171 11.4 Moisture Absorption Curves Figure 11.26 Rate of water absorption at various conditions of humidity for Delrin®.[17] (Courtesy of DuPont.) Figure 11.27 Change in dimensions with moisture content for Zytel® 101 in the stress-free (annealed) condition.[35] (Courtesy of DuPont.) This figure (Fig 7.12) is reproduced here for the reader’s convenience Figure 11.28 Nylon moisture content as a function of time for three different thicknesses of molded nylon (Zytel®) parts while immersed in water and at 50% relative humidity.[9] (Courtesy of DuPont.) Figure 11.29 Water absorption of a variety of materials when immersed in water for 24 hours.[40] (Courtesy of Hoechst Celanese.) This figure (see Fig 7.6) is reproduced here for the reader’s convenience Notes: Delrin® (Fig 11.26) absorbs relatively little water[17] when compared with some other resins such as nylon (Fig 11.28).[9] Nylon swells with the absorption of water Moisture absorption can cause a nylon part to become larger than the mold from which the part was made Figure 11.27 shows nylon water absorption as high as 9% by weight.[40] Delrin, on the other hand, absorbs less than 1% water by weight Figure 11.29 shows the percent water absorption of a variety of materials when immersed in water for 24 hours PPS is not hygroscopic; therefore moisture has little effect on it The only moisture absorption appears to be wicking along exposed fibers.[40] © Plastics Design Library Ch 11: Data 172 11.5 Pressure Volume Temperature (PVT) Curves Subject to the conditions discussed in Ch 4, PVT curves can give a close approximation of the volumetric shrinkage of a plastic, molded part These curves give no indication of actual linear shrinkage because they not account for molecular or fiber orientation, nor they account in any way for physical restraints such as ribs, walls, or cores that may restrict shrinkage while the part is still in the mold The point at which the gate freezes and the holding pressure becomes ineffective is difficult to determine with exactitude Nevertheless, a PVT curve gives a great deal of insight into the shrinkage behavior of the plastic Most of the curves shown herein are presented in a 2D format This format is generally easier to use The 3D curves presented give a graphic picture of the effects of pressure, volume, and temperature on a given plastic, especially semicrystalline plastics, but are more difficult to use in predicting plastic shrinkage The PVT curves shown here are given as a representation of a huge database that is available from various plastic suppliers GE has PVT curves for over 500 different plastic materials This type of data must be requested from the supplier for the particular material you wish to mold Tait equation variables are given for each material Figure 11.30 A 3D PVT curve for the GE Cycolac® T grade unfilled ABS amorphous plastic (same material as shown in Fig 11.31) (Courtesy of GE Plastics.) Ch 11: Data © Plastics Design Library 173 ABS Model Tait B1s 1.000504e-003 B2s 3.421291e-007 B3s 1.864395e+008 B4s 3.713166e-003 B1m 1.001071e-003 B2m 6.360780e-007 B3m 1.622039e+008 B4m 4.899814e-003 B5 3.707949e+002 B6 1.693548e-007 B7 0.000000e+000 B8 0.000000e+000 B9 0.000000e+000 Max Temp 296.6 Figure 11.31 A 2D PVT curve for GE Cycolac® T grade unfilled ABS amorphous plastic (same material as shown in Fig 11.30) (Courtesy of GE Plastics.) © Plastics Design Library Ch 11: Data 174 Lexan® 141 Model Tait B1s 8.53E-04 B2s 1.46E-07 B3s 3.02E+08 B4s 1.75E-03 B1m 8.53E-04 B2m 5.53E-07 B3m 1.82E+08 B4m 3.80E-03 B5 4.14E+02 B6 3.31E-07 B7 0.00E+00 B8 0.00E+00 B9 0.00E+00 MaxTemp 341.7 Figure 11.32 A PVT curve for GE Lexan® 141, an unfilled polycarbonate (Courtesy of GE Plastics.) Ch 11: Data © Plastics Design Library 175 Lexan® BPL 1000 Model Tait B1s 8.526294e-004 B2s 2.181890e-007 B3s 2.239172e+008 B4s 2.556589e-003 B1m 8.545314e-004 B2m 5.565791e-007 B3m 1.366174e+008 B4m 3.576731e-003 B5 3.811843e+002 B6 4.333508e-007 B7 0.000000e+000 B8 0.000000e+000 B9 0.000000e+000 MaxTemp 286.5 Figure 11.33 A PVT curve for GE Lexan® BPL 1000 (Courtesy of GE Plastics.) © Plastics Design Library Ch 11: Data 176 Lexan ® 500R Model Tait B1s 8.036041e-004 B2s 1.538086e-007 B3s 2.874069e+008 B4s 1.479154e-003 B1m 8.041212e-004 B2m 5.035071e-007 B3m 1.725724e+008 B4m 3.790587e-003 B5 4.168094e+002 B6 4.214451e-007 B7 0.000000e+000 B8 0.000000e+000 B9 0.000000e+000 MaxTemp 323.0 Figure 11.34 A PVT curve for GE Lexan® 500R, a 10% glass-filled polycarbonate (Courtesy of GE Plastics.) Ch 11: Data © Plastics Design Library 177 Lexan® 3412 Model Tait B1s 7.59E-04 B2s 1.12E-07 B3s 3.68E+08 B4s 8.81E-04 B1m 7.59E-04 B2m 4.41E-07 B3m 2.14E+08 B4m 3.81E-03 B5 4.10E+02 B6 4.08E-07 B7 0.00E+00 B8 0.00E+00 B9 0.00E+00 MaxTemp 342.2 Figure 11.35 A PVT curve for GE Lexan® 3412, a 20% glass-filled polycarbonate (Courtesy of GE Plastics.) © Plastics Design Library Ch 11: Data 178 Lexan® 3414 Model Tait B1s 6.64E-04 B2s 7.06E-08 B3s 4.41E+08 B4s 8.52E-04 B1m 6.64E-04 B2m 3.29E-07 B3m 2.56E+08 B4m 3.69E-03 B5 4.14E+02 B6 3.97E-07 B7 0.00E+00 B8 0.00E+00 B9 0.00E+00 MaxTemp 343.6 Figure 11.36 A PVT curve for GE Lexan® 3414, a 40% glass-filled polycarbonate (Courtesy of GE Plastics.) Ch 11: Data © Plastics Design Library 179 Noryl ® 731 Model Tait B1s 9.57E-04 B2s 2.29E-07 B3s 2.23E+08 B4s 2.85E-03 B1m 9.59E-04 B2m 7.17E-07 B3m 1.24E+08 B4m 4.12E-03 B5 4.14E+02 B6 4.14E-07 B7 0.00E+00 B8 0.00E+00 B9 0.00E+00 Figure 11.37 A PVT curve for unfilled, modified PPO (GE Noryl® 731) (Courtesy of GE Plastics.) © Plastics Design Library Ch 11: Data 180 Figure 11.38 A 3D PVT curve for unfilled Nylon 6/6 (Zytel® 101L) See 2D curves in Fig 11.39 (Courtesy of GE Plastics.) Ch 11: Data © Plastics Design Library 183 Valox® 327 Model Tait B1s 8.564531e-004 B2s 3.986468e-007 B3s 1.297948e+008 B4s 4.901804e-003 B1m 9.098297e-004 B2m 6.613134e-007 B3m 1.039253e+008 B4m 3.059871e-003 B5 5.041234e+002 B6 1.086342e-007 B7 5.068244e-005 B8 2.085185e-001 B9 2.352836e-008 MaxTemp 298.3 Figure 11.41 A PVT curve for unfilled PBT (GE Valox® 327) See 3D curves in Fig 11.40 (Courtesy of GE Plastics.) © Plastics Design Library Ch 11: Data 184 Valox® DR48 Model Tait B1s 7.38E-04 B2s 2.88E-07 B3s 1.73E+08 B4s 3.43E-03 B1m 7.81E-04 B2m 5.61E-07 B3m 1.08E+08 B4m 2.25E-03 B5 5.03E+02 B6 1.44E-07 B7 3.97E-05 B8 1.07E-01 B9 1.74E-08 MaxTemp 298.3 Figure 11.42 A PVT curve for 15% glass-filled PBT (GE Valox® DR48) (Courtesy of GE Plastics.) Ch 11: Data © Plastics Design Library 185 Valox ® 420 Model Tait B1s 7.32E-04 B2s 2.76E-07 B3s 1.69E+08 B4s 4.47E-03 B1m 7.74E-04 B2m 4.77E-07 B3m 1.26E+08 B4m 2.90E-03 B5 5.12E+02 B6 1.17E-07 B7 6.02E-05 B8 8.63E-02 B9 1.40E-08 Figure 11.43 A PVT curve for 30% glass-filled PBT (Valox® 420) (Courtesy of GE Plastics.) © Plastics Design Library Ch 11: Data 186 11.6 Shrinkage and Warpage of Molded Disks The following shrinkage and warpage data was obtained by molding a circular disk with a single edge-gate The change in size from the gate to the opposite side of the disk was measured to determine the flow-direction shrink rate The cross-flow shrinkage was measured perpendicular to the flow-direction shrinkage The warpage is the offset of the edge of the disk opposite the gate over the diameter of the disk when the gate side is held tightly against the measurement surface See Fig 11.44.[6] Table 11.2 Flow and Cross Flow Shrinkage and A/D Warpage Shrinkage Rate (in/in) Flow Cross Flow Warpage A/D* Acetal Unfilled 0.020 0.016 0.075 Acetal 10% GF 0.011 0.013 0.030 Acetal 30% GF 0.004 0.015 0.300 Polycarbonate Unfilled 0.005 0.005 0.300 Polycarbonate 10% GF 0.003 0.003 0.001 Polycarbonate 30% GF 0.001 0.003 0.003 *A/D is Cup/Diameter, see Fig 11.44 Figure 11.44 Flow, cross flow, and warpage (Cup/Diameter) (A/D in Tables 11.2–11.5).[6] (Courtesy of Hanser-Gardner.) This figure (see Fig 4.7) is reproduced here for the reader’s convenience Ch 11: Data © Plastics Design Library 187 Table 11.3 Flow vs Transverse-Flow Shrinkage and Warpage for Injection-Molded Polyacetal (POM) Disksa with Increasing Glass-Fiber Loading[47] a Glass Fiber Content (%) Flow Shrinkage (in/in) Transverse Shrinkage (in/in) Differential Shrinkage (in/in × 10-3) Warpage (A/D*) 0.020 0.0160 -4.0 0.075 0.015 0.0110 -4.0 0.060 10 0.011 0.0125 1.5 0.030 20 0.006 0.0150 9.0 0.270 30 0.004 0.0150 11.0 0.300 inch diameter × 1/16 inch thick disks *A/D is Cup/Diameter, see Fig 11.44 Table 11.4 Comparison of the Warpage of Polycarbonate and SAN at Various Filler-Loading Levels[47] Base Resin Modifier Type Loading Level (%) Plaque Warpage (in)a Disk Warpage (A/D*)b Polycarbonate (PC) Unmodified 0.007 0.001 Polycarbonate (PC) Glass fiber 10 0.007 0.001 Polycarbonate (PC) Glass fiber 30 0.018 0.003 Polycarbonate (PC) Carbon fiber 30 0.006 0.002 Polycarbonate (PC) Glass bead 30 0.001 0.000 Polystyrene acrylonitrile (SAN) Glass fiber 30 0.001 0.002 Polystyrene acrylonitrile (SAN) Glass bead 30 0.001 0.000 a inch × inch × 1/8 inch thick b inch diameter × 1/16 inch thick *A/D is Cup/Diameter, see Fig 11.44 Note: The warpage in Table 11.2 is the displacement of the gate side of a 4-in diameter disk from a flat surface when the opposite side of the disk is held firmly against the flat surface The transverse shrinkage is measured across the disk at 90 degrees each side of the gate The flow-direction shrinkage is measured from the gate to the opposite side The differential shrinkage is the difference between the flow-direction and transverse-direction shrinkage Measurements must be taken at least forty-eight hours after molding Hygroscopic materials must be kept dry for this period Many process variables affect warpage data before annealing If parts are annealed, process variables have little effect on measured warpage Table 11.4 shows warpage results when molding polycarbonate and SAN.[4] © Plastics Design Library Ch 11: Data 188 Table 11.5 Shrinkage and Warpage Data for Injection-Molded Neat and Filled Thermoplastic Polymers[4] Shrinkage3 (in/in) Warpage2 (A/D*) Modifier Type Loading Level (%) Nylon 6/6 (PA66) Unmodified 0.015 0.050 Nylon 6/6 (PA66) Glass fiber 10 0.006 0.060 Nylon 6/6 (PA66) Glass fiber 30 0.004 0.270 Nylon 6/6 (PA66) Glass fiber 40 0.003 0.270 Nylon 6/6 (PA66) Carbon fiber 40 0.002 0.200 Nylon 6/6 (PA66) Glass bead 40 0.010 0.008 Nylon 6/6 (PA66) Barium ferrite 80 0.008 0.002 Polyacetal (POM) Glass fiber 30 0.003 0.300 Polypropylene (PP) Glass fiber 30 0.004 0.380 Polypropylene (PP) Glass fiber 30 0.003 0.300 Polycarbonate (PC) Unmodified 0.006 0.001 Polycarbonate (PC) Glass fiber 10 0.003 0.001 Base Polymer Polycarbonate (PC) Glass fiber 30 0.001 0.003 Polycarbonate (PC) Carbon fiber 30 0.0005 0.002 Polystyrene Acryonitrile (SAN) Glass fiber 30 0.005 0.002 Polystyrene Acryonitrile (SAN) Glass bead 30 0.003 0.000 Chemically coupled in diameter × 1/16 thick disk ASTM D955 test bar *A/D is Cup/Diameter, see Fig 11.44 11.7 Angular Warpage Figure 11.45 Molded plaque, including walls with and without gussets, with holes, and with cylindrical shapes.[46] (Courtesy of SPE.) Ch 11: Data © Plastics Design Library 189 Figure 11.46 Bow angle of side wall without gusset vs thickness for unfilled and filled polycarbonate and nylon 6/6.[46] (Courtesy of SPE.) Figure 11.47 Bow angle of front wall with gusset vs thickness for unfilled and filled polycarbonate and nylon 6/6.[46] (Courtesy of SPE.) Notes: Figures 11.46 and 11.47 indicate the effects of fiber reinforcement and gussets on bow angles of the walls of the plaque in Fig 11.45.[46] The angles are measured as deviations from the perpendicular The bowing is caused by the delayed cooling of the inside corner of the mold where the wall meets the main part of the plaque The gusset resists the bending stress caused by the slower-cooling inside corner, thus reducing the bow angle Notice in Figure 11.47 that the gusset reduces the bow angle to less than half the un-gusseted angle Figure 11.48 Hoechst Celanese test plaque, molded of PPS (dimensions in mm).[40] (Courtesy of Hoechst Celanese.) © Plastics Design Library Ch 11: Data 190 Figure 11.49 Measurement points of the Hoechst Celanese test plaque molded of PPS.[40] (Courtesy of Hoechst Celanese.) Notes: Hoechst Celanese ran tests[40] to determine warpage using 40% glass-filled and 65% mineral/glass-filled PPS using the sample part shown in Fig 11.48.[40] Unfortunately, gate location was not specified Figure 11.49 shows the dimensions and points at which measurements were taken Figures 11.50–53 show the test results.[40] As one might expect, the warpage of the 65% mineral/glass-filled material was less than that of the 40% glassfiber-filled material The mineral/glass-filled material has less glass fiber in it than the 40% glass-fiber-filled material The improved warpage characteristics therefore result from two sources First, the aspect ratio of the mineral fill is less than the glass fiber, therefore the anisotropic shrinkage is less Second, the higher fill ratio results in less overall shrinkage These tests give some indication of the variations one might expect when molding a complicated part from PPS Once a mold is built and proven, the molder may expect good consistency from the mold provided he exercises good control over the molding conditions Ch 11: Data © Plastics Design Library 191 Figure 11.50 Warpage with respect to flatness in the Hoechst Celanese test plaque molded of PPS.[40] (Courtesy of Hoechst Celanese.) Figure 11.51 Warpage with respect to roundness of a cylinder in the Hoechst Celanese test plaque molded of PPS.[40] (Courtesy of Hoechst Celanese.) Figure 11.52 Warpage with respect to roundness of a hole in the Hoechst Celanese test plaque molded of PPS.[40] (Courtesy of Hoechst Celanese.) Figure 11.53 Warpage with respect to bowing angle in the Hoechst Celanese test plaque molded of PPS.[40] (Courtesy of Hoechst Celanese.) © Plastics Design Library Ch 11: Data 192 Table 11.6 Dimensional Tests of the Hoechst Celanese Test Plaque Molded of PPS Run at a Variety of Times Over a Ten-Month Period[40] Test Date ¯x (in) σ (in) ó × 100 x (%) 8/10/88 1.9593 0.00016 0.024 8/11/88 9.9593 0.00012 0.017 8/12/88 1.9594 0.00016 0.025 11/17/88 1.9594 0.00016 0.026 11/18/88 1.9593 0.00016 0.025 11/19/88 1.9592 0.00016 0.025 2/27/89 1.9592 0.00024 0.036 2/28/89 1.9591 0.00028 0.043 2/29/89 1.9592 0.00016 0.026 5/29/89 1.9593 0.00020 0.029 5/30/89 1.9593 0.00016 0.022 5/31/89 1.9594 0.00020 0.029 ó × 100 x (%) for days Reproducibility for 10 months 0.022 0.025 Dimension = 1.9593 in ± 0.0006 in (0.030%) 0.035 0.027 Note: The second column is the statistical mean of the measurements The third column is sigma (σ ), the calculated statistical standard deviation of the samples The fourth column is the 3σ accuracy for each day The fifth column is the 3σ accuracy for three consecutive days The last column is the total error range over a ten-month test It is approximately equal to twice the maximum standard deviation for that period Ch 11: Data © Plastics Design Library 193 11.8 General Shrinkage Characteristics for Various Plastics Table 11.7 Nominal Thermoplastic Mold Shrinkage Rates Using ASTM Test Specimens[10] Material ABS Acetal, copolymer HDPE, homopolymer Nylon Nylon 6/6 PBT Polyester Polycarbonate Polyether sulfone Polyether-etherketone Polyetherimide Polyphenylene oxide/PS alloy Polyphenylene sulfide Polypropylene, homopolymer Polystyrene Reinforcement Unreinforced 30% glass-fiber Unreinforced 30% glass-fiber Unreinforced 30% glass-fiber Unreinforced 30% glass-fiber Unreinforced 15% glass-fiber + 25% mineral 15% glass-fiber + 25% beads 30% glass-fiber Unreinforced 30% glass-fiber Unreinforced 10% glass-fiber 30% glass-fiber Unreinforced 30% glass-fiber Unreinforced 30% glass-fiber Unreinforced 30% glass-fiber Unreinforced 30% glass-fiber Unreinforced 40% glass-fiber Unreinforced 30% glass-fiber Unreinforced 30% glass-fiber Average Rate* per ASTM D955 0.125 in 0.250 in (3.18 mm) (6.35 mm) 0.004 0.007 0.001 0.0015 0.017 0.021 0.003 NA 0.015 0.030 0.003 0.004 0.013 0.016 0.0035 0.0045 0.016 0.022 0.006 0.008 0.006 0.008 0.005 0.0055 0.012 0.018 0.003 0.0045 0.005 0.007 0.003 0.004 0.001 0.002 0.006 0.007 0.002 0.003 0.011 0.013 0.002 0.003 0.005 0.007 0.002 0.004 0.005 0.008 0.001 0.002 0.011 0.004 0.002 NA 0.015 0.025 0.0035 0.004 0.004 0.006 0.0005 0.001 *Rates in in/in (Courtesy ICI-LNP) Note: While these data indicate that increasing thickness causes increased shrinkage, parts of greater thickness may not shrink significantly more than indicated for 6-mm thickness because thicker parts often develop voids instead of more shrinkage Gate/runner size and flow direction also influence the above data Usually the shrinkage in the thickness of the part is not of significant interest because the thickness is normally about 1/8 in (3 mm) One study (Fig 11.2) measured the in-mold thickness shrinkage of polypropylene, polyethylene, and polystyrene in an 1/8-in thick tensile test bar The measurements are in microns, each of which is about 40/ 1,000,000 of an inch Time zero is when the plastic separates from the mold wall This starting time will vary depending on the usual variables of gate size, injection pressure, holding pressure, and mold temperature for each material © Plastics Design Library Ch 11: Data 194 Table 11.8 Comparative Mold Shrinkage Values for Flow and Cross Flow (Transverse) Directions Shrinkage Material Flow mil/in Transverse mil/in 5 17-22 Acetal 10% GF Acetal 30% Glass Fiber ABS unreinforced ABS 30% glass filled Shrinkage Material Flow mil/in Cycoloy C1110HF 125 mil (3.2mm) 5-7 16-18 Cycoloy C1200 125 mil (3.2mm) 11 13-18 6-16 Cycoloy C1200HF 125 mil (3.2mm) 5-7 5-7 Acetal 30% Glass Beads 11 Crastin S600F10 NC10PBT 125 mil (3.2mm) 17 Crastin SK602 NC10 PBT 15% GF 125 mil Crastin SK603 NC10 PBT 20% GF 125 mil Crastin SK605 NC10 PBT 30% GF 125 mil Acetal Unfilled Transverse mil/in Delrin 100 NC010 125 mil (3.2mm) 18-21 18-21 16 Delrin 100P NC010 125 mil (3.2mm) 18-21 17-19 12 Delrin 111 NC010 125 mil (3.2mm) 18-21 17-20 11 Delrin 1700P NC010 125 mil (3.2mm) 14-17 15-18 10 Delrin 500 NC010 125 mil (3.2mm) 17-20 18-21 Cycoloy PC/ABS C2800 125 mil (3.2mm) 4-6 4-6 Delrin 500 NC010 125 mil (3.2mm) test bar 23 Cycoloy PC/ABS C6200 125 mil (3.2mm) 4-6 4-6 Delrin 500 NC010 125 mil (3.2mm) plaque 21 15 Cycoloy PC/ABS C2950 125 mil (3.2mm) Cycoloy PC/ABS DSK 125 mil (3.2mm) 4-6 4-6 Delrin 570 NC010 125 mil (3.2mm) 110°C 13 6-8 Delrin 570 NC010 125 mil (3.2mm) 124°C 12 21 Cycoloy PC/ABS GPM4700 125 mil (3.2mm) 5-8 Delrin 900 NC010 125 mil (3.2mm) 17-20 17-20 Cycoloy PC/ABS GPM5500 125 mil (3.2mm) 5-8 18-20 15-17 Cycoloy PC/ABS GPM5600 125 mil (3.2mm) Cycoloy PC/ABS GPM6300 125 mil (3.2mm) 5-8 Delrin 500 AF (20%PTFE) 125 mil (3.2mm) Delrin DE8903 NC010 125 mil (3.2mm) 16 16 Cycoloy PC/ABS IP1000 125 mil (3.2mm) 5-7 Delrin 100, 100P Delrin 500, 500P 21 21 19 20 Delrin 511P, 911P 19 18 Cycoloy PC/ABS LG8002 125 mil (3.2mm) 5-7 Delrin 900P Delrin 1700P 21 10 20 18 Cycoloy PC/ABS LG9000 125 mil (3.2mm) Cycoloy PC/ABS MC1300 125 mil (3.2mm) 5-7 Delrin colors depending on color Cycoloy PC/ABS MC8002 125 mil (3.2mm) 5-7 Cycoloy PC/ABS MC9000 125 mil (3.2mm) 5-7 Delrin 570, 577 Cycoloy PC/ABS MC8800 125 mil (3.2mm) Cycoloy C1000HF 125 mil (3.2mm) 4-6 4-6 Enduran PBT 7062X 125 mil (3.2mm) 5-7 5-7 Cycoloy C1110 125 mil (3.2mm) 5-7 Ch 11: Data 5-8 5-8 5-7 5-7 18-21 17-20 Delrin 500T 18 17 Delrin 100ST Delrin 500AF 13 21 14 15 Delrin CL 19 19 12 8-10 21 11-13 12-14 11-13 7-9 7.5-9.5 Enduran PBT 7065 125 mil (3.2mm) Enduran PBT 7085 125 mil (3.2mm) © Plastics Design Library 195 Table 11.8 (Cont’d.) Shrinkage Material Shrinkage Flow mil/in Transverse mil/in Fortran (PPO) 40% Glass Fiber 1-3 5-7 Fortran (PPO) 65% Mineral/Glass Geloy XP1001 125 mil (3.2mm) 1-2 3-5 Geloy XP2003 125 mil (3.2mm) Geloy XP4025 125 mil (3.2mm) Geloy XP4034 125 mil (3.2mm) 5-7 5-7 Hytrel G3548L 125 mil (3.2mm) Material Flow mil/in Transverse mil/in Noryl HS1000X 125 mil (3.2mm) 5-7 4-6 Noryl N190HX 125 mil (3.2mm) Noryl N190X 125 mil (3.2mm) 5-7 5-7 3-5 Noryl N225X 125 mil (3.2mm) 5-7 5-7 Noryl N300X 125 mil (3.2mm) Noryl PC180X 125 mil (3.2mm) 5-7 5-7 5-7 5-7 Noryl PN235 125 mil (3.2mm) 5-7 5-7 Hytrel 4056 Noryl PX0844 125 mil (3.2mm) 5-7 Hytrel 4069 Noryl PX9406 125 mil (3.2mm) 5-7 5-7 Hytrel G4074 Noryl SE100X 125 mil (3.2mm) 5-7 5-7 Hytrel 4078W Noryl SE1X 125 mil (3.2mm) 5-7 5-7 Hytrel 4556 Hytrel G4774 125 mil (3.2mm) 11 14 Nylon (PA) Nylon (PA) 30% GF 13 3.5 14 4.5 Hytrel 5526 11 Nylon (PA) 66 16-21 15-21 Hytrel G5544 Hytrel 5555 HS 17 13 6 Hytrel 5556 14 Nylon (PA) 66 30% GF Nylon (PA) 66 15% GF 25% Glass Beads Hytrel 6356 Hytrel 6359 FG 16 16 Hytrel 6358 5-7 5-7 PEI 30% GF 16 PET PET 30% GF 18 21 10 Hytrel G7246 125 mil (3.2mm) 16 PC 30% GF Hytrel 7246 Hytrel 7248 17 17 Polycarbonate Unfilled Polycarbonate 10% Glass Fiber 6 Hytrel 8238 18 Polycarbonate 30% Glass Fiber 0.5-1 1-2 Lexan 101/201 125 mil (3.2mm) Lexan 121/221 125 mil (3.2mm) 5-7 5-7 5-7 5-7 Polycarbonate 30% Glass Beads PP 30% GF 3.5 Lexan 131 125 mil (3.2mm) 5-7 5-7 PPO/PS Unreinforced 5 5-7 5-7 5-7 5-7 PPO/PS 30% Glass Fiber Rynite 408 62 mil (1.6mm) 2.1 6.3 Minlon 11C40 NC010 125 mil (3.2mm) 13 Rynite 408 125 mil (13.2mm) 2.0 7.5 Minlon 10B40 NC010 125 mil (3.2mm) 10 Minlon 22C NC010 125 mil (3.2mm) Noryl 30% GF Lexan 141/241 125 mil (3.2mm) Lexan 191 125 mil (3.2mm) Rynite 415HP 62 mil (1.6mm) 2.4 6.7 4.0 2.3 9.5 8.2 10 Rynite 415HP 125 mil (13.2mm) Rynite 520 NC010 20% GF 62 mil (1.6mm) Rynite 520 NC010 20% GF 125 mil (3.2mm) 3.5 Noryl 534 125 mil (3.2mm) 5-7 5-7 7.8 5-7 5-7 Rynite 530 NC010 30% GF 62 mil (1.6mm) 1.8 Noryl 731H 125 mil (3.2mm) Noryl 731 125 mil (3.2mm) 2.5 Noryl GFN1 125 mil (3.2mm) 2-5 Rynite 530 NC010 30% GF 125 mil (3.2mm) Noryl GFN3 125 mil (3.2mm) 1-4 Rynite 530 NC010 30% GF 250 mil (6.4mm) 10 © Plastics Design Library Ch 11: Data 196 Table 11.8 (Cont’d.) Shrinkage Shrinkage Material Material Flow mil/in Transverse mil/in Rynite 530 NC010 30% GF 500 mil (12.7mm) 11 Rynite FR530L NC010 62 mil (1.6mm) 1.6 6.8 Rynite FR530L NC010 125 mil (3.2mm) 2.5 7.5 Rynite FR543 NC010 62 mil (1.6mm) 1.2 4.7 Rynite FR543 NC010 125 mil (3.2mm) 2.0 Rynite 545 NC010 45% GF 62 mil (1.6mm) Flow mil/in Transverse mil/in USI Chemical UE637 14-28 USI Chemical UE630 10-28 USI Chemical UE632 10-28 USI Chemical UE631 10-28 USI Chemical UE633 10-26 USI Chemical UE634 10-30 USI Chemical UE636 10-30 6.5 Valox 195,307,310,311 (PBT) 30-90 mil 9-16 10-17 1.5 6.7 Valox 195,307,310,311 (PBT) 90-180 mil 15-23 16-24 Rynite 545 NC010 45% GF 125 mil (3.2mm) 6-8 6-8 Rynite 545 NC010 45% GF 250 mil (6.4mm) Rynite 545 NC010 45% GF 500 mil (12.7mm) Rynite 555 NC010 55% GF 62 mil (1.6mm) Valox 312 (PBT) 25-60 mil Valox 312 (PBT) 60-125 mil 8-12 8-12 Valox 312 (PBT) 125-180 mil 12-16 12-16 Xenoy 1102 (PC/PBT) 125 mil (3.2mm) 8-10 8-10 1.3 6.6 Xenoy 1200 (PC/PBT) 125 mil (3.2mm) 16-18 Rynite 555 NC010 55% GF 125 mil (3.2mm) Xenoy 1402B (PC/PBT) 125 mil (3.2mm) 9-11 9-11 Rynite FR515 NC010 15% GF 62 mil (1.6mm) 3.4 6.9 Xenoy 1731 (PC/PBT) 125 mil (3.2mm) 5-7 6-8 Rynite FR515 NC010 15% GF 125 mil (3.2mm) 5.0 9.5 Xenoy 1760 (PC/PBT) 125 mil (3.2mm) 4-6 4-6 Rynite FR943 NC010 62 mil (1.6mm) 2.2 5.7 Xenoy 2230 (PC/PBT) 125 mil (3.2mm) 6-9 6-9 Rynite FR943 NC010 125 mil (3.2mm) 2.0 7.5 Xenoy 2735 (PC/PBT) 125 mil (3.2mm) 5-8 SUPEC CTX 301RA 125 mil (3.2mm) 4-6 5-7 Zenite 6330 LPC SUPEC CTX 401 125 mil (3.2mm) 3-5 5-7 SUPEC CTX 530 125 mil (3.2mm) 3-5 5-7 SUPEC CTX 540 125 mil (3.2mm) 2-4 4-6 SUPEC CTX W331 125 mil (3.2mm) 4-6 ULTEM PEI 1000 125 mil (3.2mm) 5-7 ULTEM PEI 1010 125 mil (3.2mm) 5-7 USI Chemical UE635 Ch 11: Data 14-28 Zenite 6130 80 mil thick -0.7 Zenite 6130 40 mil thick -0.7 Zenite 6130 20 mil thick -0.7 Zenite 6330 80 mil thick Zenite 7130 80 mil thick Zenite 7130 40 mil thick -1 Zytel 101 (66) 15 Zytel 151L (612) 11 Zytel 7331F (6) 12 13 Zytel 70G13L (66) 13% GF 12 Zytel 70G33L (66) 33% GF 11 Zytel 70G43L (66) 43% GF 10 © Plastics Design Library 197 Table 11.9 Comparative Mold Shrinkage Values for Flow Direction Only Type Shrinkage (inches/inch) Acetal Semicrystalline 0.018-0.035 EVA Semicrystalline 0.010-0.030 Polybutylene Semicrystalline 0.020 Polypropylene Semicrystalline 0.010-0.030 Polyester 25-50 mil Semicrystalline 0.006-0.012 Polyester 50-100 mil Semicrystalline 0.012-0.017 Polyester 100-180 mil Semicrystalline 0.016-0.022 Polyethylene Semicrystalline 0.015-0.040 PVC flexible Amorphous 0.002-0.004 Polyurethane Amorphous 0.002-0.004 Nylon 6/6 Semicrystalline 0.010-0.025 Nylon Semicrystalline 0.007-0.015 Nylon 6/10 Semicrystalline 0.010-0.025 Nylon 11 Semicrystalline 0.010-0.025 Nylon 12 Semicrystalline 0.008-0.020 Nylon GF Semicrystalline 0.005-0.010 ABS Impact Amorphous 0.004-0.007 ABS Heat Resistant Amorphous 0.004-0.005 ABS Med Impact Amorphous 0.005 Acrylic Amorphous 0.002-0.010 Noryl Amorphous 0.005-0.007 Polycarbonate Amorphous 0.005-0.007 Polystyrene Amorphous 0.002-0.008 PPO Amorphous 0.005-0.008 Polysulphone Amorphous 0.008 PVC rigid Amorphous 0.002-0.004 SAN Amorphous 0.002-0.006 Material © Plastics Design Library Ch 11: Data