Cac em hoc sinh than men! Cho du viec d8 theo hirong md da ap dung cho mon Ngu van tu nhieu nam nay, nhung doi voi phan Ion hoc sinh, thirc hien mot dS bai theo huong md nhu the nao cho dat diem cao van luon la mot thu thach Cuon sach tap hop nhiing de bai va nhirng bai lam van tieu bieu theo huong md an chua nhirng bi quyet giup cac em vum qua thu thach mot each ngoan muc nhat Vi noi quyen sach an chira nhiing bi quyet cho cac em? Bdi trudc h6t voi cuon sach nay, cac em se duoc co xat vdi nhieu dang dh md, vdi rk nhieu tinh huong dat ra, tu nhiing tinh huong ciia ddi s6ng xa hoi dSn nhirng tinh huong cua van hoc Nhimg van de ciia ddi song duoc dua de cac em ban luan, deu rat gan gui va thiet thuc Chuyen mot nha bac hoc len mat kieu ngao ve kien thiic triet hoc uyen tham vdi mot ngudi lai dang chd minh qua song, nhung thuyen bi gio Idn lat iip, thi von chir nghia cao sieu ay lai khong ciru duoc ong chi vi ong khong biet bod Chuyen tam sir cira mot hoc sinh Idp 12 trudc chia tay thai hoc sinh va dang bd ngd trudc ngudng ciia cuoc ddi Chuyen mot cau be tuoi d Nhat song sot sau song than khiing khiip da tij choi nhan suat luong kho sdm hon moi ngudi, kien nhan dgi x6p hang din luot minh theo diing thir tu Nhijng tinh hu6ng van hoc duac neu cuon sach cung rat mdi la, cd kha nang khai ggi tri tuxyng tirpng va kha nang sang tao ciia ngudi lam bai Tinh huong anh chang Tnrong Sinh (trong Chuyen ngudi gdi Nam Xuong) dung tren ben song Hoang Giang, noi ngudi vg hien thao vi cai ghen mii quang ciia ma phai tram minh chung minh sir chung thuy Anh ta se nghi gi? Tinh huong so sanh hai bi kjch ciia hai ngudi nghe sT: bi kich ciia kien true su Vu Nhu To vd kich ciing ten ciia Nguyen Huy Tudng vdi bi kich ciia nha van Ho truyen ngan Ddi thua ciia Nam Cao Cac em se duwc co xat v6i 50 tinh huong nhir the Co the noi, nhung nguoi dh d day da c6 gSng ch§t loc cuoc song va van hoc nhung tinh huong rit hay, rk hip din va giau y nghla nhan van de cho cac em c6 the thoa siic the hien quan diem, sir sang tao ciia minh Ciing voi dieu do, d moi tinh huong md nhu tren, cac em lai c6 mot hudng dan lam bai ciaa ngirdi de het sue cu the, giup cac em huy dong nhieu nhat, trung nhat von kien thuc xa hoi va van hoc da tich luy dmyc de thyc hien bai viet ciia minh mot each sang ro va thuydt phuc nhat Con dieu n&a cung khong kem phan hap dan, la cuon sach gidi thieu cho cac em 43 bai van theo hudng md tieu bieu ciia cac ban d nhiSu tinh thanh, viang mien Moi bai van la mot each dien dat, the hien mot v6n hieu biSt rieng, nhung c6 diSm chung la cac ban deu da the hien dugc k l nang lam bai van md theo cac mijc tir thao d6n rSt thao va nhuln nhuyln Day la nhimg vi du dien hinh giiip cac em c6 tu- lieu "muc sd thi" de tij tu rut mot ki nang lam bai van md cho rieng minh Cac em than men, '•Of,, Mi' mot: D E BAI VA GOI Y LAMBAI •X Nhijng d l bai va bai lam van duwc tuyen vao cu6n sach phan Idn la nhiing dt bai va bai lam tieu bieu du thi Cuoc thi de va viet van theo humg mo ciia Tap chi Van hoc va Tudi tre - cuoc thi bat dau til nam 2011 va dang dune dong dao cac thay c6 giao, cac ban hoc sinh soi ndi tham gia Chinh vi the, noi dung sach c6 tin cay, ndng hoi hoi thd ciia thirc tien day - hoc Ngir van va c6 kha nang ung dung cao vao viec lam bai ciia chinh cac em cac ki thi va kiem tra danh gia Chuc cac em dat diem that cao vdi nhung bai van md va sau luon dat cuoc song vdi kha nang tu sang tao, bidt chii dong, linh boat trudc moi tinh huong, bi6t the hien quan diem rieng ciia minh mot each thuyet phuc nhlt Do chinh la muc dich ma cu6n sach hudng tdi ir TS Nguyen Van Tung ' mxiQ Co tich giita doi thieong ; - Xac dinh kieu bai: ty sy - ke chuyen doi thuong ' - Ve noi dung: + Nguoi viet ke lai cau chuyen diin cuoc s6ng hang ngay: a gia dinh, truong lop, lang xom, duong ph6, b6n tau, b6n xe, cong vien, benh vien Nhimg cau chuyen "dep" nhu CO tich Do CO the la nhiing hanh dong, nghia cu cao dep, la long bao dung nhan ai, la nghi luc vuon len cuoc s6ng Do CO the la nhung bSt nga (may mSn) hoa giai dugc nhimg uan khuc, nhimg tran tra cuoc doi (nhu: n6i oan dircrc giai, tim dugc l6i thoat khoi be tac cho ban than, tim lai dugc le s6ng, nilm tin ) Do CO the la nhihig cuoc gap ga, cuoc "tao ngo" day y nghia (gap dugc thay dugc thu6c chua benh, gap dugc "than tuwng", gap lai d6ng doi, gap lai nguoi than bi luu lac ) Do CO the la nhCrng khat khao "ma dugc uac thSy" hien hihi giO-a cuoc doi, lap lanh gia trj nhan van Do CO the la nhung chuyen oai oam, tra treu dugc giai quyet "c6 hau" (' + Cau chuyen ke phai c6 y nghia, gui gSm dugc mot thong diep nhat dinh, huong nguoi doc toi nhung gia tri: chan - thien - mi - V8 ki nang: + Truyen phai c6 b6 cue ro rang; c6 cot truyen, nhan vat, su viec + Co th6 chgn ngoi ke thu nhit hoac ngoi ke thir ba, c6 the k6t hgp ca hai ngoi ke mot each linh boat ^ , , + Co the ke theo trinh tu thdi gian (tu nhien) hoac dan xen giiia qua khii - hien tai - tuang lai theo dung y nghe thuat ciia nguoi viet + KSt hgp nhuSn nhuyen cac y6u to: mieu ta, bieu cam, nghi luan * Luu y: r -r-u •>• + Truyen ke cln c6 tinh hu6ng doc dao bdt nga, nhiSu tinh tiet hip din, loi ke, loi thoai phii hgp voi "khong truyen" + Dam bao tinh "doi thuong" chan that ca ve noi dung va dien dat (VH&TT s6 thdng 5+6 - 2011) '•'ii' , 1.: J SI/ ,' Hoa sen cuoc binh chon quoc hoa - Thang - 2011, cuoc binh chgn qu6c hoa cua nuac ta da di8n niSm don chao nhiet cua tat ca quoc dan Biet bao loai hoa dep cua moi mien dugc xdp vao danh sach "Ung cu vien sang gia" Nhung 16i binh luan, phan tich; nhimg y kien danh gia soi xet duoi nhiSu goc nhin dugc dua so sanh va tranh luan soi noi Cu6i cung, hoa sen da "chign thSng" va chinh thuc tra qu6c hoa cua dat nuac Viet Nam - T u su kien tren c6 the god cho nguoi vi6t n h i l u y tuong de lua chon kieu bai: c6 the la tu su, mieu ta, bieu cam, thuySt minh hoac nghi luan ' v u: • „r * M o t so yeu cau ca ban: • - Neu ro dugc ve dep rieng, sue hap dan, nhung y nghia cua hoa sen: :•• > • Jn; + Hoa sen mang ve dep tuoi tSn, m i m mai tu nhien A Ve kl nang + Hoa sen tugng trung cho nhimg pham chat cao dep cua nguoi - Hoc sinh xac dinh day la kieu de van theo huong mo, can phat + La de tai sang tac cho thi ca, nhac, hoa, dieu khSc i'^- + Trong tiem thii-c cua nguoi dan Viet: noi toi hoa sen - nghi toi que huong Bac Ho kinh yeu - nghi toi cau ca quen thugc: Thdp Mudi dep nhdt bong sen ••f n buy tinh sang tao viec chon each the hien trinh bay bai viet dan Viet Nam: gian di, tao , Tiing trdng tneong cudi nam Viet Nam dep nhdt CO ten Bdc Ho Hoa sen - Bac Ho - Viet Nam: mot su lien tuong dep, giau y - Nen van dung phuong thuc bieu cam la chii yeu - Bai v i i t phai the hien dugc nhimg rung dgng chan thanh, van phong troi chay, bo cue chat che ^ B Ve kiSn thik * Sau day la mot so y hgc sinh c6 the tham khao: - Cam nhan chung v6 tiSng trdng truong cu6i nam hgc - T u nhijng rung cam ciia ban than nghe tieng than thugc: nghia - Bai vidt c6 b6 cue ro rang, biSt k i t hgp t6t cac phugng thiic bieu dat, biet lien ket van ban mach lac, luu loat - Lua chon van phong phii hgp v6i kieu bai, v6i quan diem, thong + Tieng khai giang nam hgc moi + TiSng tr6ng thugng nhat mgi den truong (tieng vao hgc, choi, thi cu ) - D i n nhung cam xiic dac biet tiing tr6ng truong cuoi nam dgi ve: diep ma nguoi vidt mu6n bay to - Bai viet can the hien dugc su sang tao, c6 diu in rieng, c6 sue + Tac dgng dSn tarn trang cu6i sao? (nhat la voi nhimg hgc sinh lop 12 sip xa truong) lay dgng, thuyit phuc nguoi doc + TiSng tr6ng nhu l o i chia tay, 16i nhSn nhu bao hgc tro vimg tin ^ ^ (VH&TT so thdng 7+8+9 - 2011) vao tuong lai - T i i n g tr6ng truong cu6i nam de lai long moi the he hgc tro nhiing cam xuc, ggi lai nhirng k i niem khong the nao quen • A V l ki nang * - Day la dang d l ma nen ngiroi viet c6 the ty lya chon kieu van ban thich hop voi kha nang; tii trinh bay suy nghi, quan diem, nhan thuc cua minh v8 hai doan van tren, khuySn khich nguoi vi6t c6 nhan thuc bhng thuc t6 cuoc song trai nghiem cua minh B vl kien thik ^xr^v -.-xh \:«;i„ y /v ^^^^ - Hieu dugc v i n d l ca ban cua hai doan van: phan anh thoi v6 cam, tho a cua ngurn xa hoi Doc hai doan van sau: ' ' ' ''' ', - Nhan thuc cua nguoi viet ve thoi v6 cam, tha a '' + Hieu dugc the nao la thoi v6 cam, tha a? * 'To/ ddt em khoi lap Nhiiu thdy cd ngung gidng bdi, di ngai + Bi6u hien cua thoi v6 cam, tha a: Neu mot vai dan chimg minh nhin theo chung toi Ra khoi trudng, toi kinh ngqc thdy moi ngudd vdn hoa nhu thay nguoi bi nan ma khong cihi minh c6 kha nang di lai binh thuang vd nang vdn vdng worn trum len cdnh vat." cuu, chay nha hang x6m ma chay hoi cua, hay tuc ngu c6 cau '"^ ' (Khdnh Hodi, Cuoc chia tay cila nhung blip be, Ngitvdn 7, tap mot, NXB Gido due, 2005) "Den nha ai, nha Sy rang" KhSng dinh day la thoi quen xau, khong nen c6 a moi nguoi Doan 2: - Ban v8 tac hai cua thoi v6 cam, tha a: "Sdng hom sau, tuyet vdn phu kin mat ddt, nhung mat trai len, + V6 cam la nguy ca cho xa hoi loai nguoi, lam mat di loi song sdng, chdi chang tren bhu trdi xanh nhm Moi nguai vui ve khoi nhd Ngdy mbng mot ddu ndm hien len tren thi thi em be ngdi giita nhimg bao diem, cd mot bao dd hit nhan Moi nguai dao dire, nhan nghia cua dan toe, nhan loai lau + Lam mat tinh than doan k i t , tinh thin tuong trg, thuang nguoi nhu the thuong than cua nguoi „, , ;„ bdo nhau: "Chdc no muSn suai cho dm!", nhung chang biSt nhimg - Mo rong van de: cdi ki dieu em dd thdy, nhdt Id cdnh huy hodng luc hai bd chdu + Ca nggi loi s6ng dung din: quan tam den noi dau, kho khan cua bay len di don Idy nhitng niem vui ddu ndm." , ^,i ,J ' ' ' nguoi khac v6n la pham chit t6t dep the hien su bao dung, nhan (An-dec-xen, Co be ban diem, Ngitvdn 8, tap mot, ,,v NXB Gido due, 2005) Suy nghi cua em vi hai doan vdn tren .• - i ^ cua nguoi Neu mot vai vi du nhu gay quy tir thien giup cac ban hoc sinh ngheo vugt kho, iing ho d6ng bao bi lu lut, thien tai + Xac dinh thai s6ng dung dSn cho ban than tap the, cong nrj ' • d6ng; the hien niSm tin vao tuong lai tot dep ciia xa hoi., '-Ml.;: (11 'Tt^ ^dc ^ac '• *' • Ma bdi - "Tha la dieu Hon di tim nhung tam Hon dong dieu" V i the cac nha tha dii d thai dai nao, dan toe nao, dat nuac nao eiing de ngan len nhimg cung bac cam xuc "d6ng dieu", ket tinh nhiing doa hoa tha dep - Han ba tram nam truac, Nguyen Du, mot dai thi hao dan toe da khoc thuong cho nang Tieu Thanh, mot kiep hong nhan, bac menh cua dat nuac Trung Hoa qua Doc Tiiu Thanh ki - Gan ba tram nam sau, Thanh Thao, mot nha tha hien dai lai xuc dong, nguang mo truae so phan nghiet nga va nhan each cao dep cua Gar-xi-a Lor-ca qua bai tha Ve bai tha Doc Tiiu Thanh ki (Nguyin ciia Lor-ca (Thanh Thdo) Du) vd bdi tha Dan ghi ta £)aAz e/z/to CMa Lor-cfl - Hai bai tha, mot n6i long, la nhung doa hoa tha dep vuan hoa tha ea ciia dan toe Than bdi - Hoan eanh sang tac: + Doc Tiiu Thanh ki: theo mot so nha nghien cihi, Nguyen Du viet A Ve k i l n thik - Hoc sinh can nam vung dac trung tha trung dai, tha hien dai; tha tuOTig tnmg, sieu thirc - Co kiSn thu-c v6 hai bai tha Doc Tiiu Thanh Dan ghi ta cua Lor-ca (Thanh Thao) (Nguyin Du) va Doc Tiiu Thanh ki ong di sir Trung Quoe, nghia la Nguyen Du da trai qua cuoc doi dau be, tan mii chung kien noi kh6 dau cua nguoi S6ng nhu mot ngudi dan thudng giiJa the gian, nhd the, N g u y i n Du cam thong sau xa voi moi kiep ngudi, dac biet la ngudi phu nu ; i i + Thanh Thao viet Dan ghi ta cua Lor-ca nhung "rSu rau" d trai sang tac Quan khu Nam, Da Nlng, nam 1979 Thuc hinh anh Lor-ca da s6ng tam tri tac gia X\x nhung nam 1970 nen bai tha dirge viSt rii nhanh va nhan dirge sir d6ng cam cua nhieu ban tha - Diem giong nhau: + Thanh Thao, tir tinh thucmg, sy cam thong vdi s6 phan nghiet nga ciia Lor-ca ma khang dinh niSm tin vao sue song bat diet cua tieng dan Lor-ca (phan tich) + Nguyin Du su dung the tha that ngdn bat cii, hinh anh tha cd tinh chat ude le, tugng trung, loi ddi chat che (phan tich) + Thanh Thao su dung the tha tu do; hinh anh tha chiu anh humig + Hai bai tha duge vi8t d hai thoi diem khac nhung eiing huang ve mot de tai: tai hoa bac menh tha tugng trung, sieu thuc (am duge mieu ta bang hinh anh); cau Tieu Thanh, mot nguoi gai tai sSc, lay le mot nguoi d Hang Chau, tinh Chi8t Giang, bi vg ca ghen hit d tren nui Co San Bu6n kho CO dan, nang lam benh ch8t muoi tam tuoi Tap tha nang de lai cung bi ngudi vg ca ghen d6t di qua nghe thuat) Lor-ca (1898 - 1936), mot nha tha Idn, c6 nhan each cua dSt nude Tay Ban Nha, ngudi da hat len bSng tha tiSng hat tir do, dan chu va sue song manh liet ciia dan tgc minh Lor-ca da bi chinh quySn phat xit Phrang-c6 sat hai, thu tieu mii xac + Hai bai tha eiing eo chung mot cam xuc: thuang cam cho mot kiep ngirdi, mot so phan Nguyen Du thuang nang Tieu Thanh tai sSc ma "Niia chung xudn thodt gay cdnh thien huang" (phan tich hai cau d l , hai cau thirc) Thanh Thao cam thuang cho Lor-ca, ngudi nghe sT dan doe hanh trinh dSu tranh cho tu dan chu, nhung lai cd sd phan nghiet nga (phan tich hai khd dau) + Nguyen Du va Thanh Thao d8u cd su tran va ngudng mo tai nang ciia Tieu Thanh va Lor-ca (phan tich) -I- Coi ngudn cua sir cam thong ay la tinh yeu thuang, eai gdc nhan dao cua mdi nha tha - Diem khac biet: tha giau nhae tinh, eac chu dlu ddng khdng vi8t hoa (phan tich hieu + Coi ngudn ciia su khac biet: dac trung ciia van ehuang; ca tinh sang tao ciia ngudi nghe si - Nhan xet, danh gia: + Hai bai tha cd su tuang ddng va khac biet -I- Su tuang ddng v l noi dung, phan anh tu tudng nhan van cua thdi dai -I- Su khac biet v8 noi dung, nghe thuat phan anh nhimg ddng gdp mdi me va su sang tao ciia ngudi nghe si Kit hai iff - Hai bai tha ddi each hang the ki nhung d8u la tieng ndi ciia nhirng trai tim nhan dao Idn { o««o r - Tiing ndi cua NguySn Du Boc Tieu Thanh ^^la tiSng ndi ciia mot nha tha "cd mSt nhin xuyen sau coi va tam long nghi sudt d6n nghin ddi", tidng ndi cua Thanh Thao Ban ghi ta cua Lor-ca la tidng ndi ciia mot eon ngudi ludn danh mdi quan tam dac biet cho nhirng ngudi cd nghia khi, cd nhan each sang ngdi, nhung sd phan lai ngang trai nen d l gap su tri am, ddng dieu d ngudi doc j -I- Nguyen Du tu thuang ngudi ma hudng den thuang minh; coi minh la ngudi eiing hoi eiing thuyen vdi Tieu Thanh va giri niSm ban khoan den hau the (phan tich) > • -,-1;-,,, , ,•,,!•( ,' • : i'21 y "Vdca 'me " - Loi canh bao: Dieu gi xay vai dat tuc la xay vol nguai Thuc tS tai nguyen thien nhien dang bi khai thac can kiet, moi truang bi nhilm, lu lut, han han I ? - Y thuc bao ve moi truang tu nhien: Bao ve dat la bao ve chinh minh Con nguai muon ton tai phai dua vao thien nhien {YH&TTso 11 - 20U) Van ban Birc thw cua thu link da khep lai la lai cua thu link ' "I Xi-at-ton not vai Tdng thong thu 14 cua nuac Ml Phreng-klin Pi-a-xa: 'V.n "> li r.f;' "Ddt Id Me Dieu gi xdy vai ddt dai tuc Id xdy doi vai nhitng dua cua Ddt Con nguai chua biet Idm tS di song, nguai gidn don Id mot sai ta cdi to song md thoi Dieu gi nguai Idm cho tS song do, tuc Id Idm cho chinh minh " (Ngu van 6, tap hai, NXB Gido due, 2004) Suy nghi cua em ve lai noi tren Nguai Viet Nam De bai yeu cau ngirai viet bay to suy nghT cua minh ve loi noi cua thu ITnh ngucri da vai vi Tong thong thii 14 cua nuoc MT, nuac Ml ngo y muon mua dat cua nguai da Hoc sinh c6 the ty lira chon kieu van ban, tu trinh bay suy nghT cua minh, tich hop von Tren day chi la dS tai can the hien Hoc sinh c6 thd lira chpn kieu hieu biet tij van hoc, tu cuoc s6ng, tu cac kenh thong tin khac miln van ban va phuang thirc bieu dat thich hop nhat de the hien de tai Co phii hop the k8t hop nhuan nhuyen cac phuang thuc bieu dat de lam cho bai Sau day la mot so y mang tinh chSt dinh huong: van hay han - Dat la ba me thien nhien hiln tu, bao dung che chd, cung c§p "Nguai Viet Nam" la mot de tai rong nen hoc sinh khong nhat cho nguai nhung thu can thiet cuoc song Dat yeu thuang, thiet bao quat het van de tren moi khia canh ma nen tap trung vao dum boc moi diia cua minh nhirng van de cot loi, tam, noi troi, phan anh ro net hinh anh r : - Nguai va Dat c6 quan he gan ket (Me - Con), khong the tach roi, nguai Viet Nam truac ban be qu6c t6 Bai van c6 tinh chat ban la quan he cong sinh giua nguai vai moi truang luan, nggi ca la chu yeu j Hoc sinh c6 the trien khai de tai theo mot nhimg huong sau: - Hinh anh ngircri Viet Nam chien dau bao ve To qu6c va xay dung kien thiet dat nuac - Hinh anh ngudi Viet Nam ddi thyc va hinh tugng nghe thuat - Hinh anh ngudi Viet Nam dugc nhin nhan qua cai nhin chii quan ciia ngudi viet den nhin nhan ciia ban be the gidi v.v Bai viet hay la bai vi6t c6 cam xiic chan thuc, xuSt phat tij- long ty hao dan toe; c6 cai nhin toan dien, sau sac, lac quan ve vi the ngudi Viet Nam; khai quat dune nhimg net rat rieng, rat dep ciia ngum Viet Nam da trd bi6u tugng long ban be quoc te {VH& TT s6 thdng 7+8+9 - 2011) - Bieu hien cai nhin chu quan cua nha van trudc cuoc ddi - hinh tugng nhan vat it nhieu phang phit bong dang cai toi tac gia - Huong tdi kham pha va the hien nhimg gi doc dao, khac thudng, ki la • •' v ; , ; ; ' ^/ b Yeu cm su dung nghe thuat mieu ta tuong phan: - Hieu qua ciia mieu ta tuong phan: lam ndi bat dac diem ciia tung ddi tugng, gay an tugng manh me - phii hop vdi yeu cau ciia sang tac lang man ' '' '•"^•^ - Trd bien phap nghe thuat dac thii ciia sang tac lang man Phan tich nghe thuat mieu ta turnig phan hai tac phsun: a Diem chung: a Deu phat hien va mieu ta sir ddi lap giiia tinh each va hoan canh: - Chit ngudi tit td: 7^^4e t^udt mce , ;! ! , > (^t/ Bi kick cua Vu Nhu To (Vu (Dai thua - Nam ^1,1 Diem chung: C&UtfiK Tt^WfiK Nhir To ItH - TP VuiUK} - Nguyin Huy Tuang) vd Ho Cao) - Nguyen nhan cua bi kich: mau thuln giua khat vong nghe thuat Ion lao dep de va thuc t8 va mong khat vong khong the thuc hien duxyc - Bieu hien cua bi kich: thyc t6 va ca each nhin, each nghi ciaa nguoi nghe si + Cach nhin, each nghi: ca hai dSu dat rit nhilu ki vong va luon nghi ve y nghia thieng lieng, t6t dep cua tac pham nghe thuat d6i voi cuoc song, voi dat nuoc, voi dan toe, giong noi + Thyc tS: Cuu Tmng Dai ma Vu Nhu To xay bSng tai nang, tam huyet da bi dot pha mot dong tro tan, tac pham tam huydt mot doi cua Ho khong bao gia hoan ndi - Tac dong cua bi kich: tao tam li dau kho, tuyet vong cho nguoi nghe sT Y nghia cua bi kich: phan anh nhung tran tro cua tang lop tri thiic tidn bo dumig thai, dat v^n d8 ve trach nhiem va m6i quan he giua nghe thuat va cuoc song, giua nghe sT voi nhan dan tvir - Mang doi s6ng dugc khai thac: + Vinh biet Citu Trung Dai: giai doan lich su cuoi trieu Le doi vua Le Tuang Due (1516 - 1517) vai nhung bien c6 dir doi cua xa hoi + Dai thua: doi song cua tang lap tri thuc ngheo truofc Cach mang thang Tam nam 1945 - Sy phat hien va huong trien khai bi kich: + Vinh biet Cm Trung Dai: Phat hien mau thuan giiia ting lop thong tri xa hoa, truy lac va quan chung nhan dan khon kho, lam than, giira khat vong nghe thuat cao sieu, thuan cda nguoi nghe si voi Igi ich thiet thyc va tryc ti8p ciia nhan dan Nhimg mau thuan phat sinh va phat trien xoay quanh viec xay Ciiu Triing Dai Cihi Trung Dai cang nguy nga, trang le cang khien doi song nhan dan kh6n kho, ISm than Cmx Trung Dai cang gin den hoan cang khien cho cac mau thuan tra nen gay gat Ket cue la nhan dan n6i len theo quan khai loan gidt chet bao chua, bSt Vu Nhu To, Dan Thi6m va d6t pha Ciru Triing Dai Cai dep ban tay nghe sT tao nen bi pha huy, gilc mong nghe thuat tan va, nguoi tri ki va tinh tri ki mit, ban than nhan dan cung khong dugc Igi loc gi tir sy viec - Trong xung dot nay, nguoi nghe si von c6 tu tuang tien bo, c6 hoai bao Ian lao, c6 tai nang xuSt chung song xa roi thyc te, ao tuang da roi vao bi kich + Dai thua: Phat hien mau thuln giua li tuang nghe thuat va thyc t6 sang tac, giua le song tinh thuang voi thyc te phan boi le song tinh thuong Hai mau thuan khong ton tai doc lap ma c6 quan he hiju CO voi Chinh nhung bijc bach cuoc s6ng da pha huy gilc mong nghe thuat, chinh nhimg lo ISng tun miin ve vat chat da bop nghet thu sang tao va pha huy nhung dieu tot dep tam hon ^ : ^ W;