Rocks and Soil Unit of Study Wendy Brady Allyson Stine OCI 2006 Rocks and Soil Unit Pre-Test DIRECTIONS: This is a pre-test designed to test your prior knowledge Please read each question carefully and choose the best answer Only one answer is correct so please read all choices before selecting the answer Take your time!! Rocks are made up of A minerals B plants C animals D water Scientists who study the physical properties of rocks to tell how the rocks may have formed years ago are called A biologists B geologists C archeologists D anthropologists The property that refers to the way light bounces off a mineral is called A reflection B refraction C luster D streak Which one of these is not a way to identify rocks? A streak plate B hardness C luster D weight This type of rock is formed when hot, molten rock material has cooled and hardened A igneous B metamorphic C sedimentary D gravel A rock formed from bits or layers of other rocks cemented together is called a A igneous rock B sedimentary rock C metamorphic rock D gravel A rock that has been changed by heat, pressure or both is called a _ A igneous rock B sedimentary rock C metamorphic rock D gravel The never-ending process by which rocks are changed from one type into another is called _ A the water cycle B the soil cycle C the rock cycle D the Earth’s cycle Scientists use clues from these to learn about the past A Animals B plants C soil D fossils 10 Many fossils are found in this type of rock A igneous B metamorphic C gravel D sedimentary 11 Sap can harden into this, trapping insects inside A amber B casts C rock C dirt 12 Which of these body parts is LEAST likely to become a fossil? A feather B bone C shell D tooth 13 A vertical section of soil from the surface down to the bedrock is called a _ A rock profile B picture C soil profile D layers 14 Soil begins to form when this starts to break down A sand B dirt C bedrock D air 15 The rate at which water can pass through a substance is called _ A flow B fast C permeability D slow 16 Humus comes from A bedrock OBSERVE Put four drops of water on each sample After a few minutes, check which sample leaves the biggest wet spot on the newspaper Post-Lab Questions: What kinds of material make up each soil sample? How the particles you sorted in each soil sample compare by size? By color? Describe the properties you observed in each sample Which sample observed the most water? How can you tell? Assessments: For the formative assessment, I will use teacher observation checklist for appropriate lab behavior and participation For the summative assessment, I will assess with a Soil ORQ It’s More Than Just Dirt You have a box with damp soil from under trees in a thick forest A Name TWO living and TWO non-living things that you would expect to find in the soil B Tell how these things happen to be in the soil LESSON # 9: Soil Permeability Objective: Students will perform a lab experiment that relates pore spaces to soil permeability Context: This is the final lesson in this unit of study It will wrap up with teaching the students about pore spaces and permeability Connections: SC-04-2.3.1 Materials: Science journal two-liter bottles cut about five inches above the mouth sandy soil clay soil screen rubber band water PROCEDURE: Guided Practice: Lead the discussion about the types of soil we saw in the previous lab experiment This lesson will focus on pore spaces and permeability The students will perform an experiment to demonstrate this process Pre-lab questions: What are we studying? What materials I need for this experiment/activity? What is the procedure for this experiment/activity? What I expect to happen? (My hypothesis?) Concept Development: Discuss these important vocabulary terms: Pore Spaces—the space between soil particles Water and air fill these spaces Permeability—is the rate at which water can pass through a porous material Discuss the importance of soil permeability Independent Practice: Lab Procedure: Take the two bottles and cover the opening with the screen Use the rubber band to hold in place Fill one bottle half-way up with sandy soil Hold the container over a measuring cup of water Slowly pour one cup of water over the soil and start timing When water drops begin to “hang” record the total time Determine the amount of water left in the soil Record your findings Repeat the same procedure for the clay-rich soil in the other container Post-Lab Questions: Which soil did the water pass through more quickly? Which soil allowed more water to pass? Can you relate your findings to soil texture? Assessment: For the formative assessment, I will use a student checklist to help with following the lab procedure For the formative assessment, I will use the Think and Write Questions below Think and Write Questions: Sam grows tomatoes on his land year after year Each year he gets fewer and smaller tomatoes than the year before Why you think this is happening? What you think Sam should do? What is soil made of? Is soil different at different depths below the surface? Explain What are pore spaces? What they hold? Multiple Intelligence Contract To end our unit of study on Rocks and Soil, I decided to take a different approach to assessing what you have learned This is called a Multiple Intelligence Contract and here is how it works You need to read over all the assignments You will choose one of the assignments to complete It will be your final grade for this unit of study Once you have chosen your assignment, the contract needs three signatures: the student, the parent, and the teacher This becomes a binding document, which means you have now agreed that this is the assignment you are going to complete and cannot change your mind So, read over the choices carefully and think about which one of the assignments would best suit your personality No matter which assignment you choose, you will be required to present it to the class ACTIVITIES ART Create a soil painting (specific instructions will be given) _ Make a necklace out of stones, pebbles or rock _ Create a mosaic art piece using stones, pebbles or rock _ MUSIC Create a song about Rocks and Soil Lyrics must be original, _ but can use music of a popular song SOCIAL STUDIES Research Report: Research states from different areas of the country _ Find out what the soil is like in each state and what crops are grown there Write a 1-2 page report about your findings Research Report: Research to find what types of fossils have been _ found in your state? Use the local library or Internet for help Write a 1-2 page research report WRITING Write a story that includes the creation or discovery or a fossil _ Describe the fossil and the plant or animal that made it Write a story Someone in the story should use a rock or mineral _ in some way HEALTH Write down healthy foods you eat that are grown in soil Find out _ the three main nutrients in each of these foods? Do the five foods have nutrients in common? What might this mean? MATH Create a math worksheet that includes graphs, tables, and word problems _ All the problems should relate to rocks and soil See page C15 in the book For examples Once you have chosen the assignment you want to complete for this task, put a check mark on the line You must now take this paper home to talk it over with your parents If they approve of the assignment, then both of you need to sign the contract Return it to me and then I will sign Once I have signed it, you have exactly one week to complete the assignment MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCE CONTRACT Student Signature: _ Parent/Guardian Signature: Teacher Signature: Today’s Date: Due Date: _