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User Interface Design for Mere Mortals ® Addison-Wesley presents the For Mere Mortals ® Series Series Editor: Michael J Hernandez The goal of the For Mere Mortals ® Series is to present you with information on important technology topics in an easily accessible, common-sense manner The primary audience for Mere Mortals books is that of readers who have little or no background or formal training in the subject matter Books in the Series avoid dwelling on the theoretical and instead take you right into the heart of the topic with a matter-of-fact, hands-on approach.The books are not designed to address all the intricacies of a given technology, but they not avoid or gloss over complex, essential issues either Instead, they focus on providing core, foundational knowledge in a way that is easy to understand and that will properly ground you in the topic.This practical approach provides you with a smooth learning curve and helps you to begin to solve your real-world problems immediately It also prepares you for more advanced treatments of the subject matter, should you decide to pursue them, and even enables the books to serve as solid reference material for those of you with more experience.The software-independent approach taken in most books within the Series also teaches the concepts in such a way that they can be applied to whatever particular application or system you may need to use Titles in the Series: Database Design for Mere Mortals ®, Second Edition: A Hands-On Guide to Relational Database Design Michael J Hernandez ISBN: 0201752840 SQL Queries for Mere Mortals ®: A Hands-On Guide to Data Manipulation in SQL Michael J Hernandez and John L.Viescas ISBN: 0201433362 UML for Mere Mortals ® Robert A Maksimchuk and Eric J Naiburg ISBN: 0321246241 VSTO for Mere Mortals™ Kathleen McGrath and Paul Stubbs ISBN: 0321426711 For more information, check out the series web site at www.awprofessional.com/ForMereMortalsSeries User Interface Design for Mere Mortals đ Eric Butow Boston ã San Francisco • New York • Toronto • Montreal London • Munich • Paris • Madrid Cape Town • Sydney • Tokyo • Singapore • Mexico City Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks Where those designations appear in this book, and the publisher was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed with initial capital letters or in all capitals Microsoft product screenshot(s) reprinted with permission from Microsoft Corporation The author and publisher have taken care in the preparation of this book but make no expressed or implied warranty of any kind and assume no responsibility for errors or omissions No liability is assumed for incidental or consequential damages in connection with or arising out of the use of the information or programs contained herein The publisher offers excellent discounts on this book when ordered in quantity for bulk purchases or special sales, which may include electronic versions and/or custom covers and content particular to your business, training goals, marketing focus, and branding interests For more information, please contact: U.S Corporate and Government Sales 800-382-3419 corpsales@pearsontechgroup.com For sales outside the United States, please contact: International Sales international@pearsoned.com Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data: Butow, Eric User interface design for mere mortals / Eric Butow p cm Includes bibliographical references ISBN 0-321-44773-5 (pbk : alk paper) User interfaces (Computer systems) I Title QA76.9.U83B88 2007 005.4’37—dc22 2007005652 © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America This publication is protected by copyright, and permission must be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise For information regarding permissions, write to: Pearson Education, Inc Rights and Contracts Department One Lake Street Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Fax: (201) 236-3290 ISBN 0-32-144773-5 Text printed in the United States on recycled paper at RR Donnelley, Crawfordsville, Indiana First printing, May 2007 For my family, who have always supported me and never hesitate to tell me what I need to hear In loving memory of three of my cats I’ve lost recently: Oreo, Josette, and Tigger Life isn’t the same without them, though their mother, Mewsette, doesn’t mind having me all to herself This page intentionally left blank Contents xv Preface Acknowledgments xvii About the Author xix Introduction xxv Who Should Read This Book xxi The Purpose of This Book xxii How to Read This Book xxii How This Book Is Organized xxiii CHAPTER Brief Histories The History of Graphical User Interfaces Xerox Alto Apple Macintosh Microsoft Windows Linux The History of Web Design The Birth of the Internet Mosaic The Netscape Revolution Internet Explorer and Its Impact on Design Differences in Look and Feel Windows GUI Mac OS GUI Linux GUI Web Pages Java and Other Web Programs 1 8 9 10 11 11 12 13 14 Summary 14 Review Questions 15 vii viii Contents CHAPTER Concepts and Issues Computing Terms Graphical User Interface (GUI) Operating Systems Parts of a GUI Internet World Wide Web User Interface Models Batch Interface Command-Line Interface The Text User Interface Graphical User Interfaces Web Interfaces Interfaces That Integrate with These Models Other Interfaces Design Improvements and Aggravations Windows Vista Mac OS X Linux Web Design Improvments What’s Still Not Fixed Future Plans Windows Vienna Mac OS Web Browsers and Their Impact on Design Up-and-Coming Interfaces Usability Terms Usability Engineers Usability Scientists User Experience Professionals Types of Usability Design User Analysis Terms The Goal-Directed Design Process Testing Methods 17 18 18 18 19 23 25 27 28 28 30 30 32 34 36 38 38 39 40 41 42 43 43 43 43 44 47 48 48 48 48 49 49 49 User Analysis Trends 50 Accessibility Issues 51 Section 508 Accessibility Web Site Accessibility 52 52 Contents Operating System Accessibility ix 54 Summary 55 Review Questions 57 CHAPTER Making the Business Case Gaps Between Stakeholders What Users Expect What Engineers or Designers Expect What Sales and Marketing People Expect What Managers Expect 59 60 61 61 62 62 Developing a Business Case Framework 63 The Benefits of Good Design 64 Long-Term Production Costs Lower Customer Support Costs Greater Customer Retention 65 66 67 The Case for Profitability 67 Proving ROI 69 ROI Specifics Calculate the Dollar Amount The Usability Engineering Life Cycle Phase 1: Requirements Analysis Phase 2: Design, Testing, and Development Phase 3: Installation and Feedback The Never-Ending Process 69 70 71 72 73 75 76 The Case Study: Mike’s Bikes 76 Summary 82 Review Questions 84 CHAPTER Good Design 85 Good Design Goals 86 Are Designers Against Users? 87 User Constraints Designer Constraints Bridging the Gap Paper Prototyping and Storyboarding What Paper Prototyping Is and Isn’t 88 88 89 90 91 .. .User Interface Design for Mere Mortals ® Addison-Wesley presents the For Mere Mortals ® Series Series Editor: Michael J Hernandez The goal of the For Mere Mortals ® Series is... for Mere Mortals? ?? Kathleen McGrath and Paul Stubbs ISBN: 0321426711 For more information, check out the series web site at www.awprofessional.com/ForMereMortalsSeries User Interface Design for. .. Graphical User Interface (GUI) Operating Systems Parts of a GUI Internet World Wide Web User Interface Models Batch Interface Command-Line Interface The Text User Interface Graphical User Interfaces