N.Tran Medical Terminology Chapter arthr hepat ven oste intrasub-itis -ic -ous -pathy -megaly Chapter aden/o cyt/o epitheli/o fibr/o hist/o kary/o lip/o my/o neur/o organ/o sarc/o system/o viscer/o joint liver vein bone within under inflammation pertaining to pertaining to disease enlargement gland cell epithelium fiber tissue nucleus fat muscle nerve organ flesh, connective tissue system internal organs melan/o xanth/o diadyshypermetaneopro-al -ic -ous -cyte -gen cancer/o carcin/o eti/o gno/o iatr/o lei/o cancer cause of disease knowledge physician, medicine, treatment smooth -genic -logist -logy -oid -oma -osis onc/o path/o tumor, mass disease -pathy -plasia rhabd/o somat/o chrom/o chlor/o cyan/o erythr/o leuk/o rod-shaped, striated body color green blue red white -plasm -sarcoma -sis -stasis black yellow through, complete painful, abnormal, difficult above, excessive after, beyond, change new before pertaining to cell substance/agent that produces/causes producing, originating, causing one who studies/treats study of resembling tumor, swelling abnormal condition, increase (blood cell) disease condition of formation, development, growth growth, substance, formation malignant tumor state of control, stop, standing N.Tran benign non-malignant, non-recurrent, favorable carcinoma in situ early stage cancer before invading surrounding tissue chemotherapy (chemo) treatment of cancer with drugs encapsulated enclosed in a capsule (ex: benign tumor) exacerbation increase in severity or symptoms of a disease idiopathic pertaining to disease of unknown origin inflammation response to tissue injury/destruction: redness, swelling, heat, pain in vitro within a glass, observable within a test tube in vivo within the living body malignant tending to become progressively worse and cause death radiation therapy (XRT) treatment of cancer with radioactivity remission improvement or absence of signs of disease Chapter anter/o front super/o above caud/o tail, downward ventr/o belly, front cephal/o head, upward bitwo dist/o away from point of attachment unione dors/o back -ad toward infer/o below -ior pertaining to later/o side RUQ right upper quadrant medi/o middle LUQ left upper quadrant poster/o back, behind RLQ right lower quadrant proxim/o near the point of attachment LLQ left lower quadrant frontal, coronal midsagittal parasagittal sagittal transverse Fowler position lithotomy position orthopnea position prone position recumbent position Sims position supine position Trendelenburg position umbilical region lumbar regions epigastric region hypochondriac regions hypogastric region iliac/inguinal regions vertical plane that divides body into anterior and posterior portions vertical plane that divides body into equal right and left portions vertical plane that divides body into unequal right and left portions vertical plane that divides body into left and right portions horizontal plane that divides body into superior and inferior portions semi-sitting with slight knee elevation lying on back with legs raised and feet in stirrups sitting upright with pillows supporting head and chest lying on abdomen facing downward lying down in any position lying on left side with right knee drawn up and left arm behind and parallel to back lying on back facing upward lying on back so head is lower than feet around the navel to the right and left of navel near waist superior to navel above the stomach to the right and left of epigastric region inferior to navel to the right and left of hypogastric region near groin N.Tran Chapter cutane/o derm/o dermat/o hidr/o kerat/o onych/o ungu/o seb/o trich/o aut/o bi/o coni/o crypt/o heter/o myc/o necr/o pachy/o rhytid/o staphyl/o skin sweat horny tissue, hard nail sebum, oil hair self life dust hidden other fungus death thick wrinkles grape-like clusters abrasion abscess acne actinic keratosis albinism basal cell carcinoma (BCC) candidasis/thrush carbuncle cellulitis contusion eczema fissure furuncle, boil gangrene herpes impetigo infection Kaposi sarcoma strept/o xer/o epiintraparapersubtrans-a -coccus -ectomy -ia -itis -malacia -opsy -phagia -plasty -rrhea -tome twisted chains dry on, upon, over within beside, beyond, around, abnormal through under, below through, across, beyond no meaning (noun ending) berry-shaped excision, surgical removal diseased/abnormal state, condition of inflammation softening view of, viewing eating, swallowing surgical repair flow, discharge instrument used to cut scraping of skin by mechanical injury localized collection of pus inflammatory skin disease involving sebaceous glands and hair follicles precancerous skin condition of horny tissue from excess sunlight exposure congenital hereditary condition characterized by lack of pigmentation epithelial tumor arising from epidermis due to sun exposure, rarely metastasizes fungus infection of mouth, skin, or vagina caused by Candida albicans skin infection composed of clusters of boils caused by staphylococcal bacteria inflammation of skin and subcutaneous tissue caused by infection injury with no break in the skin characterized by pain, swelling, and discoloration noninfectious inflammatory skin disease characterized by redness, scabs, itching slit or crack-like sore in the skin painful skin node caused by staphylococcal bacteria in a hair follicle death of tissue caused by loss of blood supply and bacterial invasion inflammatory skin disease of small, clustered blisters caused by herpes virus superficial skin infection caused by staphylo-, streptococci characterized by pustules invasion of pathogens in tissues cancer that starts as purple-brown papules on lower body and spreads to lymph nodes and internal organs, seen with AIDS N.Tran laceration lesion MRSA infection pediculosis psoriasis torn, ragged-edge wound any visible change in tissue resulting from injury or disease infection with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus invasion into skin and hair by lice chronic skin condition producing red lesions with silvery scales rosacea scabies scleroderma squamous cell carcinoma (SqCCA) systemic lupus erythemetous (SLE) tinea, ringworm, athlete’s foot urticaria chronic skin disorder that produces erythema, pustules, broken blood vessels skin infection caused by the itch mite characterized by papule eruptions skin disease characterized by chronic hardening of connective tissue of skin malignant growth that develops from scale-like epithelial tissue, often metastasizes chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease involving skin, joints, kidneys, and nervous system characterized by periods of remission and exacerbation fungal infection of skin, hair, and nails vitiligo cauterization cryosurgery debridement dermabrasion excision incision incision and drainage (I&D) laser surgery Mohs surgery suturing alopecia cicatrix cyst cytomegalovirus (CMV) diaphoresis ecchymosis edema erythema induration jaundice, xanthoderma keloid macule itching skin eruption composed of wheals caused by allergies, disease, and genetics autoimmune disease of white patches of skin caused by destruction of melanocytes destruction of tissue with heat, cold, electricity, or caustic chemicals destruction of tissue by extreme cold, often liquid nitrogen removal of contaminated or dead tissue and foreign matter from wounds procedure to remove skin scars with abrasive material removal by cutting surgical cut or wound surgical cut to allow free flow or withdrawal of fluids procedure using a high-powered light beam to cut, burn, vaporize, or destroy tissue technique of microscopically-controlled excision of skin cancers to stitch together edges of a wound loss of hair scar closed sac containing fluid or semisolid material herpes-type virus that usually causes disease when immune system is compromised profuse sweating escape of blood into the skin causing a small, flat blue-purple discoloration puffy swelling of tissue from accumulation of fluid redness abnormal hard spot(s) yellowing of the skin white spots or patches on mucous membranes, possibly precancerous flat, colored spot on the skin N.Tran nevus, mole, birthmark nodule pallor papule petechia pressure ulcer, bed sore pruritis purpura pustule ulcer verruca, wart vesicle wheal circumscribed malformation of the skin colored brown, black, or fleshcolored small, knotlike mass on the skin paleness small, solid skin elevation pinpoint skin hemorrhage erosion of the skin from prolonged pressure, often seen in bedridden patients severe itching small purple-red hemorrhages in the skin associated with blood disorders elevation of skin containing pus erosion of skin or mucous membrane circumscribed cutaneous elevation caused by a virus small elevation of skin containing pus round, itchy skin elevation Chapter 5: Respiratory System adenoid/o adenoids alveoli/o alveolus bronchi/o bronchus bronch/o diaphragmat/o diaphragm phren/o epiglott/o epiglottis laryng/o larynx lob/o lobe nas/o nose rhin/o pharyng/o pharynx pleur/o pleura pneumo/ pneumat/o lung, air pneumon/o pulmon/o lung sept/o septum (wall off, fence) sinus/o sinus thorac/o thorax, chest tonsill/o tonsil trache/o trachea -algia -ar -ary -eal -cele -centesis atel/o capn/o hem/o hemat/o muc/o orth/o ox/i ox/o phon/o py/o somn/o spir/o aanendoeupanpolytachy- pain pertaining to hernia, protrusion surgical puncture to aspirate fluid with a sterile needle imperfect, incomplete carbon dioxide blood mucus straight oxygen sound, voice pus sleep breathe, breathing absence of, without within normal, good all, total many, much fast, rapid N.Tran -ectasis -emia -graphy -meter -metry -pexy -pnea -rrhagia -scope -scopy -spasm -stenosis -stomy -thorax -tomy stretching out, dilation, expansion blood condition process of recording, radiographic imaging instrument used to measure measurement surgical fixation, suspension breathing rapid flow of blood instrument used for visual examination visual examination sudden, involuntary muscle spasm (spasmodic contraction) constriction, narrowing creation of an artificial opening chest cut into, incision acute respiratory distress symdrome (ARDS) asthma chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) coccidioidomycosis cor pulmonale croup cystic fibrosis (CF) deviated septum emphysema epitaxis, rhinorrhagia influenza Legionnaire disease obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) pertussis pleural effusion pulmonary edema pulmonary embolism (PE) tuberculosis (TB) respiratory failure from disease or injury characterized by dyspnea, tachypnea, and cyanosis respiratory disease characterized by paroxysms of coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath caused by reversible airway constriction progressive lung disease that restricts air flow and makes breathing difficult; components: chronic bronchitis, emphysema; results from cigarette smoking fungal disease of lungs and sometimes other organs (aka valley fever, cocci) serious cardiac disease associated with chronic lung disorders condition of acute larynx obstruction characterized by cough and hoarseness due to pathogens, allergies, or foreign bodies in children hereditary disorder of exocrine glands characterized by excess mucus production in the respiratory tract, pancreatic deficiency, and other symptoms one part of the nasal cavity is smaller due to malformed/injured nasal septum stretching of lung tissue caused by distended and less-elastic alveoli nosebleed highly infectious respiratory disease caused by a virus lobar pneumonia caused by the bacterium Legionella pneumophilia repetitive pharyngeal collapse during sleep leading to absence of breathing which can produce daytime drowsiness and high blood pressure highly contagious bacterial infection of the respiratory tract characterized by an acute crowing inspiration, or whooping cough fluid in pleural space caused by a disease or trauma fluid accumulation in the alveoli and bronchioles foreign matter in the circulation carried to the pulmonary artery and its branches where it blocks circulation to the lungs, often carried from the legs; may be fatal infectious lung disease caused by an acid-fast bacillus bacteria, spread by N.Tran upper respiratory infection (URI) chest computed tomography (CT) scan chest radiograph (CXR) ventilation-perfusion scanning (VPS) acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smear arterial blood gases (ABGs) peak flow meter (PFM) pulmonary function tests (PFTs) pulse oximetry auscultation percussion PPD (purified protein derivative) skin test stethoscope airway asphyxia aspirate bronchoconstrictor bronchodilator cough hiccup hiccough singultus hyperventilation hypoventilation mucopurulent mucus nebulizer nosocomial infection paroxysm patent sputum ventilator inhalation infection of the nasal cavity, pharynx, or larynx (aka cold) computerized images of the chest created in sections from front to back; used to diagnose tumors, abscesses, and pleural effusion radiographic image of the chest, lungs, and heart (aka chest x-ray) nuclear medicine procedure to diagnose a pulmonary embolism and other conditions (aka lung scan) test performed on sputum to determine presence of acid-fast bacilli (cause TB) test performed on arterial blood to determine levels of O2, CO2, and others portable instrument to measure how fast air can be pushed out of the lung, used to monitor asthma and adjust medication group of tests to measure breathing and respiratory function; abnormal tests are useful in distinguishing between COPD and asthma noninvasive method of measuring oxygen in the blood using a fingertip device act of listening for sounds within the body using a stethoscope act of tapping a body surface to determine the density of the part (dull = fluid) test performed by injecting PPD of tuberculin bacillus intradermally; positive test result = previous exposure, not necessarily an active infection instrument used to hear internal body sounds passageway by which air enters and leaves the lungs, also a mechanical device used to keep passageway unobstructed deprivation of oxygen for tissue use, suffocation to withdraw or suction fluid, also to draw fluid into respiratory tract agent that causes narrowing of the bronchi agent that causes widening of the bronchi sudden, noisy expulsion of air from the lungs sudden catching of breath with a spasmodic diaphragm contraction ventilation of the lungs beyond normal body needs ventilation of the lungs that does not fulfill body needs containing both mucus and pus slimy fluid secreted by mucous membranes device that creates a mist for respiratory treatment infection acquired during hospitalization periodic, sudden attack open, the opposite of closed or compromised, as in patent trachea or bronchi mucous secretion from the lungs, bronchi, and trachea expelled through mouth mechanical device used to assist with breathing N.Tran LTB laryngotracheobronchitis PSG polysomnography SOB shortness of breath RUL right upper lobe LUL left upper lobe RLL right lower lobe LLL left lower lobe Chapter 6: Urinary System cyst/o bladder, sac vesic/o glomerul/o glomerulus meat/o meatus (opening) nephr/o kidney ren/o pyel/o renal pelvis ureter/o ureter urethr/o urethra albumin/o albumin azot/o urea, nitrogen blast/o developing cell, germ cell glyc/o sugar glycos/o hydr/o water lith/o stone, calculus epispadias hypospadias polycystic kidney disease renal calculus renal failure renal hypertension urinary suppression urinary tract infection (UTI) extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) fulguration renal transplant KUB (kidney, ureter, bladder) flat plate of the noct/i olig/o son/o tom/o urin/o ur/o -gram -iasis -esis -lysis -megaly -ptosis -rrhaphy -tripsy -trophy -uria night scanty, few sound cut, section urine, urinary tract record, radiographic image condition loosening, dissolution, separating enlargement drooping, sagging, prolapsed suturing, repairing surgical crushing nourishment, development urine, urination congenital defect where the urinary meatus is on the upper surface of the penis congenital defect where the urinary meatus is on the lower surface of the penis condition where the kidney is enlarged and contains many cysts kidney stone loss of kidney function elevated blood pressure resulting from kidney disease sudden stoppage of urine formation infection of one or more organs of the urinary tract noninvasive treatment for the removal of kidney or urethral stones using ultrasonic and fluoroscopic imaging and repeated firing of shock waves destruction of living tissue with an electric spark surgical implantation of a donor kidney to replace a non-functioning kidney simple radiographic image of the abdomen used to visualize the urinary system, identify calculi, and diagnose intestinal obstruction N.Tran abdomen blood urea nitrogen (BUN) creatinine specific gravity (SG) urinalysis catheter (cath) distended enuresis hemodialysis (HD) incontinence micturate peritoneal dialysis stricture urinal urinary catheterization urodynamics void ARF CRF ESRD IVP IVU OAB VCUG blood test that measures urea level in blood, used to determine kidney function blood test that measures creatinine level in blood urine test that measures concentrating/diluting ability of kidneys multiple routine urine tests flexible tube-like device for withdrawing or instilling fluids stretched out involuntary urination procedure for removing impurities from the blood when kidneys are unable inability to control bladder and/or bowels to urinate or void procedure for removing toxic wastes when kidneys are unable using peritoneal cavity for fluid receptacle abnormal narrowing receptacle for urine passage of catheter into urinary bladder to withdraw urine pertaining to force and flow of urine to empty or evacuate waste acute renal failure chronic renal failure end-stage renal disease intravenous pyelogram intravenous urogram overactive bladder voiding cystourethrogram Chapter 7: Male Reproductive System balan/o glans penis epididym/o epididymis orchid/o orchi/o testis, testicle orch/o test/o prostat/o prostate vas/o vessel, duct vesicul/o seminal vesicle andr/o male sperm/o spermatozoon spermat/o N.Tran erectile dysfunction (ED) hydrocele phimosis priapism testicular torsion varicocele circumcision hydrocelectomy radical prostatectomy (RP) suprapubic prostatectomy transurethral incision of the prostate gland (TUIP) transurethral microwave thermotherapy (TUMT) transurethral resection of the prostate gland (TURP) transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) prostate-specific antigen (PSA) semen analysis digital rectal examination (DRE) acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) artificial insemination azoospermia Chlamydia coitus, copulation condom ejaculation genital herpes gonads gonorrhea heterosexual homosexual human inability of the male to attain or maintain an erection (aka impotence) scrotal swelling caused by a collection of fluid tightness of the foreskin that prevents retraction over the glans penis persistent abnormal erection of the penis with pain and tenderness twisting of the spermatic cord causing decreased blood flow to the testis; occurs most often during puberty and causes severe pain; a surgical emergency enlarged veins of the spermatic cord surgical removal of the prepuce (foreskin) surgical removal of a hydrocele excision of the prostate with its capsule, seminal vesicles, vas deferens, and sometimes pelvic lymph nodes; used to treat prostate cancer excision of the prostate through an abdominal incision and an incision though the bladder; used to treat prostate cancer and benign prostate hyperplasia surgical procedure that widens the urethra by making a few small incisions in the bladder and prostate treatment that eliminates excess tissue present in benign prostatic hyperplasia by using microwave heat surgical removal of pieces of the prostate by using a resectoscope inserted in the urethra; capsule left intact; used when prostate inhibits urination ultrasound used to diagnose prostate cancer by sending and receiving sound waves through the rectum blood test that measures the level of PSA in the blood; elevated levels indicate cancer or excess tissue microscopic observation of ejaculated semen used to evaluate (in)fertility physical exam in which the physician feels for the size and shape of the prostate by inserting a finger into the rectum disease that affects immune system, transmitted by contaminated blood or sexual contact introduction of semen into the vagina by artificial means lack of live sperm in the semen an STD caused by C trachomatis; symptoms of severe cases include discharge and painful urination in men, and vaginal bleeding, itching, and discharge in women sex between a man and a woman cover for the penis worn during sex to prevent conception and STD spread ejection of semen from the male urethra STD caused by Herpesvirus hominus type2 (aka herpes simplex virus) male and female sex glands contagious, inflammatory STD caused by a bacteria that affects genitourinary mucous membranes person who is attracted to people of the opposite sex person who is attracted to people of the opposite sex type of retrovirus that causes AIDS by infecting T-helper cells of the immune N.Tran Intravenous urogram (IUV) Radiographic image of the urinary tract (with contrast medium injected intravenously)(also called intravenous pyelogram [IVP]) Voiding cystourethrograp hy (VCUG) Nephrogram Radiographic image of the kidney Radiographic imaging of the kidney (also called renogram) Process of recording the kidney using sound (an ultrasound test) Sectional radiographic image of the kidney (graphic) Record of the kidney (a nuclear medicine test produced by radioactivity after injecting a radiopharmaceutical, or radioactive material, into the blood)(also called renal scan or nephrogram) A simple radiographic image of the abdomen It is often used to view the kidneys, ureters, and bladder to determine size, shape, and location Also used to identify calculi in the kidney, ureters, or bladder, or to diagnose intestinal obstruction; (also called flat plate of the abdomen) A blood test that measures the amount of urea in the blood; used to determine kidney function An increased BUN indicates renal dysfunction Cystoscope Nephrography Nephrosonograph y Nephrotomogram Renogram KŪB (kidney, ureter, and bladder) Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) Cystoscopy Nephroscopy Ureteroscopy Urethroscope means to move in a direction opposite than normal; contrast medium is instilled through urethral catheters by a cystoscope) Radiographic imaging of the bladder and the urethra (Radiopaque dye is instilled in the bladder Radiographic images called voiding cystourethrograms are taken of the bladder and during urination of the dye.) Instrument used for visual examination of the bladder Visual examination of the bladder Visual examination of the kidney Visual examination of the ureter Instrument used for visual examination of the urethra Specific gravity (SG) A test performed on a urine specimen to measure the concentrating or diluting ability of the kidneys Urinalysis (UA) Multiple routine tests performed on a urine specimen N.Tran Creatinine A blood test that measures the amount of creatinine in the blood An elevated amount may indicate impaired kidney function Absence of urine (failure of kidney to produce urine) Condition of urine passing through (increased amount of urine) Difficult or painful urination Sugar (glucose) in the urine Blood in the urine Pertaining to the meatus Albuminuria Nephrologist A physician who studies and treats diseases of the kidney Urology Nephrology Study of the kidney (a branch of medicine dealing with diseases of the kidney) Catheter (cath) Distended Stretched out (a bladder is distended when filled with urine) Involuntary urination Procedure for removing impurities from the blood because of an inability of the kidneys to so Inability to control bladder and/or bowels Stricture Micturate To urinate or void Void Peritoneal dialysis Procedure for removing toxic wastes when the kidney is unable to so; the peritoneal cavity is used as the receptacle for the fluid used in the dialysis Acute renal failure Blood urea nitrogen IVP IVU Anuria Diuresis Dysuria Glycosuria Hematuria Meatal Enuresis Hemodialysis (HD) Incontinence ARF BUN Nocturia Albumin in the urine (albumin is an important protein in the blood, but when found in the urine, it indicates a kidney problem) Night urination Oliguria Scanty urine (amount) Polyuria Pyuria Urinary Urologist Much (excessive) urine Pus in the urine Pertaining to the urine A physician who studies and treats diseases of the urinary tract Study of the urinary tract (a branch of medicine dealing with diseases of the male and female urinary systems and the male reproductive system) Flexible, tubelike device, such as a urinary catheter, for withdrawing or instilling fluids Abnormal narrowing, such as a urethral stricture Urinal Urinary catheterization Receptacle for urine Passage of a catheter into the urinary bladder to withdraw urine Urodynamics Pertaining to the force and flow of urine within the urinary tract To empty or evacuate waste material, especially urine Intravenous pyelogram Intravenous utogram N.Tran cath CRF ESRD ESWL HD Testis, or testicle (pl testes, or testicles) Sperm (spermatozoon, pl spermatozoa) Testosterone Seminiferous tubules Epididymis Vas deferens, ductus deferens, or seminal duct Catheterization, catheter OAB Chronic renal failure SG End-stage renal disease UA Extracorporeal shock wave UTI lithotripsy Hemodialysis VCUG Chapter Terminology Primary male sex organs, Prostate gland paired, oval-shaped, and enclosed in a sac called the scrotum The testes produce spermatozoa (sperm cells) and the hormone testosterone The microscopic male germ Scrotum cell, which, when united with the ovum, produces a zygote (fertilized egg) that with subsequent development becomes an embryo The principle male hormone Penis Its chief function is to stimulate the development of male reproductive organs and secondary sex characteristics such as facial hair Approximately 900 coiled Glans penis tubes within the testes in which spermatogenesis occurs Coiled duct atop each of the Prepuce testes that provides for storage, transit, and maturation of the spermatozoa; continuous with the vas deferens Duct carrying the sperm from Semen the epididymis to the urethra The spermatic cord encloses each vas deferens with nerves, lymphatics, arteries, and veins The urethra also connects with the urinary bladder and carries urine outside the body A circular muscle constricts during Overactive bladder Specific gravity Urinalysis Urinary tract infection Voiding cystourethrogram Encircles the upper end of the urethra The prostate gland secretes a fluid that aids in the movement of the sperm and ejaculation Sac suspended on both sides of and just behind the penis The testes are enclosed in the scrotum Male organ of urination and copulation (sexual intercourse) Enlarged tip on the end of the penis Fold of skin covering he glans penis in uncircumcised males (foreskin of the penis) Composed of sperm, seminal fluids, and other secretions N.Tran Seminal vesicles Balan/o Epididym/o Orchid/o, orchi/o, orch/o, test/o Andr/o intercourse to prevent urination Two main glands located at the base of the bladder that open into the vas deferens The glands secrete a thick fluid, which forms part of the semen Glans penis Epididymis Testis, testicle Male -ism State of Balanitis Inflammation of the glans penis Balanorrhea Discharge from the glans penis Excessive development pertaining to the prostate gland (nonmalignant enlargement of prostate gland) State of hidden testes (During fetal development, testes are located in the abdominal area near the kidneys Before birth they move down into the scrotal sac Failure of the testes to descend from the abdominal cavity into the scrotum before birth results in cryptorchidism, or undescended testicles.) Inflammation of the epididymis Inflammation of the testis and epididymis The inability of the male to attain or maintain an erection sufficient to perform sexual intercourse (formerly called impotence) Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) Cryptorchidism Epididymitis Orchiepididymitis Erectile dysfunction Genitalia (genitals) Reproductive organs (male or female) Prostat/o Vas/o Vesicul/o Prostate gland Vessel, duct Seminal vesicle Sperm/o, spermat/o Anorchism Spermatozoon (pl spermatozoa), sperm State of absence of testis (unilateral or bilateral) Inflammation of the testis or testicle Orchitis, orchiditis, or testitis Prostatitis Prostatocystitis Inflammation of the prostate gland Inflammation of the prostate gland and the bladder Prostatolith Stone in the prostate gland Prostatorrhea Discharge from the prostate gland Inflammation of the prostate gland and seminal vesicles Cancer of the prostate gland, usually occurring later in life Prostatovesiculitis Prostate cancer N.Tran Hydrocele Scrotal swelling caused by a collection of fluid Testicular cancer Phimosis A tightness of the prepuce (foreskin of the penis) that prevents its retraction over the glans penis; it may be congenital or a result of balanitis Circumcision is the usual treatment Testicular torsion Priapism Persistent abnormal erection of the penis accompanied by pain and tenderness Surgical repair of the glans penis Excision of an epididymis Varicocele Excision of the testis (bilateral orchidectomy also is called castration) Surgical fixation of a testicle (performed to bring undescended testicle(s) into the scrotum) Incision into a testis Prostatovesiculect omy Orchioplasty Surgical repair of a testis Vesiculectomy Prostatectomy Excision of the prostate gland Surgical removal of a hydrocele Circumcision Excision of the prostate gland Transurethral Balanoplasty Epididymectomy Orchidectomy, orchiectomy Orchidopexy, orchiopexy Orchidotomy, orchiotomy Hydrocelectomy Radical Prostatocystotom y Prostatolithotomy Vasectomy Vasovasostomy Transurethral incision of the prostate gland (TUIP) Cancer of the testicle, usually occurring in men 15 to 35 years of age Twisting of the spermatic cord causing decreased blood flow to the testis; occurs most often during puberty and often presents with sudden onset of severe testicular or scrotal pain Because of lack of blood flow to the testis, it is often considered a surgical emergency Enlarged veins of the spermatic cord Incision into the prostate gland and bladder Incision into the prostate gland to remove a stone Excision of the prostate gland and seminal vesicles Excision of a duct (partial excision of the vas deferens bilaterally, resulting in male sterilization) Creation of artificial openings between ducts (severed ends of the vas deferens are reconnected in an attempt to restore fertility in men who have had a vasectomy Excision of the seminal vesicle(s) Surgical removal of the prepuce (foreskin) A surgical procedure that widens the urethra by making a few small incisions in the bladder neck and the prostate land No prostate tissue is removed TUIP may be used instead of TURP when the prostate gland is less enlarged A treatment that eliminates N.Tran Prostatectomy (RP) with its capsule, seminal vesicles, vas deferens and sometimes pelvic lymph nodes; performed by a retropubic or perineal approach, or laparoscopically; used to treat prostate cancer Excision of the prostate gland through an abdominal incision made above the pubic bone and through an incision in the bladder; used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer (also called suprapubic transvesical prostatectomy) Delivers precise microwavable energy to heat and destroy prostate tissue while a cooling mechanism protects the surrounding tissue microwave thermotherapy (TUMT) excess tissue present in benign prostatic hyperplasia by using heat generated by microwave Transurethral resection of the prostate gland (TURP) Surgical removal of pieces of the prostate gland tissue by using a resectoscope inserted through the urethra The capsule is left intact; usually preformed when the enlarged prostate gland interferes with urination Photoselective vaporization of the prostate gland (PVP) Transurethral resection of the prostate gland (TURP) Uses a resectoscope through the urethra to the prostate gland The end of the instrument is equipped to remove pieces of enlarged prostate gland to relieve bladder outlet obstruction Transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) A blood test that measures the level of prostate-specific antigen in the blood Elevated test results may indicate the presence of prostate cancer or excess prostate tissue as found in benign prostatic hyperplasia Digital rectal examination (DRE) Uses a laser system operated through a cystoscope inserted through the urethra to the prostate gland Overgrown prostate tissue is vaporized using heat generated by the laser An ultrasound procedure used to diagnose prostate cancer Sound waves are sent and received by a transducer in the form of a probe that is placed into the rectum The sound waves are transformed into an image of the prostate gland A physical examination in which the physician inserts a finger into the rectum and feels for the size and shape of the prostate gland through the rectal wall Used to screen for BPH and cancer of the prostate BPH usually presents as a uniform, nontender enlargement, whereas cancer usually presents as a stony hard nodule Suprapubic prostatectomy Cooled ThermoTherapy device N.Tran Semen analysis Aspermia Oligospermia Artificial insemination Azoospermia Chlamydia Microscopic observation of ejaculated semen, revealing the size, structure, and movement of sperm; used to evaluate male infertility and to determine the effectiveness of a vasectomy (also called sperm count and sperm test) Condition of being without sperm (or semen or ejaculation) Condition of scanty sperm (in the semen; may contribute to infertility) Adropathy A disease of the male (specific to the male such as testitis) Spermatolysis Dissolution (destruction) of sperm Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) Introduction of semen into the vaginal by artificial means Lack of live sperm in the semen Homosexual A disease that affects the body’s immune system, transmitted by exchange of body fluid during the sexual act, ruse of contaminated needles, or receiving contaminated blood transfusions (also called acquired immune deficiency syndrome) Person who is attracted to a member of the same sex A sexually transmitted disease, sometimes referred to as a silent STD because many people are not aware they have the disease Symptoms that occur when the disease becomes serious are painful urination and discharge from the penis in men and genital itching, vaginal discharge, and bleeding between menstrual periods in women The Human papillomavirus (HPV) Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) A type of retrovirus that causes AIDS HIV infects Thelper cells of the immune system, allowing for opportunistic infections such as candidiasis, Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia, tuberculosis, and Kaposi sarcoma A prevalent sexually transmitted disease causing benign or cancerous growths in male and female genitals (also called venereal warts) N.Tran Coitus Condom Ejaculation causative agent is C trachomatis Sexual intercourse between male and female (also called copulation) Cover for the penis worn during coitus to prevent conception and the spread of sexually transmitted disease Ejection of semen from the male urethra Infertility Reduced or absent ability to produce offspring Orgasm Climax of sexual stimulation Puberty Period when secondary sex characteristics develop and the ability to reproduce sexually begins Diseases, such as syphilis, gonorrhea, and genital herpes, transmitted during sexual contact (also called venereal disease and sexually transmitted infection [STI]) Process that renders an individual unable to produce offspring Chronic infection caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum, which usually is transmitted by sexual contact, may be acquired in utero, or (less often) contracted through direct contact with infected tissue If untreated, the infection usually progresses through three clinical stages with a latent period The initial local infection quickly becomes systemic with widespread dissemination of the bacterium A sexually transmitted disease caused by a one-cell organism, Trichomonas It infects the genitourinary tract Men may be asymptomatic or may develop urethritis, an enlarged prostate gland, or Genital herpes Sexually transmitted disease caused by Herpesvirus hominis type (also called herpes simplex virus) Sexually transmitted disease (STD) Gonads Male and female sex glands Sterilization Gonorrhea Contagious, inflammatory sexually transmitted disease caused by a bacterial organism that affects the mucous membranes of the genitourinary system Syphilis Heterosexual Person who is attracted to a member of the opposite sex Trichomoniasis N.Tran AIDS BPH DRE ED HIV TUMT Ovaries Ovum (pl ova) Graafian follicles Uterine, or fallopian tubes Fimbria (pl fimbriae) Uterus Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome Benign prostatic hyperplasia Digital rectal exam Erectile dysfunction Human immunodeficiency virus Transurethral microwave thermotherapy epididymitis Women have vaginal itching, dysuria, and vaginal or urethral discharge Prostate-specific antigen PSA RP STD TRUS TUIP HPV Human papillomav irus Chapter Terminology Pair of almond-shaped Fundus organs located in the pelvic cavity Egg cells are formed and stored in the ovaries Female egg cell Cervix (Cx) 100,000 microscopic sacs that make up a large portion of the ovaries Each follicle contains an immature ovum Normally one graafian follicle develops to maturity monthly between puberty and menopause It moves to the surface of the ovary and releases the ovum, which passes into the uterine tube Pair of 5-inch (12-13cm) tubes, attached to the uterus, that provide passageway for the ovum to move from the ovary to the uterus Finger-like projection at the free end of the uterine tube Vagina Pear-sized and pear-shaped muscular organ that lies in the pelvic cavity, except during pregnancy when it enlarges ad extends up into Bartholin glands Radical prostatectomy Sexually transmitted disease Transrectal ultrasound Transurethral incision of the prostate TURP Transurethral resection of the prostate Rounded upper portion of the uterus Narrow lower portion of the uterus A 3-inch (7-8cm) tube that connects the uterus to the outside of the body Hymen Fold of membrane found near the opening of the vagina Rectouterine pouch Pouch between the posterior wall of the uterus and the anterior wall of the rectum (also called Douglas cul-desac) Pair of mucus-producing glands located on each side of the vagina and just above the vaginal opening N.Tran Endometrium Myometrium the abdominal cavity Its functions are menstruation, pregnancy, and labor Inner lining of the uterus Mammary glands, or breasts Cervic/o Muscular middle layer of the uterus Outer thin layer that covers the surface of the uterus Large central portion of the uterus Cervix Colp/o, Vagin/o Culd/o Episi/o, vulv/o Gynec/o, gyn/o Hymen/o Peri- Vagina Cul-de-sac Vulva Woman Hymen Surrounding (outer) Hyster/o, metr/o, metr/i Mamm/o, mast/o Men/o Oophor/o Perine/o Salping/o -atresia -salpinx Uterine tube (fallopian tube) Amenorrhea Bartholin adenititis Menorrhagia Cervicitis Inflammation of a Bartholin gland (also called bartholinitis) Inflammation of the cervix Colpitis, vaginitis Inflammation of the vagina Myometritis Dysmenorrhea Painful menstrual discharge Oligomenorrhea Endocervicitis Inflammation of the inner (lining) of the cervix Inflammation of the inner (lining) of the uterus (endometrium) Blood in the uterine tube Water in the uterine tube Oophoritis Salpingocele Mastitis Closure of the uterus (uterine cavity) Inflammation of the breast Menometrorrhagi Rapid flow of blood from the Adenomyosis Perimetrium Corpus, or body Endometritis Hematosalpinx Hydrosalpinx Hysteratresia Mammary papilla Areola Arche/o Metrorrhagia Pair of milk-producing glands of the female Each breast consists of 15 to 20 divisions, or lobes Breast nipple Pigmented area around the breast nipple First, beginning Uterus Breast Menstruation Ovary Perineum Uterine tube (fallopian tube) Absence of a normal body opening; occlusion; closure Absence of menstrual discharge Rapid flow of blood at menstruation (increased amount) Rapid flow of blood from the uterus (between menstrual cycles) Inflammation of the uterine muscle (myometrium) Scanty menstrual flow (less often) Inflammation of the ovary Perimetritis Inflammation surrounding the uterus (perimetrium) Pyosalpinx Salpingitis Pus in the uterine tube Inflammation of the uterine tube Hernia of the uterine tube Vulvovaginitis Inflammation of the vulva and vagina Growth of endometrium into N.Tran a Breast cancer Cervical cancer Endometrial cancer Endometriosis Fibrocystic breast disease Fibroid tumor Colpoperineorrhap hy Colpoplasty Colporrhaphy Episioperineoplast y Episiorrhaphy uterus at menstruation (and between menstrual cycles; increased amounts) Malignant tumor of the breast Malignant tumor of the cervix, which progresses from cellular dysplasia to carcinoma Its cause is linked to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection the muscular portion of the uterus Ovarian cancer Malignant tumor of the endometrium (also called uterine cancer) Abnormal condition in which endometrial tissue grows outside of the uterus in various areas in the pelvic cavity, including ovaries, uterine tubes, intestines, and uterus Prolapsed uterus A disorder characterized by one or more benign cysts in the breast Benign fibroid tumor of the uterine muscle (also called myoma of the uterus or leiomyoma) Suture of the vagina and perineum (performed to mend perineal vaginal tears) Vesicovaginal fistula Malignant tumor of the ovary Inflammation of the female pelvic organs that can be caused by many different pathogens If untreated, the infection may spread upward from the vagina, involving the uterus, uterine tubes, ovaries, and other pelvic organs An ascending infection result in infertility and, in acute cases, fatal septicemia Downward displacement of the uterus into the vagina (also called hysteroptosis) A severe illness characterized by high fever, rash, vomiting, diarrhea, and myalgia, followed by hypotension and, in severe cases, shock and death; usually affects menstruating women using tampons; caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes Abnormal opening between the bladder and the vagina Cervicectomy Excision of the cervix Mastoplexy Surgical repair of the vagina Suture of the vagina (wall of the vagina) Surgical repair of the vulva and perineum Suture of (a tear in) the vulva Oophorectomy Perineorrhapy Salpingectomy Surgical fixation of the breast (performed to lift sagging breast tissue or to create symmetry) Excision of an ovary Suture of (a tear in) the perineum Excision of a uterine tube Salpingooophorectomy Excision of the uterine tube and ovary Pelvic inflammatory disease Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) N.Tran Hymenectomy Excision of the hymen Salpingostomy Hymenotomy Hysterectomy Incision of the hymen Excision of the uterus Vulvectomy Subtotal hysterectomy Hysteropexy Surgical fixation of the uterus Total hysterectomy Hysterosalpingooophorectomy Excision of the uterus, uterine tubes, and ovaries Panhysterectomy Mammoplasty Surgical repair of the breast (performed to enlarge or reduce in size, or to reconstruct after removal of tumor) Laparoscopicassisted vaginal hysterectomy Mastectomy Surgical removal of a breast Radial mastectomy Modified radical mastectomy Removal of breast tissue, nipple, and lymph nodes Segmental mastectomy Simple mastectomy Removal of breast tissue and nipple; also called total mastectomy Lumpectomy Subcutaneous mastectomy Removal of breast tissue only, preserving the overlying skin, nipple and areola Anterior and posterior colporrhaphy (A&P repair) Conization The surgical removal of a Sentinel lymph Creation of an artificial opening in a uterine tube (performed to restore patency) Excision of the vulva Excision of the uterus, excluding the cervix; rarely performed Excision of the uterus (abdominal, vaginal, or laparoscopic) Excision of the uterus, ovaries, uterine tubes; lymph nodes, upper portion of the vagina, and the surrounding tissues (abdominal) Vaginal excision of the uterus with the use of the laparoscope to view the abdominopelvic cavity Laparoscopic instruments are used to sever the ligaments that hold the uterus in place Removal of breast tissue, nipple, lymph nodes, and underlying chest wall muscle; also called Halsted mastectomy (rarely performed) Removal of a quadrant, or wedge, of breast tissue; also called quadrantectomy Removal of the cancerous lesion along with a margin of surrounding healthy breast tissue; Also called partial mastectomy or breastconserving surgery Surgical repair of a weakened vaginal wall to correct a cystocele (protrusion of the bladder against the anterior wall of the vagina) and a rectocele (protrusion of the rectum against the posterior wall of the vagina) An injection of blue dye N.Tran cone-shaped area of the cervix; used in the treatment for noninvasive cervical cancer (also called cone biopsy) node biopsy Dilation (widening) of the cervix and scraping of the endometrium with an instrument called a curette It is performed to diagnose disease, to correct bleeding, and to empty uterine contents, such as tissue remaining after a miscarriage A procedure to destroy or remove the endometrium by use of laser or thermal energy; used to treat abnormal uterine bleeding Stereotactic breast biopsy Laparoscopy or laparoscopic surgery Visual examination of the abdominal cavity, accomplished by inserting a laparoscope through a tiny incision near the umbilicus It is used for surgical procedures such as tubal sterilization (closure of the uterine tubes), hysterectomy, oophorectomy, or biopsy of the ovaries It may also be used to diagnose endometriosis Uterine artery embolization (UAE) Myomectomy Excision of a fibroid tumor (myoma) from the uterus Hysterosalpingogr am Mammogram Radiographic image of the breast Culdoscope Mammography Radiographic imaging of the Culdoscopy Dilation and curettage (D&C) Endometrial ablation Tubal ligation and/or radioactive isotope used to identify the sentinel lymph node(s), the first in the axillary chain and most likely to contain metastasis of breast cancer The nodes are removed and microscopically examined If negative, no more nodes are removed A technique that combines mammography and computer-assisted biopsy to obtain tissue from a breast lesion Closure of the uterine tubes for sterilization by tying (ligation)(the broader term “tubal sterilization” includes cauterizing the cut ends)(also called “tying of tubes”) Minimally invasive procedure used to treat fibroids of the uterus by blocking arteries that supply blood to the fibroids First, an arteriogram is used to identify the vessels Once identified, tiny gelatin beads, about the size of grains of sand, are inserted into the vessels to create a blockage The blockage stops the blood supply to the fibroids causing them to shrink Radiographic image of the uterus and uterine tubes (after injection of a contrast agent) Instrument used for visual examination of Douglas culde-sac (rectouterine pouch) Visual examination of N.Tran Sonohysterograph y Colposcope Colposcopy Transvaginal sonography (TVS) CA-125 (cancer antigen-125 tumor marker) Gynecology (GYN) Gynopathic Leukorrhea breast (also called digital mammography when images are obtained electronically and viewed on a computer) Process of recording the uterus by use of sound (an ultrasound procedure) Instrument used for visual examination of the vagina (and cervix) Visual examination (with a magnified view) of the vagina (and cervix) An ultrasound procedure that uses a transducer placed in the vagina to obtain images of the ovaries, uterus, cervix, uterine tubes, and surrounding structures; used to diagnose masses such as ovarian cysts or tumors, to monitor pregnancy, and to evaluate ovulation for the treatment of infertility A blood test used in the detection of ovarian cancer It is also used to monitor treatment to determine the extent of the disease Study of women (a branch of medicine dealing with diseases of the female reproductive system) Pertaining to diseases of women Douglas cul-de-sac (rectouterine pouch) Hysteroscope Hysteroscopy Culdocentesis Pap smear Surgical puncture to remove fluid from the Douglas cul-desac (rectouterine pouch) A cytological study of cervical and vaginal secretions to determine the presence of abnormal or cancerous cells; most commonly used to detect cancers of the cervix (also called Papanicolaou smear and Pap test) Gynecologist A physician who studies and treats diseases of women (female reproductive system) Mastoptosis Sagging breast Menarche Beginning of menstruation (usually occurring between ages of 11 and 16) Pertaining to the vagina White discharge (from the vagina) Pain in the breast Vaginal Dyspareunia Difficult or painful intercourse Menopause Fistula Abnormal passageway between two organs or between an internal organ and the body surface Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) Mastalgia Instrument used for visual examination of the uterus (uterine cavity) Visual examination of the uterus (uterine cavity) Vulvovaginal Pertaining to the vulva and vagina Cessation of menstruation, usually around the ages of 48 to 53 years A syndrome involving physical and emotional symptoms occurring in the 10 days before menstruation N.Tran Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) A&P repair Cx D&C FBD GYN HRT PID Vulva, or external genitalia Perineum Replacement of hormones, estrogen and/or progesterone, to treat symptoms associated with menopause Anterior and posterior colporrhaphy Cervix Dilation and curettage Speculum Symptoms include nervous tension, irritability, mastalgia, edema, and headache Its cause is not fully understood Instrument for opening a body cavity to allow visual inspection PMS Premenstrual syndrome SHG TAH/BSO Sonohysterography Total abdominal hysterectomy/bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy Toxic shock syndrome Total vaginal hysterectomy Transvaginal sonography Fibrocystic breast disease TSS Gynecology TVH Hormone replacement TVS therapy Pelvic inflammatory disease UAE Uterine artery embolization Two pairs of lips (labia Clitoris Highly erogenous erectile majora and labia minora) body located anterior to the that surround the vagina urethra Pelvic floor in both the male and female In females it usually refers to the area between the vaginal opening and the anus [...]... vitreous humor (used to treat diabetic retinopathy) Miotic: agent that constricts the pupil Mydriatic: agent that dilates the pupil Oculus dexter (OD): medical term for right eye Oculus sinister (OS): medical term for left eye Oculus uterque (OU): medical term for each eye Optician: a specialist who fills prescription for lenses (cannot prescribe lenses) Optometrist: a health professional who prescribes... section: the birth of a baby thru an incision of the mom's abdomen and uterus meconium: 1st stool of the newborn (greenish black) obstetrician: physicians who specifalizes in obstetrics obstetrics (OB): medical specialty dealing with pregnancy, birth, and puerperium parturition: act of giving birth premature infant: infant born before completing 37 weeks of gestation puerperium: period from delivery until... Optometrist: a health professional who prescribes corrective lenses or eye exercises Visual acuity (VA): sharpness of vision for either distance or nearness N.Tran Nose Nasal septum Paranasal sinuses Chapter 5 Terminology Lined with mucous Trachea membrane and fine hairs; it acts as a filter to moisten and warm the entering air Partition separating the right Bronchus (pl and left nasal cavities bronchi) Air... VPS O2 Oxygen BiPAP CPT CPAP Chest physiotherapy MDI Continuous positive airway NPPV pressure Dry powder inhaler PEP Heat/moisture exchanger SVN Intermittent positive-pressure VAP breathing Chapter 6 Terminology Two bean-shaped organs Ureters located on each side of the abdominal cavity behind the parietal peritoneum Their function is to remove waste products from the blood and to aid in maintaining... Epididymis Vas deferens, ductus deferens, or seminal duct Catheterization, catheter OAB Chronic renal failure SG End-stage renal disease UA Extracorporeal shock wave UTI lithotripsy Hemodialysis VCUG Chapter 7 Terminology Primary male sex organs, Prostate gland paired, oval-shaped, and enclosed in a sac called the scrotum The testes produce spermatozoa (sperm cells) and the hormone testosterone The microscopic