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Chất thải rắn sinh hoạt Chất thải rắn công nghiệp Chất thải nguy hại
16/19/2005 1CHẤT THẢI NGUY HẠI hazardous waste ThS. Trần Minh Hải 6/19/2005 2Khái niệm: Chất nguy hại(hazardous materials) zlà những chất có tính độc hại tức thời đáng kể hoặc tiềm ẩnđối với con người và sinh vật khác zdo: { không phân hủy sinh học hay tồn tại lâu bền trong tự nhiên; { gia tăng số lượng đáng kể không thể kiểm soát; { liều lượng tích lũy đến một mức nào đó sẽ gây tử vong hay gây ra những tác động tiêu cực. 26/19/2005 3Tính chất {Dễ cháy (Ignitability): T < 60oC, masat,…{Tính ăn mòn (Corossivity): pH < 3; pH >12,5; {Hoạt tính hoá học cao (Reactivity){Tính độc hại (Toxicity):{Khả năng gây ung thư (Carcinogenicity) và đột biến gen6/19/2005 4DOT Hazard ClassesMiscellaneous (ORMs)9Corrosives8Radioactive materials7Poisons, etiologic agents6Oxidizers, organic peroxides5Solids4Liquids3Gases2Explosives1HAZARD TYPEHAZARD CLASS 36/19/2005 5ExplosivesExplosives: Designed to function with instantaneous release of gas and heat (i.e., by exploding).Blasting Agents: Designed to explode, but require a blasting cap to trigger the explosion6/19/2005 6GasesAnhydrous Ammonia is classified as a non-flammable gas However, it is flammable and highly toxic!Chlorine gets its own placard because it is toxic, corrosive, and an oxidizer!Poison A: Gases or liquids producing vapors highly hazardous to human health. 46/19/2005 7LiquidsFlammable Liquid: Flash point < 100oFCombustible Liquid: Flash point > 100oF6/19/2005 8SolidsAny solid material other than an explosive that is liable to cause fires through friction, through retained heat from manufacturing, or which can be ignited readily and when ignited burns vigorously and persistently. 56/19/2005 9OxidizersLiquid oxygen is an oxidizer and a cryogenic agent. Oxidizers will readily give up oxygen and support combustion. Organic oxidizers will readily give up oxygen, support combustion, and will burn! 6/19/2005 10PoisonsClass B Poisons: Solids and liquids known to be so toxic as to afford a risk to human health or which, in the absence of adequate data are assumed to be toxic to man.Irritants, substances that give off irritating fumes when heated or exposed to air, are included in Class 6, but are placarded only as DANGEROUS and only if >1000 pounds is present.Etiologic agents are included in Class 6 but are not placarded. 66/19/2005 11Radioactive MaterialsVehicles transporting radioactive materials are placarded ONLYif the packages contains material measures >50 millirem/hr on the entire package surface or >3 millirem/hr at 3 feet. (Radioactive III package labeling)Defense material being moved under authority of the Department of Energy or Department of Defense is NOTplacarded.6/19/2005 12CorrosivesMaterials that attack and destroy living tissue or that produce severe corrosion of steel.Frequently are also toxic and reactive. 76/19/2005 13DangerousClass C ExplosivesIrritantsMixed motor vehicle loads of >1000 but <5000 pounds of all HAZMAT except Poison A, Poison B, Solid Dangerous when Wet, Explosive A, Explosive B, and Radioactive6/19/2005 14UN Numbers 86/19/2005 15Nhãn báo chất nguy hại z Nhãn báo chất nguy hại 6/19/2005 16Nhãn hướng dẫn sử dụng z Handling labels 96/19/2005 17Xử lý chất nguy hại zTận dụng zĐốt zThải bỏ cuối cùng 6/19/2005 18Tận dụng dung môiz Đồng Nai, DNTN. Tân Phát Tài 106/19/2005 19Tách dầu khoáng6/19/2005 20Lò nung thùng quay z Rotary kiln incinerator [...]... 19 Tách dầu khoáng 6/19/2005 20 Lò nung thùng quay z Rotary kiln incinerator 4 6/19/2005 7 Liquids Flammable Liquid: Flash point < 100 o F Combustible Liquid: Flash point > 100 o F 6/19/2005 8 Solids Any solid material other than an explosive that is liable to cause fires through friction, through retained heat from manufacturing, or which can be ignited readily and when ignited burns vigorously . 16/19/2005 1CHẤT THẢI NGUY HẠI hazardous waste ThS. Trần Minh Hải 6/19/2005 2Khái niệm: Chất nguy hại(hazardous materials) zlà những chất có tính độc. Poison B, Solid Dangerous when Wet, Explosive A, Explosive B, and Radioactive6/19/2005 14UN Numbers 86/19/2005 15Nhãn báo chất nguy hại z Nhãn báo chất nguy