LAND USE PLANNING(FAO) CONCERN ABOUT What is the land use planning? The goal of Land use planning Steps in land use planning? Planning at different levels What is the land use planning? Land use planning (LUP) is defined as "a systematic assessment of land and water potential, alternative patterns of land use and other physical, social and economic conditions, for the purpose of selecting and adopting land-use options which are most beneficial to land users." Planning at 03 different levels Land-use planning can be applied at three broad levels: National level: Planning is concerned with national goals and the allocation of resources District level: Development projects are often at this level Local level : The local planning unit may be the village, a group of villages Map scale : 100000 or 1: 5000000 : 250000 or 1: 50000 : 20000 or 1: 5000 The time of land use planning (timeframe) Short term planning Medium term planning < year Long term planning Long term strategic planning 5-10 - years years Up to 30 years (up to 50 years for large scale cases) Land Use Planning Objectives The objectives are targeted at a balanced development in principle are influenced by three elements: Society Economy Environment Land use process steps - FAO Step Establish goals and terms of reference Step Organize the work Step Analyze the problems Step Identify opportunities for change Step Evaluate land suitability Step Appraise the alternatives: environmental, economic and social analysis Step Choose the best option Step Prepare the land-use plan Step Implement the plan Step 10 Monitor and revise the plan - GOALS AND TERMS OF REFERENCE • Define the planning area • Contact the people involved • Basic information: land resources / present land use/ infrastructure / population • Make a preliminary identification of problems and opportunities • Establish the criteria for making decisions on land use • Set the scope of the plan / Set the planning period 2 - ORGANIZATION OF THE WORK List the planning tasks and activities - identify the people and organizations responsible for or contributing to it; - set out the resources needed; -estimate the time needed - Use of maps, air photographs and computers - Budget for staff, equipment and transport costs - Provide for: • transport (vehicles, spares, fuel, servicing)• equipment; • office facilities 3- ANALYSIS OF PROBLEMS • Collect data on the existing situation; where possible, compile maps: (Population/ and resources/ employment and income/ present land use/ production and trends/ infrastructure) • Sources: maps, satellite imagery, air photographs, Check in the field • Identify and map: land units / land-use systems • Identify problems of land use: nature and severity, land units and land-use systems affected; analysis of causes Methods: interviews with land users, local leaders, extension staff, agencies; field reconnaissance 4- IDENTIFICATION OF OPPORTUNITIES FOR CHANGE - Opportunities: the people, land resources, improved technology, economic measures, government action; -Land-use strategies: no change, maximum production, minimum investment, maximum conservation, maximum equity; 5- LAND SUITABILITY EVALUATION • Describe land-use types and Select land qualities and land characteristics • Map the land units and determine their relevant land characteristics and qualities • Set limiting values to land-use requirements, to be used for determining class limits for land suitability • Match land use with land: • Map land suitability for each land-use type 6 APPRAISAL OF ALTERNATIVES: ENVIRONMENTAL, ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL ANALYSIS - Environmental impact assessment: soil and water resources, forest resources, wildlife conservation, resources for tourism and recreation; off-site effects -Financial analysis: are the proposed land-use types profitable for the farmer or other land users? Social impact: what effects will the proposed changes have on different sections of the community, especially women, minority groups and the poor? CHOICE OF THE BEST OPTION • Set out a series of options and recommendation for land-use types to land units The evaluation in terms of land suitability and environmental, economic and social analysis • Set out the consequences of these options in terms of the goals and planning objectives PREPARATION OF THE PLAN • Prepare maps - the basic or master land-use plan and supporting maps • Set out the land-use allocations and recommendations Give descriptions of land-use types, including management recommendations on each kind of land • Set targets for achievement, by land-use type, area and agency • Determine the finance needed for each operation and determine sources of funds • Write the report - executive summary, main report, maps and appendixes 10 MONITORING AND REVISION • List the goals and criteria achievement agreed in Step Add any that emerged later in the planning period • Gather data relevant to each criterion of attainment: physical, economic and social • Compare what has been achieved with what was planned Identify elements of success and failure • Seek explanations for failures Were they caused by: • Review the goals: are they still valid? • Initiate modification or revision of the plan: The steps can be grouped into the following logical sequence: Step Establish goals and terms of reference Step Organize the work Step Analyze the problems • Identify the problems Step Identify opportunities for change Step Evaluate land suitability Step Appraise the alternatives: environmental, economic and social analysis • Determine what alternative solutions exist Step Choose the best option Step Prepare the land-use plan Step Implement the plan Step 10 Monitor and revise the plan • Decide which is the best alternative and prepare the plan • Put the plan into action, see how it works and learn from this experience Ex - Choose the correct word to fill in each gap in the following passage In Depend on applied Remains That Creating convenient For Efficiency Planning ……… the United States, the terms land-use………… , regional planning, urban planning, and urban design are often used interchangeably, and will… ……the country and project in question Despite confusing nomenclature, the essential function of landuse planning ……….the same whatever term is……… The Canadian Institute of Planners offers a definition……… land-use planning means the scientific, aesthetic, and orderly disposition of land, resources, facilities and services with a view to securing the physical, economic and social……… , health and well-being of urban and rural communities The American Planning Association states that the goal of land-use planning is to further the welfare of people and their communities by… …………, equitable, healthful, efficient, and attractive environments…………… present and future generations TRANSLATE IN TO VIETNAMESE - Land is not the same everywhere Land is, self-evidently, the other focus of land use planning Capital, labor, management skills and technology can be moved to where they are needed Land cannot be moved, and different areas present different opportunities and different management problems Nor are land resources unchanging: this is obvious in the case of climate and vegetation, but examples such as the depletion of water resources or the loss of soil by erosion or salinity are reminders that resources can be degraded, in some cases irreversibly Good information about land resources is thus essential to land-use planning TRANSLATE IN TO VIETNAMESE - Establish goals and terms of reference Ascertain the present situation; find out the needs of the people and of the government; decide on the land area to be covered; agree on the broad goals and specific objectives of the plan; settle the terms of reference for the plan Analyze the problems Study the existing land-use situation, including in the field; talk to the land users and find out their needs and views; identify the problems and analyze their causes; identify constraints to change ANSWER In the United States, the terms land-use planning, regional planning, urban planning, and urban design are often used interchangeably, and will depend on the country and project in question Despite confusing nomenclature, the essential function of land-use planning remains the same whatever term is applied The Canadian Institute of Planners offers a definition that land-use planning means the scientific, aesthetic, and orderly disposition of land, resources, facilities and services with a view to securing the physical, economic and social efficiency, health and well-being of urban and rural communities The American Planning Association states that the goal of landuse planning is to further the welfare of people and their communities by creating convenient, equitable, healthful, efficient, and attractive environments for present and future generations TRANSLATE IN TO VIETNAMESE - In the socio-economic assessment, LUTs’ socio-economic indicators were evaluated for each LMU The socio-economic indicators that applied in this study were: gross income, investment costs, variable costs, total costs, benefit/cost ratio, labor days, accessibility, and financial risk Values of socio-economic indicators are called socio-economic scores In the environmental assessment, the LUTs’ impacts on the surrounding environment were estimated on the basis of the impact of six environmental indicators on the land The six indicators were sedimentation, salinization, groundwater use, water pollution with organic wastes and nutrients, use of fertilizer and chemicals and terrain adjustments The degree of environmental impact of each indicator is determined from the results of the farmer interviews, expert knowledge, and literature research land use types’ (LUT) land-mapping units (LMU) ANSWER Đất đai không giống nơi Đất đai, thân tiêu điểm quy hoạch sử dụng đất đai Vốn, lao động, kỷ quản lý kỷ thuật đưa đến nơi cần đến Nhưng đất đai di chuyển được, cho thấy vùng đất khác cho khả khác vấn đề quản lý khác Không phải nguồn tài nguyên đất đai không thay đổi, điều rõ ràng trường hợp khí hậu thực vật, trường hợp khác thiếu hụt nguồn nước hay đất gây xoái mòn hay nhiễm mặn cho thấy rõ nguồn tài nguyên bị suy thoái Những thông tin đầy đủ trạng nguồn tài nguyên đất đai cần thiết cho quy hoạch sử dụng đất đai ANSWER Thiết lập mục tiêu tư liệu có liên quan.Trong tình trạng cụ thể tìm nhu cầu người dân nhà nước; định vùng đất quy hoạch, diện tích cần thực hiện; thống mục tiêu chung riêng quy hoạch; đặt tư liệu liên quan quy hoạch Phân tích vấn đề Nghiên cứu tình trạng sử dụng đất đai tại, bao gồm việc khảo sát đồng; thảo luận nói chuyện với người sử dụng đất đai để tìm nhu cầu họ cần tầm nhìn, quan điểm họ, xác định vấn đề phân tích nguyên nhân; xác định khó khăn tồn cần thay đổi [...]... resources/ employment and income/ present land use/ production and trends/ infrastructure) • Sources: maps, satellite imagery, air photographs, Check in the field • Identify and map: land units / land- use systems • Identify problems of land use: nature and severity, land units and land- use systems affected; analysis of causes Methods: interviews with land users, local leaders, extension staff, agencies;... - Opportunities: the people, land resources, improved technology, economic measures, government action; -Land- use strategies: no change, maximum production, minimum investment, maximum conservation, maximum equity; 5- LAND SUITABILITY EVALUATION • Describe land- use types and Select land qualities and land characteristics • Map the land units and determine their relevant land characteristics and qualities... characteristics • Map the land units and determine their relevant land characteristics and qualities • Set limiting values to land- use requirements, to be used for determining class limits for land suitability • Match land use with land: • Map land suitability for each land- use type 6 APPRAISAL OF ALTERNATIVES: ENVIRONMENTAL, ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL ANALYSIS - Environmental impact assessment: soil and... goals and planning objectives PREPARATION OF THE PLAN • Prepare maps - the basic or master land- use plan and supporting maps • Set out the land- use allocations and recommendations Give descriptions of land- use types, including management recommendations on each kind of land • Set targets for achievement, by land- use type, area and agency • Determine the finance needed for each operation and determine... analysis: are the proposed land- use types profitable for the farmer or other land users? Social impact: what effects will the proposed changes have on different sections of the community, especially women, minority groups and the poor? 7 CHOICE OF THE BEST OPTION • Set out a series of options and recommendation for land- use types to land units The evaluation in terms of land suitability and environmental,... the land area to be covered; agree on the broad goals and specific objectives of the plan; settle the terms of reference for the plan Analyze the problems Study the existing land- use situation, including in the field; talk to the land users and find out their needs and views; identify the problems and analyze their causes; identify constraints to change ANSWER In the United States, the terms land- use. .. of land- use planning is to further the welfare of people and their communities by… …………, equitable, healthful, efficient, and attractive environments…………… present and future generations TRANSLATE IN TO VIETNAMESE - 1 Land is not the same everywhere Land is, self-evidently, the other focus of land use planning Capital, labor, management skills and technology can be moved to where they are needed Land. .. terms land- use ……… , regional planning, urban planning, and urban design are often used interchangeably, and will… ……the country and project in question Despite confusing nomenclature, the essential function of landuse planning ……….the same whatever term is……… The Canadian Institute of Planners offers a definition……… land- use planning means the scientific, aesthetic, and orderly disposition of land, resources,... planning, and urban design are often used interchangeably, and will depend on the country and project in question Despite confusing nomenclature, the essential function of land- use planning remains the same whatever term is applied The Canadian Institute of Planners offers a definition that land- use planning means the scientific, aesthetic, and orderly disposition of land, resources, facilities and services... environmental indicators on the land The six indicators were sedimentation, salinization, groundwater use, water pollution with organic wastes and nutrients, use of fertilizer and chemicals and terrain adjustments The degree of environmental impact of each indicator is determined from the results of the farmer interviews, expert knowledge, and literature research land use types’ (LUT) land- mapping units (LMU)