sense Ex26: teacher The one who gives a lesson student The one who has the lesson given by the former Ex27: A dog is chasing a cat A dog chasing a cat A dog is human A dog  human Ex28: The King of Vietnam is bald The King of Vietnam in the E language NO REFERENCE ???????? in the real world  The sense of a word is the internal relationship between that word and others in the vocabulary of a language Section 2: Word Meaning 2.5 Referent, reference and sense 2.5.4 Variable reference, constant reference and co-reference Ex29: Teachers in Tay Do university Ms Bao Dung Ms Uyen Ms Hanh Mr Hai etc Ex30: Presidents in Viet Nam  Uncle Ho  Tran Duc Luong  The same linguistic expression refers to different referents, it has variable reference Section 2: Word Meaning 2.5 Referent, reference and sense 2.5.4 Variable reference, constant reference and co-reference Ex31: The sun  one referent Ex32 The moon  one referent  One linguistic expression refers to one and the same referent, it has constant reference Ex33 Lan is a monitor in class A Lan = a monitor  the same referent Ex34 Marry is the girl standing over there Marry = the girl standing overthere  the same referent  Two or more linguistic expression shares the same referent, it has co- reference Exercise 6, P.29 When Albert talks about “his former friend”, he means me Reference Daddy, what does logic mean? Sense Purchase has the same meaning as buy Sense Look up the meaning of democracy in your dictionary Sense 5.If you look out of the window now, you’ll see who I mean Reference [...]...Section 2: Word Meaning 2. 3 .2 Ways of organizing semantically similar items into semantic fields (g) Items classified according to Ex18: grown-ups adults elderly people middle-aged people teenagers children infants babies age Section 2: Word Meaning 2. 3 .2 Ways of organizing semantically similar items into semantic fields (g) Items classified according to Ex 20 : dog Ex19: cock hen bitch... language” [ Richard et al, 1987] Exercise 5,P .25 -26 ram ewe lamb male - giraffe sheep female-giraffe baby-giraffe giraffe Section 2: Word Meaning 2. 5 Referent, reference and sense 2. 5.1 Ex 22: Referent  real things? school classmate can see? teacher can touch?  An object or an entity in the real world or in the world of your imagination that is talk about Ex23: the could in since  real things?  function... Section 2: Word Meaning 2. 5 Referent, reference and sense 2. 5 .2 Ex24: Reference Peter’s house in the E language Ex25: Reference hairdresser in the E language Reference The house that belongs to Peter in the real world One who dresses or cuts hairs in the real world  The reference of a word is the relationship between that word and the thing, the action, the event, the quality etc it refers to Section 2: ... Section 2: Word Meaning 2. 5 Referent, reference and sense 2. 5.4 Variable reference, constant reference and co-reference Ex29: Teachers in Tay Do university Ms Bao Dung Ms Uyen Ms Hanh Mr Hai etc Ex30: Presidents in Viet Nam  Uncle Ho  Tran Duc Luong  The same linguistic expression refers to different referents, it has variable reference Section 2: Word Meaning 2. 5 Referent, reference and sense 2. 5.4... and the thing, the action, the event, the quality etc it refers to Section 2: Word Meaning 2. 5 Referent, reference and sense 2. 5.3 Sense Ex26: teacher The one who gives a lesson student The one who has the lesson given by the former Ex27: A dog is chasing a cat A dog chasing a cat A dog is human A dog  human Ex28: The King of Vietnam is bald The King of Vietnam in the E language NO REFERENCE ????????... cock hen bitch chicken puppy chick Age & Sex dog Exercise 4,P .24 2/ shirts 1/ amble socks limp hats tiptoe coats articles of clothing plod shorts trudge trousers stomp Ways of walking stump tramp 3/ long/short forward(s) / backward(s) in/out beginning/end lend/borrow Items which form pairs of antonyms Section 2: Word Meaning 2. 4 Lexical gaps Ex21: stallion mare foal billy -goat horse nanny-goat bull goat... referent Ex 32 The moon  one referent  One linguistic expression refers to one and the same referent, it has constant reference Ex33 Lan is a monitor in class A Lan = a monitor  the same referent Ex34 Marry is the girl standing over there Marry = the girl standing overthere  the same referent  Two or more linguistic expression shares the same referent, it has co- reference Exercise 6, P .29 1 When... overthere  the same referent  Two or more linguistic expression shares the same referent, it has co- reference Exercise 6, P .29 1 When Albert talks about “his former friend”, he means me Reference 2 Daddy, what does logic mean? Sense 3 Purchase has the same meaning as buy Sense 4 Look up the meaning of democracy in your dictionary Sense 5.If you look out of the window now, you’ll see who I mean

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Mục lục

  • Semantics 1

  • Section 2: Word Meaning

  • Slide 3

  • Slide 4

  • Slide 5

  • Slide 6

  • Slide 7

  • Slide 8

  • Slide 9

  • Slide 10

  • Slide 11

  • Slide 12

  • Exercise 4,P.24

  • Slide 14

  • Exercise 5,P.25-26

  • Slide 16

  • Slide 17

  • Slide 18

  • Slide 19

  • Slide 20

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