500 BÀI TẬP TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 UNIT 6 COMPETITORS A. MULTIPLE CHOICES: I/ Select the synonym of the following bold and underlined word in each sentence in the unit: 1/ Do you like taking part in the competitions like these? A. rivalries B. contests C. rivals D. races 2/ Is winning the most important thing in a competition? A. significant B. powerful C. dynamic D. critical 3/ Last Saturday the representatives of three classes of my school took part in the annual final English Competition organized by our English teachers. A. ombudsmen B. appointees C. delegates D. agents 4/ Its aim was to stimulate the spirit of learning English among students. A. hope B. wish C. root D. target 5/ The competition was sponsored by the Students’ parents Society. A. financed B. finished C. limited D. tested 6/ Mrs. Lien, our English teacher, explained the competition’s rules to the students. A. powers B. courses C. events D. regulations 7/ Each group must complete five activities in all. A. loosen B. fulfill C. realize D. mature 8/ The judges will observe and score your performance. A. say B. keep C. notice D. celebrate 9/ At the end of the competition the judges will announce the total score of each group. A. justices B. referees C. experts D. arbitrators 10/ The winner will be awarded a set of CDs for studying English and an Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary. A. assigned B. bestowed C. settled D. extended II/ Select the antonym of the following bold and underlined word in each sentence in the unit: 1/ Do you like taking part in the competitions like these? A. remove B. hate C. disappear D. rub 2/ Is winning the most important thing in a competition? A. insignificant B. powerless C. unstable D. passive 3/ Last Saturday the representatives of three classes of my school took part in the annual final English Competition organized by our English teachers. A. soon B. second C. first D. early 4/ Its aim was to stimulate the spirit of learning English among students. A. kill B. ignore C. suppress D. destroy 5/ The judges will observe and score your performance. A. ignore B. throw C. cast D. shoot 6/ At the end of the competition the judges will announce the total score of each group. A. last B. first C. low D. partial 7/ They quickly read the questions and tried to find out the answers. A. lately B. gradually C. late D. hard 8/ But in Activity 5, Hung had difficulty reciting the poem. A. ease B. lack C. dislike D. nothing 9/ He could not remember the last sentence. A. lose sight of B. get lost in C. be short of D. have interest in 10/ The felt a little bit disappointed. A. lucky B. excited C. satisfied D. joyful 1 500 BÀI TẬP TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 III/ Choose the best answer A, B, C or D for each sentence: 1/ The policemen _______ get a prize for their information. A. inform B. informers C. information D. informational 2/ It’s said that tents come in _______ shapes and sizes. A. vary B. variety C. various D. variously 3/ We know that she is in a much _______ mood than usual. A. well B. good C. better D. best 4/ That little girl just sat in the room giggling like a naughty _______. A. schoolchild B. school day C. school house D. schooling 5/ His teacher’s explanation certainly sounded _______. A. belief B. believe C. believer D. believable 6/ That guy asked to be put under police _______. A. protect B. protected C. protection D. protective 7/ _______, our younger brothers will arrive before dark. A. Hope B. Hopeful C. Hopefully D. Hopefulness 8/ They announce that the weather is very _______ at this time of year. A. change B. changed C. changeable D. changeless 9/ One of them had _______ left that window open. A. care B. careless C. carelessness D. carelessly 10/ He likes most sports but badminton is his first _______. A. love B. lover C. lovely D. loveless IV/ Choose the correct words to complete the sentences: 1/ There were signs _______ of fog as soon as we got onto the motorway. A. warn B. warning C. warned D. to warn 2/ I'd strongly _______ against making a sudden decision. A. advise B. to advise C. advising D. advised 3/ Candidates who are successful in the written test _______ for an interview. A. shall be invited B. should be invited C. will be invited D. would be invited 4/ He's everything you'd ever ______ in a man - bright, funny and attractive. A. want B. to want C. wanting D. have wanted 5/ _______ (you) the truth, I didn't understand a word of what he was saying. A. Tell B. To tell C. Have told D. Tells 6/ _______ you _______ Paul about dinner on Saturday? A. Will … remind B. Could … remind C. Have … reminded D. Do … remind 7/ _______ me (that) you _______ him. A. Promise … won't tell B. Promise … wouldn't tell C. Promising … won't tell D. To promise … wouldn't tell 8/ My father and I _______ about very much. A. don't agree B. didn't agree C. haven't agreed D. aren't agreeing 9/ She ______ a question about Welsh history this morning. A. asks B. asked C. had asked D. has asked 10/ I _______ bad that I _______ them any food. A. felt … don't offer B. felt … didn't offer C. feel … don't offer D. feel … didn't offer V/ Choose the word whose underlined part has a different pronunciation from the others in each group: 2 500 BÀI TẬP TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 1/ A. excursion B. information C. occasion D. pronunciation 2/ A. wonder B. perio d C. fro m D. of 3/ A. site B. kilo C. wri te D. pi ne 4/ A. va rious B. ba nk C. ha ve D. exa m 5/ A. forest B. tell C. he lp D. never 6/ A. city B. sorry C. my D. early 7/ A. dear B. hear C. near D. bear 8/ A. goo d B. foo t C. noo n D. coo k 9/ A. u nder B. lotu s C. perfu me D. ju st 10/ A. worked B. matched C. placed D. ended VI/ Choose the word whose main stress is placed differently from the others in each group: 1/ A. excursion B. occasion C. protective D. factory 2/ A. number B. recent C. problem D. enjoy 3/ A. mountain B. relax C. campfire D. cheaply 4/ A. wonder B. picture C. only D. event 5/ A. various B. however C. together D. computer 6/ A. waterfall B. botanic C. suitable D. photograph 7/ A. different B. protective C. refreshment D. condition 8/ A. conclusion B. pagoda C. occupy D. delicious 9/ A. terminal B. convenient C. digital D. camera 10/ A. resume B. perfume C. invent D. believe VII/ Match the words in column A with their synonyms in column B: A B 1/ excursion 2/ wonder A/ happening B/ begin 3/ dear 4/ understand C/ know D/ surprise 5/ period 6/ occasion E/ reopen F/ beloved 7/ relax 8/ start G/ criticize H/ tour 9/ resume 10/ complain I/ time J/ rest VIII/ Match the words in column A with their antonyms in column B: A B 1/ various 2/ rare A/ late B/ reject 3/ early 4/ inside C/ day D/ far 5/ near 6/ well E/ alike F/ careless 7/ night 8/ possible G/ impossible H/ outside 9/ prefer 10/ careful I/ badly J/ ordinary IX/ Match the sentences, clauses or phrases in column A with the ones in column B to make meaningful sentences: A B 1/ If I were you, A/ because he hated flying. 2/ He would get the job B/ if he could speak English. 3/ If only I had more money, C/ so that she can perfect her English. 4/ If I had known that you were in hospital, D/ I could buy some new clothes. 5/ If the driver had been more careful, E/ I would follow his advice. 6/ Although he worked hard, F/ he wouldn’t have had the accident. 7/ Tom took the train to Paris G/ so I ate three apple pies. 8/ When I lived in Moscow, H/ I experienced cold weather. 3 500 BÀI TẬP TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 9/ She wants to stay here I/ he didn’t receive any praise. 10/ I felt hungry, J/ I would have come to visit you. X/ Find the one mistake (A, B, C or D) in these sentences and then correct them: 1/ She won't mind your (A) being late – (B) beside, it's (C) hardly your (D) fault. 2/ (A) The whole report is (B) badly written. (C) Moreover, it's (D) unaccurate. 3/ I'm not (A) surprise he (B) shouted at you! (C) How would you like (D) to be pushed into a wall? 4/ He's (A) everything you'd ever (B) want (C) in a man - bright, (D) fun and attractive. 5/ You just hope (A) that the money (B) goes to those (C) who are most in (D) needs. 6/ A teacher (A) with profession , this is her first (B) excursion (C) into writing (D) for the theatre. 7/ He (A) views his life (B) like a spiritual (C) journey towards a greater (D) understanding of his faith. 8/ He was a (A) young sailor (B) on his first (C) sea (D) excursion. 9/ The (A) travel guide (B) pointed out the inscription (C) that runs round (D) the inside of the dome. 10/ (A) Supersonic planes can (B) travel (C) more fast than (D) the speed of sound. XI/ Find the one mistake (A, B, C or D) in these sentences and then correct them: 1/ (A) A road from here (B) to Adelaide (C) runs through some beautiful (D) countryside. 2/ (A) I'm afraid Dad took an instant (B) dislike to (= decided (C) he does not like) this new boyfriend (D) of your. 3/ You need (A) to demonstrate to the examiners (B) that you have (C) more than a literal (D) understandings of the text. 4/ (A) So, Adrian is going out (B) with Emma, (C) is he? Who (D) would have thought it? 5/ (A) It's difficult (B) from a small supermarket (C) to compete against (D) the big supermarkets. 6/ (A) The improvement in water standards (B) over the last 50 years (C) is very (D) great . 7/ (A) Not to even think (B) about lifting me (C) up, Ted, you might do (D) yourself an injury. 8/ (A) If Europe fails (B) to agree on this, we can (C) tell goodbye to any (D) common foreign policy. 9/ (A) If he forgot (B) paying his rent, his (C) landlady would send him (D) a reminder. 10/ This problem is now (A) at present being (B) looked at by some of (C) the ablest scientists (D) in the country . XII/ Read the following passage carefully, and then select the best option A, B, C or D to complete it: SPORTS COMPETITION While some sports, such as fishing, have been viewed as primarily recreational, most sports are (1) _______ competitive. The majority involve competition between two or more persons, (or animals and/or mechanical devices typically controlled by humans as in horse racing or auto racing). (2) _______, in a game of basketball, two teams compete against one another to determine who can score the most points. While there is no set reward for the 4 500 BÀI TẬP TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 winning team, many players gain an internal sense of (3) _______. In addition, extrinsic rewards may also be given. Athletes, besides competing against other humans, also compete against (4) _______ in sports such as whitewater kayaking or mountain climbing, where the goal is to reach a destination, with only natural barriers impeding the process. A regularly scheduled (such as annual) competition (5) _______ to determine the "best" competitor of that cycle is called a championship. While professional sports have been usually viewed as intense and extremely competitive, recreational sports, (6) _______ are often less intense, are considered a healthy option for the competitive urges in humans. Sport provides a relatively safe venue for converting unbridled competition into harmless competition, (7) _______ sports competition is restrained. Competitive sports are governed by codified rules agreed upon by the participants. Violating these rules is considered to be (8) _______ competition. Thus sports provide artificial not natural competition; for example, competing for control of a ball or (9) _______ territory on a playing field is not an innate biological factor in humans. Athletes in sports like gymnastics and competitive diving "compete" (10) _______ a conceptual ideal of a perfect performance, which incorporates measurable criteria and standards that are (11) _______ into numerical ratings and scores. (12) _______ competition is generally broken down into three categories: (13) _______ sports, such as archery, dual sports, such as doubles tennis, or team sports competition, such as football. While most sports competitions are recreation, (14) _______ exists several major and minor professional sports leagues throughout the world. The Olympic Games, (15) _______ every four years, is regarded as the international pinnacle of sports competition. + New words: - extrinsic (adj.): nằm ở ngoài, tác động từ ngoài vào. - kayaking (n.): môn chèo thuyền cai-ac. - impede (v.): làm trở ngại, ngăn cản. - unbridled (adj.): thả lỏng, không kìm chế. - codify (v.): lập điều lệ, soạn thành luật lệ. - archery (n.): sự bắn cung, thuật bắn cung. - pinnacle (n.): tháp nhọn, đỉnh núi cao. 1/ A. seemed B. considered C. looked D. watched 2/ A. Like B. Such as C. As well as D. For example 3/ A. liking B. humor C. pride D. feeling 4/ A. space B. nature C. atmosphere D. weather 5/ A. meant B. knew C. wanted D. liked 6/ A. which B. it C. that D. what 7/ A. besides B. however C. because D. although 8/ A. irregular B. unfair C. bad D. poor 9/ A. defending B. attacking C. fighting D. controlling 10/ A. in B. by C. for D. against 11/ A. written B. translated C. transferred D. spoken 12/ A. Study B. Shooting C. Sports D. Life 13/ A. pair B. team C. individual D. group 14/ A. that B. which C. it D. there 15/ A. taken B. had C. known D. held XIII/ Read the following passage carefully, and then select the best option A, B, C or D to complete it: FIRST STEP BEAMED TO A WAITING WORLD 5 500 BÀI TẬP TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 About six and a half hours after Eagle landed, its hatch (1) _______ and the Apollo 11 commander backed slowly out to its little porch. On the (2) _______ he paused, pulled a lanyard, and thus deployed the MESA, or modularized equipment stowage assembly, just to the left of the ladder. As the MESA lowered into (3) _______ with its load of equipment for lunar prospecting, a seven-pound Westinghouse TV camera mounted atop the load began shooting black-and-white (4) _______. Fuzzy and scored with lines, the pictures nonetheless held earthlings spellbound. No one who sat that July night welded to his TV screen will ever forget the (5) _______ of that ghostly foot groping slowly past the ladder to Eagle's footpad, and then stepping tentatively (6) _______ the virgin soil. Man had made his first footprint on the moon. Neil Armstrong (7) _______ into his microphone. And in less than two seconds the message that will live in the annals of exploration flew with the (8) _______ of radio to the huge telescope dish at Honeysuckle Creek, near Canberra, Australia, thence to the Comsat (9) _______ over the Pacific, then to the switching center at the Goddard Space Flight Center outside Washington, D.C., and finally to Houston and the (10) _______ of the world: “That's one small step for a man, one giant leap for mankind.” New vocabulary: - hatch (n.): cửa sập, cửa hầm, cửa đập nước - porch (n.): cổng (ra vào), cổng vòm, hành lang - lanyard (n.): dây buộc còi, dây neo thuyền - stowage (n.): sự xếp hàng hóa dưới tàu, hàng hóa xếp vào - atop (adv., prep.): ở đỉnh, ở chóp - nonetheless (adv.): nevertheless - earthling (n.): con người, người phàm tục - spellbound (adj.): mê, mê say (quá khứ, quá khứ phân từ của “spellbind”) - to weld (v.): hàn, gắn chặt - to grope (v.): sờ soạng tìm, dò dẫm, mò mẫm - tentative (adj.): ướm, thử - thence (adv.): từ đó, do đó, do đấy 1/ A. ended B. started C. opened D. closed 2/ A. ladder B. lift C. elevator D. top 3/ A. place B. position C. order D. line 4/ A. painting B. drawing C. posters D. pictures 5/ A. sight B. scene C. view D. look 6/ A. in B. on C. into D. onto 7/ A. said B. talked C. told D. spoke 8/ A. hands B. wings C. legs D. feet 9/ A. plane B. ship C. satellite D. car 10/ A. rest B. remain C. last D. others B. USE OF ENGLISH: I/ Fill each gap with words from the list below: concentrated, punctuality, glorious, excursion, suitability, simple, sun-burnt, information, conveniently, persuasion 1/ She will help you - she just needs a bit of gentle _______. 2/ When you go out in the hot sun, you should always put cream on your skin to avoid getting _______. 3/ We have reliable _______ that a strike is planned next month. 4/ They had three weeks of _______ sunshine. 5/ The house is _______ situated near the station and the shops. 6/ _______ has never been his strong point. 6 500 BÀI TẬP TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 7/ I like _______ food better than fancy dishes. 8/ There is no doubt about her _______ for the job. 9/ The company is making a _______ effort to broaden its market. 10/ Next week we're going on an _______. II/ Fill each gap with words from the list below: poems, contests, representatives, observing, participates, stimulate, activity, problems, competition, enjoyment 1/ She never _______ in any of our discussions, does she? 2/ Knowing the ending already didn't spoil my _______ of the film. 3/ He spent a year in the jungle, _______ how deforestation is affecting local tribes. 4/ I'm having _______ with my computer. 5/ She's won a lot of beauty _______. 6/ The poet recited some of her recent _______. 7/ Ministers are concerned by the low level of economic _______. 8/ The government plans to cut taxes in order to _______ the economy. 9/ The firm has two _______ in every European city. 10/ The two companies are in _______ with each other. III/ Choose the correct word from the pair in brackets to complete the sentences: 1/ They say that real Yorkshire beers don't travel (travel/ trip) _______ well. 2/ The first year of a loving relationship is a voyage (voyage/ cruise) _______ of discovery. 3/ We broke our journey (journey/ travel) _______ in Edinburgh before traveling on to Inverness the next day. 4/ We did a bit of sightseeing (excursion/ sightseeing) _______ in Paris. 5/ We went on a guided tour (drive/ tour) _______ of the museum. 6/ There used to be a hostel (hostel/ hotel) _______ for the homeless in that town. 7/ I was hired (rented/ hired) _______ by the first company I applied to. 8/ You stay there with the luggage (baggage/ luggage) _______ while I find a cab. 9/ He started off in the building (villa/ building) _______ trade before opening his own restaurant. 10/ We need a large-scale map (map/ guidebook) _______ showing all the footpaths that we can walk along. IV/ Complete the sentences, using the correct tense and form of the verb in brackets: 1/ (they have) _______ any experience of (work) _______ with naughty boys who (have) _______ (learn) _______ difficulties? 2/ - If he actually (marry) _______ her we (eat) _______ our hats. - Yes, he (do) _______ now. 3/ We (wonder) _______ if you (help) _______ us – Oh! I (like) _______ some (inform) _______ about (fly) _______ to Los Angeles. 4/ They (not put) _______ on (weigh) _______ when they (spend) _______ all day long (run) _______ round after the chickens. 5/ His sister (cry) _______ bitter tears when she (get) _______ your letter. 6/ She (get) _______ the (feel) _______ she (watch) _______ yesterday. 7/ We (be) _______ very busy these days. (Take) _______ last week, we (have) _______ (meet) _______ on three evenings. 8/ Half an hour ago he (look) _______ up from his book and (smile) _______ at me. 9/ Their sons (spend) _______ the morning (play) _______ in the yard. 7 500 BÀI TẬP TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 10/ That poor bird (not fly) _______ because it (have) _______ a (break) _______ left wing. V/ Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first one: 1/ There are two spoons on the table. → The table ________________________________________________. 2/ They plan to travel to Laos next month. → They’re going _____________________________________________. 3/ We don’tthink these problems are easy to solve. → It is _____________________________________________________. 4/ We’d like to invite you and your sister to our party tonight. → Will you _________________________________________________? 5/ My roommate doesn’t very often go out for a walk. → My roommate occasionally ___________________________________. 6/ Can you help me understand this sentence, please? → What does _________________________________________________? 7/ How long does it take to fly from Ho Chi Minh city to Hanoi? → When does ________________________________________________? 8/ You can trust me because I will win that match. → I promise _________________________________________________. 9/ I don’t know where my English teacher is living. → Where ___________________________________________________? 10/ This is not my eraser. → This eraser ______________________________________________. VI/ Complete the second sentence in such a way that it has the similar meaning to the printed one, using the word in brackets: 1/ Do you know who this talking dictionary belong to? (whose) → Do you _________________________________________________is? 2/ Huy’s accident meant that he couldn’t take part in the running race. (prevented) → Huy’s accident ________________________________the running race. 3/ Children are not allowed to play football in the school yard. (must) → Children ______________________________________the school yard. 4/ People say that the couple are living in London. (said) → The couple ________________________________________in London. 5/ That boy is too short to reach that book. (tall) → That boy ___________________________________________that book. 6/ Please ask the porter to take this luggage to my room. (have) → Please _____________________________________________my room. 7/ Where is the post office, sir? (way) → Could you __________________________________the post office, sir? 8/ This schoolgirl is so intelligent that all of her classmates admire her. (such) → This schoolgirl ___________________________________________her. 9/ It’s unusual for Khanh to get angry with his roommates. (hardly) → Khanh ______________________________temper with his roommates. 10/ There is no coffee left. (run) → We __________________________________________________coffee. VII/ Turn the following sentences into Direct speech, omitting the introductory clause: 1/ She asked me what my name was. 2/ They wanted to know if I had seen Mai the day before. 3/ My sister asked me if I thought Long would lend her some money. 4/ The stranger asked the little boy if he could tell him where the bus station was. 8 500 BÀI TẬP TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 5/ The teacher asked whether we had found a solution to the exercise yet. 6/ The man wanted to know who had been trying to start the machine. 7/ His mother wanted to know what he was doing out in the garden while it was raining heavily. 8/ The policeman asked the girl how often he had traveled along that road the week before. 9/ She asked herself whether she should tell the police about the accident. 10/ I wondered why there were so many people at the store that day. VIII/ Arrange the words to make complete sentences: 1/ competition to there's fierce Special Branch join the. 2/ thing is the important to keep low or the sugar the heat will burn. 3/ I want because I enjoy meeting people new places and seeing. 4/ sentence with complete of the he one adjectives provided. 5/ is written the story poetic language in richly. 6/ you grow you've got to keep to try active as older. 7/ since I more healthily started eating I've got more energy so much. 8/ of the on behalf entire company, thank you would for all like to your work. 9/ knows exactly no one but several what happened been hurt people have. 10/ to disappoint I'm sorry you, but I'm can't come afraid I after all. IX/ Arrange the words to make complete sentences: 1/ said of it was Marilyn Monroe that camera loved the her 2/ a for goalkeeper, it's a big hands to have great advantage. 3/ customer orders all our handled by are computer. 4/ write the the computer letter on, then can make you easily on changes screen. 5/ buy our you can the Internet goods over. 6/ a picture we took of on their new bicycles the children. 7/ bought the when we house, to do we had a lot and redecorating of painting. 8/ has solved no one the problem to do of what radioactive waste with. 9/ brief excursion after a into drama, on his main interest he concentrated, which poetry was. 10/ better photographs are if they from the original negative are printed . X/ Complete the sentences using one of these verbs in the correct form: “overtake, show, translate, write, invent, cause, damage, hold, include, invite, make” 1/ Many accidents _______ by dangerous driving. 2/ Cheese _______ from milk. 3/ The roof of the building _______ in a storm a few days ago. 4/ There’s no need to leave a tip. Service _______ in the bill. 5/ You _______ to the wedding. Why didn’t you go? 6/ A cinema is a place where films _______. 7/ In the United States, elections for President _______ every four years. 8/ Originally the book _______ in Spanish and a few years ago it _______ into English. 9/ We were driving along quite fast but we _______ by lots of other cars. 10/ When (the telephone/ invent) _______? XI/ Write a letter of birthday congratulations, using the words provided: Dear Nam, So you/ a year/ old today- or/ not you/ want/ reminded! Anyway, congratulations/ best wishes/ all that sort/ thing. If/ feel/ mood/ celebrating, will you/ let/ take/ dinner/ movies, as/ sort/ birthday treat! And/ meantime, happy returns! 9 500 BÀI TẬP TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 Cordially, Cao XII/ Read the paragraphs below carefully, and then put them in the correct order to make a meaningful passage: MOON ROCKS HOLD HIGH PRIORITY 1/ Shortly after stepping onto the surface, Armstrong took a “grab sample,” or contingency sample, scooping it up into a Teflon bag on the end of a light collapsible rod. The pole he discarded, but the bag of soil he rolled up and— with some difficulty—tucked into a pocket above his left knee. 2/ With a specially made aluminum scoop on an extension handle, and with a pair of long aluminum tongs, Armstrong later gathered a larger quantity of the dark lunar soil and representative samples of the lunar rocks. These he put into two boxes, each formed from a single piece of aluminum. A ring of soft metal, indium, lined the lip of each box; when the box was closed and the straps drawn tight around it, a knifelike strip around the edge of the lid bit deeply into the indium, thus helping to seal the samples in a vacuum and to protect them against contamination. 3/ It had been decided in advance that the most important single thing the astronauts could do—scientifically speaking—would be to bring back samples of the moon. 4/ All told, the astronauts brought back about 48 pounds of lunar material. In addition, they undertook to gather a bit of the sun. To be sure, it was a very small sample, less than a billionth of an ounce at best, but presumably it was enough to tell a great deal about the solar furnace. The sample was gathered by trapping particles of the solar wind. 5/ In every direction, the lunar surface was pocked with thousands of little craters and many larger ones, five to fifty feet across and littered with angular blocks. 6/ As Astronaut-scientist Don Lind commented in Houston during the flight, “He is certainly going to get back in the spacecraft with his pants on, so we will have this sample for sure.” XI/ There are three paragraphs in a reading below. Rearrange them into the correct order for each paragraph: COMPETITION IN POLITICS Para 1: 1/ The winner gains the seat of the elected office for a set amount of time, when another election is usually held to determine the next holder of the office. 2/ In democracies, an election is a competition for an elected office. 3/ Competition is also found in politics. 4/ In other words, two or more candidates strive and compete against one another to attain a position of power. Para 2: 1/ Because several offices are appointed, potential candidates compete against the others in order to gain the particular office. 2/ In addition, there is inevitable competition inside a government. 3/ Departments may also compete for a limited amount of resources, such as for funding. 4/ Finally, where there are party systems, elected leaders of different parties will ultimately compete against the other party for laws, funding, and power. Para 3: 1/ Finally, competition is also imminent between governments. 2/ For example, the United States competed against the Soviet Union in the Cold War for world power, and the two also struggled over the different types of government (in this case, representative democracy and communism). 10