QUA TRINH XAY DUMG D l / ^ G SAT HAI PHONG - CON MINH TRONG CUOC KHAI THAC THUOC DjA LAN THUT NHAT Of VIET NAM VA VIEC TUYEN MO, QUAN Ll NHAN CONG CUA HGlftR PHAP HA THI THU THUY' NGUViN THI LAN PHUONG" V ao eudi thd' ky XIX, dfiu thd' ky XX, thiic dfin phUdng Tay dfi'u d^ don ve dfit nudc Trung Hoa rdng ldn NgUdi Phfip eiing vfiy Bao efio eua cac phai dofin did'u tra da dem v^ eho ho nhfing sd* hdu vi sU gifiu cd cua vung Van Nam Trong dd, dudng sdng Hdng da td ro nhfing bfi't ldi ldn vide vfin tai giao thUdng Do dd, chfnh quyin thfie dfin nhfin thfi'y can phai nhanh chdng thay th§' eon dudng huyd't mach lau ddi nfiy bang mdt eon dudng sfit ndi liln tfi cang biln ldn nhfi't Bfic Ky dd'n thu phu eua tinh Vfin Nam Day lfi canh eiia de ngfidi Phfip cd t h i tid'n sfiu vfio ndi dia Trung Qu6c vfi tao mot thi trUdng rdng ldn dfi't nfide dong dan, giau cd nfiy Hdn nfla, ngfidi Phfip phai hfinh ddng nhanh chdng vi ngfidi Anh d Miln Di§n eung dang tim dudng de vfio Van Nam Vide Paul Doumer ed mat d Ddng Dfidng da tao nen bfide ngofit quan cho ljch sit cua tuyen dfidng sfit tram tudi nfiy S\i r a ddi c u a t u y ^ n difdng s a t Hai Phong-Con M i n h Ngay sau nhfim chfic Tofin quyen Ddng Dfidng, Paul Doumer da nhanh chdng khao sfit tinh hinh vfi dng eho rang "Sfi ylu kdm v l mang Ifidi giao thdng la trd lfic ehu yeu eho vide khai thac kinh te tr§n tofin xfi sd rdng ldn vfi it ddng nhfi't nfiy Tfi ban chfnh qudc da chan nan sU m^o hilm vfi diu tfi nhiJng dieu ki^n nhfi vfiy, vi ho c4n ed dudng xe Ifia, dfidng thiiy va hai eang" (1) Theo duli quan dilm nay, ban chfidng trinh de trinh ldn Nghi vi$n Phfip bao gom diem, dd dilm thfi cd ndi dung "ehii y xay dfing thilt bi to ldn eho Ddng Dfidng nhu xfiy dfing hg thdng dfidng sat, dfidng bd, sdng dfio, b i n cang, nhi3iig thfi efin thilt eho vide khai thae" (2) Trong dfi fin t h i l t lfip dfidng sfit d Ddng Dudng, tuyen dudng Hai Phong - Cdn Minh dUde dfit len hfing ddu Ngay sau dfia ra, dfi an nfiy da bi phan ddi lfip tfic vi chi phi ldn vfi khdng ean thilt Nhfing Paul Doumer dfi kidn tri bao ve cho dfi an cua minh bfing moi eaeh Bang nhieu nd luc ngoai giao, ngfiy vfi 10 thang nam 1898, ban hidp fide dfide ky k i t gifia ehinh quyen Phap vfi chinh quyin Trung Quoc Trong dd, cd dilu khoan quy dinh: "Chinh phu Trung Qudc ding y cho ehinh phu Phap hoae edng ty ma Phap se ehi dinh quyen xfiy dfing tuyln dfidng sat tfi bien gidi Bfie Ky tdi Cdn Minh Chinh phu Trung QuIe ' PGS-lS Khoa Lich sfi, Trudng Dai hoc Su ph^m Thfii Nguyen " ThS Sd Vfin hda The thao vfi Du lieh Lfio Cai Rghien cihi Ljch silr stf 6.8015 khdng cd nhiem v^ nfio khac ngofii viec dfinh dfit cho tuyen dudng vfi cae vfing phi^ cfin ciia nd Sd eiia tuyen dfidng cung nhfi quy dinh phai dfidc xae dinh sau sfi thda thufin ehung gifia hai ehinh phu" (3) Kit qua ngoai giao cung vdi mdt n l n tai ehfnh dang tfing ngay, tCfng gid hoi sinh vfi phat triln, mot vung dfi't gifiu cd dang hfia hen nhfing ldi nhufin kich xfi; mot eon dudng thfidng mai truyen thing da bdc 16 nhieu khd khfin, anh hfidng den edng cudc khai thfie thude dia Chi tiJfng fi'y thdi cung du d l Paul Doumer da thu phue dfidc ldng tin cua chfnh phii, Quoc hdi, vfi dfi lufin qufin chfing; thuylt phuc Hdi dong toi cao Ddng Dudng thdng qua d l nghi thilt lfip dudng sat vfi de trinh tilp lgn Nghi vi$n Phfip Chinh phu Phap dfi phe ehu^n dfi an nfiy Lufit ngfiy 25 thang 12 nfim 1898 ehinh thfie phe ehuan vide thilt lap tuyln dudng sfit trdn lanh thd Ddng Dfidng dd tuyln Hai Phdng - Ha Ndi - Lfio Cai dUdc dfit lgn hfing dau va can dUdc xfiy dfing nhanh chdng thdi gian tdi Ddl vdl tuyln Lfio Cai - Cdn Minh, giai phap nhu-ng quyin dfidc cho lfi kha thi nhfi't, dilu cua Lufit nfiy quy dinh: "Tofin quyin Ddng Dfidng dfide phdp ky k i t mot khoan dam bao v l ldi feh vdi eong ty nhfidng quyin d l xay dung va khai thfic tuyln dfidng Lfio Cai - Cdn Minh vfi phdn ke tilp 75 nfim va hfing nam cdng ty tra eho chinh quyen thudc dia mot khoan lai lfi tri$u Fr" (4) Thfie hi$n Dieu ciia Luat ngfiy 25 thang 12 nfim 1898, ngfiy 15 thfing nfim 1905, ban h ^ dong nhfidng quyin da dfide ky kit gifia Tofin quyin Ddng Dfidng vdi dai didn eua tfip dofin tu ban ldn lfi: Ngan hfing Ddng DUdng, dai dign la dng Homberg; Cue ehiet khfi'u Quoc gia Paris, dai di?n lfi dng Mercet vfi Rostand - Giam doc; Tong cdng ty giup dd phat triln thfidng mai va ki nghg Phap, d?i di$n dng Baron Hdly d'Oissel; T i n g edng ty tin dung ki nghfi va thfidng nghigp, d ^ dign lfi dng Desvaux • Giam d€c Ban h ^ dong nfiy gom dilu vdi ndi dung ed ban la ehfnh quyin Ddng Dfidng sg nhfidng lai quyin xay dfing tuyln dfidng sfit b Vfin Nam cho Cong ty nhfidng quyin Tuyln dfidng Hai Phdng - Lfio Cai Nha Cdng chinh Ddng Dudng tn;e tie'p xfiy dfing vfi giao lai cho Cdng ty khai thfic vao thdi gian sau: Doan Hai Phdng - Hfi Ndi trude ngfiy thfing nfim 1903, doan Hfi Ndi - Lfio Cai trfidc thang nam 1905 Ba thang, sau hdp dong nfiy dfidc kf kit, mot Cdng ty vd danh se dvlOc lfip tfi tfip dofin tfii chfnh ldn nfiy vdi so' voii 12,5 tridu Francs de thfic hien nhiing dilu khoan eiia hdp dong Thdi gian nhfidng quyin la 75 nfim va hfing nfim Cdng ty phai tra cho chfnh quyen thudc dia tri^u Francs Ngfiy 18 thang nam 1901, Ting thong nude Cdng hda Phap da sfie lgnh phg e h u ^ ban hdp dong nhu-ng quyen khai thfie doan dfidng sfit Hai Phdng - Lao Cai vfi xfiy dfing doan dfidng Lfio Cai - Cdn Minh gifia Tofin quyen Ddng Dfidng va dai dign efie tfip dofin tai ehfnh ngfiy 15 thfing 01 nfim 1901 Qua t r i n h x a y dfing 2.1 Phdn dudng tren lanh thd Bac Ky Ngfiy 25 thang 12 nfim 1898 lfi moc md dfiu cho qua trinh t h i l t lfip tuyln dfidng s^t Hai Phdng - Cdn Minh Ngfiy 20-41899, Uy ban cac Cdng trinh giao thdng cdng ehinh d thude dia quylt dinh xay dfing doan dfidng sfit Hai Phdng - Vi0t Tri va Quyet dinh 7-12-1900 cho ph6p xay dfing doan Viet Tri - Lao Cai Ong Paul Doumer lenh xfiy dfing nhiJng doan dfidng d l nhfi Hai Phdng - Hfi Npi - Vigt Tri ma khdng ehd ddi vige nghien cfiu ky thufit xay dfing tuyln Viet Tri - Lfio Cai 9u6 Mnh xay dimg dirimg sid hofin thfinh Vi t u y l n diidng tfi Hai Phdng den Vi$t Tri di qua mdt vfing dong dfin nen nhiing edng trinh xfiy dfing phai nhanh chdng hofin thi§n d l khdng gay ean trd d i n ddi sdhg nhfin dfin Dilu cua ban hdp dong nhfidng quyen dfide k^ ket gifia tofin quyin Paul Doumer vfi d ^ dien eiia tfip doan tfii ehinh Phap da ehi ro: "Tuyen dfidng sfit Hai Phdng Cdn Minh ed doan thfinh p h i Hai Phdng Lfio Cai thudc dia xay dfing vfi se giao l^i eho edng ty sap xip vfi sfi dung thdi han sau: - Doan Hai Phdng - Hfi Ndi: trfidc ngfiy 01 thang 04 nfim 1903 - Do^n Hfi Noi - Lao Cai trfidc thfing 04 nfim 1905" (5) Sau dfi'u thdu theo t h i thfie thdng thfidng vfi eanh tranh, nhfing edng trinh bfit ddu dfidc xfiy dfing Tfi Hai Phdng de'n Hfi Noi dfii 102 km {sit dung 5km cua tuyln dfidng Hfi Ndi - Nam Quan; 3km dfi0c thilt l^p cfing vdi qua trinh xfiy dfing edu Long Bien tfi thang 9-1898 d i n thfing 2-1902 ndi h l n ga "ddu cdu" (ch^ Dong Xuan) vdi ga Gia Lfim) dfide khdi cdng xay dung vfio nam 1901 vfi d i n 16-6-1902 tofin tuyen dfidc dfia vfio khai thac (6), thang 4-1903 dfidc ehuyen giao eho Cdng ty nhfidng quyin khai thae Ngfiy 10-3-1903, doan Ha Ndi - Vi$t Tri dfii 78 km (sii dung 5km cua tuyln dfidng Ha Ndi - Nam Quan tfi ga Hfi Ndi d i n ga Gia Lfim va sfi dung 6km eiia tuyln Ha Ndi - Nam Quan d Ygn Vien) dfi0c dfia vfio khai thfie, thang 11-1903 dfidc chuyin giao eho Cdng ty nhfidng quyin Doan Vi^t Tri - Yen Bai dfii 83 km dfide dfia vfio khai thac 1-7-1904 Doan Yen Bai - Lao Cai dfii 140 km va dfidc dfia vfio khai thac 1-2-1906 Din thang 4-1906, doan Viet Tri - Lao Cai dfide chuyin giao cho Cong ty nhfidng quyen 43 2.2 Phdn dudng tren lanh thd Vdn Nam (Trung Qudc) Tfi nfim 1898 d i n nam 1901, ehfnh quyin Ddng Dfidng nghign efiu, khao sat de trinh bay nhiing eon sd dam bao nguon tai ehinh mfi Lign bang Ddng Dfidng d l xufit Tfi nfim 1901 den nam 1903 lfi thdi gian de so sfinh sd hai tuyen dfidng: dfidng phia Tay va dfidng theo thung lung Nam Ty Phfii dofin eua Sd giao thdng edng chinh Ddng Dfidng da tiln hfinh khao sfit, ve sd dl tuyg'n dfidng tfi nfim 1898 va dfia sd theo dfidng phia Tfiy, dong thdi de xufi't viec nhfidng quyin xay dfing tuye'n dfidng cho efie tfip dofin tai ehinh ldn trfic tig'p xay dfing vfi khai thae Thang nfim 1899, phai doan ky sfi cua cac tfip dofin tai ehinh du^c dfia d i n Van Nam de xem xdt nhfing dilu kign xfiy dfing tuyg'n dudng sfit d day Sfi so sanh gifia hai phai doan tren lfim ed sd cho ban hdp ding dfidc k^ kg't ngfiy 15 thfing nfim 1901 Mdt edng ty vd danh (7) cd tgn xa hpi lfi Cdng ty Phfip Hda xa Ddng Dfidng vfi Vfin Nam tfip dofin tfii chinh Phap lfip nen da nh^n nhfidng quyin xfiy dfing tuyg'n dfidng Cdng ty nfiy giao lai eho mot nha thdu ldn lfi Cdng ty xfiy dfing Ddng Dfidng Cdng ty xay dfing Ddng Dfidng trfie tie'p cfi phfii dofin khao sfit eua minh den nghidn cfiu vung Van Nam D i n thang 3-1903, vide so sanh hai sd da k i t thuc va sd d l dfidng qua thung liing Nfim Ty da dfidc Ifia ehpn Tfi nam 1903 den nam 1905 lfi thdi gian sfip xep vfi to chfic cac edng trfidng xfiy dfing, bao gom viec chia nhd doan dfidng, td chfic dfi'u thdu, cfim cge trdn tuyg'n dfidng, tuyen md nhan cdng xay dfing cfie edng trinh ham ngam Viec dfi'u thdu da k i t thue vfio thang nfim 1903 vfi 12 nhfi thdu thfic hign 28 Id trgn tofin tuye'n dfidng Tfi nfim 1906-1908 la thdi gian boat ddng vdi vige Kgmen ciru iiicn sir, so o.zois hoan thien cae edng trinh xfiy dfing Tfi sau nam 1908 moi viec xfiy dfing gdn nhfi hoan hfinh vfi eae doan dfidng ddn dfide dfia vfio khai thac: Ngfiy 15-6-1908, doan tfi cay s l tdi cfiy so 71 dfide dfia vfio khai thfic; Ngay 15-4-1909, khai thfic tdi efiy so' 165; Ngay 1-5-1909, khai thae tdi cay so' 221: Ngay 1-6-1909, khai thae d i n eay so 236; Ngfiy 17-7-1909, khai thfic den efiy so 296; Ngfiy 10-1-1909, khai thfic din efiy so 396; Ngay 1-4-1910, khai thac dg'n cay so'cudi cung (8) Chfidng trinh khanh thfinh dfidc t l ehfie long trpng vfio ngfiy thang nam 1910 dfidng mfi each thfie to chfic xfiy dyiig, tuyln md nhan cdng eiing khac Tfi Hai Phdng d i n Viet Tri, tuyln dfidng dfide lam d vung dong bang, ddng dfin cU ngn vigc tuyln md nhan cdng diln in§t each de dfing Nha Cdng ehinh Ddng Dfidng vfi Chinh quyen thuoc dia d eae dia phfictag phli hdp vdi vide md phu Tuyln dfidng di qua dia phfidng nfio thi dia phfidng dd phai chiu traeh nhi^m vl so phu Chfic dich eae lang xa phai cung ctfp du s l dfin phu theo ygu cau Hinh thfic n^y lfi md phu cfidng bfic Hinh thfic md phu nfiy dfide thfic hidn theo Nghj dinh ciia Viec t u y e n mp va q u a n li n h a n Kinh Ifipc sfi Bfie Ky - Hoang Cao Khai nfim 1896 (10) cdng p h u c vu t u y e n dfidng Tfi Viet Tri den Lao Cai, tuyln dfidng 3.1 Viec tuydn mg nhdn cdng Trong cfie tfi heu luu trfi, ndi v l dpi dfidc xfiy dfing theo hinh thfic lfim ding ngu nhiing ngfidi tham gia trfic tie'p xay thdi tiJfng doan nhd thay vi lfim ldn Ifldt dfing tuyg'n dfidng sfit Hai Phdng - Cdn Toan tuye'n dfide ehia lam Id dl tig'n hfinh Minh, ngfidi ta sfi dung tfi coolie hoac dfi'u thdu: Vigt Tri - Ygn Bai 80km, Ygn BM ouvrier, la main - d'oeuvre Ngfidi Phap goi Trai Hut 49km, Trfii Hut Lfio Cai lfi coolie vdi S^ nghia lfi nhfing lao ddng phd 91,5km Id thfi nhfi't, viec xay dfing cfio thdng cd ban dinh trgn efie cdng trudng dfio edu kim loai dfide giao cho hang Daydldfi't, phfi dfi dl lfim edu hofic dfidng, khdi Pillet thdu, dng Guillaume thdu rai da md sdng ngdi (9) Hp khdng dfide dfio tao Balat vfi d^t dfidng ray (11) Vide dfio lfip nghl nghidp va h i t ban thi trd ve que dfi't, tao nen dfidng d Id thfi hai vfi thii ba eu lfim an Mdt so trfidng hdp, cac cai thdu dfidc khoan cho nhfing ngfidi Au Hdu hit ed sii dung efie thqf ed tay nghl dg phuc vu efie nha thdu deu chia nhd doan dfidng cho mdt so' hang muc cdng trinh nhfi't dinh vfi giao lai eho cae eai nhd ngfidi An Tuy nhien, dw tfidng nfiy s l Ifidng khong Nam hofic ngfidi Trung Quoc theo hinh nhilu Ddi ngu nhfing ngfidi lam dfidng nfiy thfie khofin hoac lfim cong nhfit cung chfnh lfi nhfing hat gid'ng ddu tien cua Ddu tign, cai thdu nhan thdu trfic tilp cong nhan khoi dfidng sfit sau nfiy doan dfidng nfio thi ed trfieh nhidm tuyln - Tuyin mg nh&n cong x&y dUng dogn md nhfin edng cho doan dfidng dd Vi^ dudng trin l&nh thd B&c Ky tuyen md dfidc giao cho mot cai tuyln vdi Theo ban hdp dong 15 thang nam hinh thfic md phu tinh nguy$n Song vi§c 1901, Sd Giao thdng cdng ehfnh Ddng tuyln mp efing efing trd nln kh6 Dfidng chiu traeh nhiem xay dUng tuye'n khfin Trong do, ygu edu ciia efic cong dfidng tren lfinh tho Bfic Ky, Cong ty Phap trinh giai doan eudi lgi ddi hdi phai Hda xa Ddng Dfidng vfi Van Nam xay dfing cd nhilu nhfin cdng Vi vfiy, Nha Cdng doan dfidng trgn lfinh tho Trung Quic Tfiy chfnh Ddng Dfidng da ygu cdu ehfnh quyin theo tfnh chfi't vfi dfic dilm eua tiJfng doan gifip dd t u y l n md nhfin edng Thfic chlft dfiy QUA trinh xfly dimg dudng sit chinh lfi hinh thfic md phu cfidng bfie cd tra Ifidng vfi ed thdi b a n (luan phien) Cdng vfin sd 1335 18 thfing nfim 1904 eua dng Larminat - Ky sfi trfidng phu trfieh cdu dfidng - Giam doe Nha Cdng chi'nh Ddng Dfidng gfii dg'n Thong sfi Bac Ky cd ndi dung: "chfing tdi d l nghi chfnh quyin giup dd t u y l n mp mdt so Ifidng ldn nhfin edng sau mfia mUa k i t thfic Chung toi mong muon ed sfi hdp tfic ciia chfnh quyin dia phfidng" (12) Thfic hign d l nghi cua Giam doc Nha Cdng chinh Ddng Dfidng, Thd'ng sfi Bfic Ky Ipnh cho Cdng sfi cfie tinh phai md du so' Ifidng theo yeu cdu cua Nha Cong ehinh Ddng Dudng Cdng sfi cae tinh lai phan v l eho cac lang vdi quy dinh: "moi lang phai tuyln md dupe 35 ngfidi so* Ifidng dUde giti den cong trfidng efing nhieu cfing td't" (13) cac lfing, ndng dan se dfidc lfip thfinh danh sfich, sau dd dfide tfip hdp thfinh mdt dpi khoang 35 ngfidi di gfii ve tinh Vigc tuyln md diln mpt each quylt lidt, manh me va tae ddng ldn dIh khfip efie lfing viing dong bang Ngfiy 24 thang nfim 1904, Thing sfi Bfic Ky gfii thfi tdi Cdng sfi 15 tinh Bfie ky va hai khu ngoai vi Ha Ndi, Hai Phdng yeu cdu tuyen md 10.050 ngfidi, ey thi: Bac Giang: 488; Bfic Ninh: 845; Cdu Dd (Ha Ddng): 1.055; Hfi Nam: 543; Hai Dfidng: 1390; Hfing Hoa: 641; Hfing Ygn: 741; Nam Dinh: 932; Ninh Binh: 536; Phde Ygn: 344; Phu Liln: 545; Sdn Tfiy: 395; Thfii Binh: 908; Vinh Ygn: 462; Yen Bai: 80; Ngoai vi Ha Npi: 88; Ngoai vi Hai Phdng: 58 (14) Thfic hi$n ygu edu nay, efie tinh da rao _ riit thfic hi^n ddt tuyln md dfide 7.975 ngfidi, eu the: Ngoai vi Hai Phdng 35; Thai Binh 1.300; Phuc Yen 210; Ngoai vi Hfi Npi: 70; Vinh Yen: 420; Sdn Tfiy: 380; Hfi Nam: 330; Phu Liln: 300; Ninh Binh: 350; Bfie Ninh: 600; Hung Ygn: 610; Hai Dfidng 1.000; Cdu Dd: 1.000; Nam Dinh: 1.050; Hung Hofi 320 (Xem bang 1) (15) Sau ddt tuyln md nfiy khdng lau, vao Bang 1: Danh sach phu cfie tinh duoc tuyen mo den lam vjte trin die cong trudng dudng s^t Y^n Bai - L&o Cai nflm 1904 Ngdy dl Solu^ng Tinh 18/9 35 Ngoai vi Hiii 25/9 26/9 27/9 500 500 300 120 90 70 27/9 28/9 28/9 28/9 29/9 30/9 30/9 I/IO 1/10 2/10 3/10 4/10 5/10 6/10 6/10 420 380 330 300 350 600 610 1000 1000 700 350 320 Thai Binh Phiic Yen Ngoai VI Hii Nfli Vinh Yen SonTav mNam Phu Liln Ninh Binh B4C Nmh HirnR Yen Hai Dirong CSuEto Nam E)inh Hung Hoa Noidi Tfadi gian xuat ph^t 12h35 Hai Phdng Oa Ga Ga Ga Ga Ga Nam Dinh Nam Dinh Nam Dinh DOng Anh Thach Lfli m NAi _, Ga Vmh Yen ScmTSv Ga Phu L« Ga Hai Ph6ng Ga Ninh Binh Ga B^c Ninh Himg Yen Ha NOi Ga Hai Duong Ga Ha NOi Ga Nam Dmh HimeHod Ngudn: Dipart des coolies ptmr Ies chantters de KH: RST 29818 TTLTQCl Noi den Ngay den Yen Bdi 5h30 19/9 7h 7h 6h llh30 12h llh Yen Yen Yen Yen Yen Yen Bdi Bai Bdi Bdi Bai Bdi chi^u 25/9 Chi^u 26/9 Chi^u 27/9 Oii^u 27/9 Chi^u 27/9 Chi€u 28/9 12h30 7h 7h 6h20 5h 7h 20h 10h30 8h 10h30 7h 6h 7h Yen Bdi Yen Bai Yen Bdi Yen Bdi Yen Bdi Yen Bdi Ha Nfli Yen Bdi Yen Bdi Yen Bdi Yen Bai Chi6u 28/9 Chi^u 29/9 Chi^u 29/9 Chi^u 30/9 Oii^u 30/9 Chi^u 1/10 9h 2/10 Chi^u 2/10 Oniu 3/10 Chi4u 4/10 Chi6u 5/10 Oii^u 6/10 Oii^u 6/10 Yen Bdi Phuong (ien Till hoa Titu hoa TSu hoa TSuhoa T^uhoa Xa liip Coloiide Tiu hoa TJuhoa Tiu hoa "Hlu hoa Xklip Tltuhoa •Ruhoa Huhoa l^uhoa XaidDCoIotide de chemins defer (bgne Trai hut - Laokay), 1904/J905, 46 thfing nfim 1905, mdt dpt tuyln md quy mo ldn khac lai dfide t l ehfic Trong d ^ nfiy, tuyln dfidc 6.178 ngfidi, eu t h i lfi: Ygn Bfii: 26, Hfing Hofi: 253, Clu Dd: 825, Nam Dinh: 1010, Hai Dfidng: 784; Phu Liln: 227, Vinh Ygn: 320, Bfic Nuih: 474, Ninh Binh: 278, Hfing Ydn: 474, Ha Nam: 208, Sdn Tfiy: 289, Thai Bmh: 1.010 (16) Sau mo du sl" ngfidi theo nhfi quy dinh, efic lfing lfip danh sfich gtd len Cdng sfi tinh So cdng nhan dfidc bac si khfim, ng'u khdng dap fing dfipc ygu edu sfic khde de lao ddng thi hp se hi lo^i Trong Cdng vfin so 673, ngfiy thang 10 nfim 1904 cua Cdng sfi Phfip d Phu Liln giti Thing sfi Bfie Ky neu ro: so cdng nhfin dfidc g i i lgn tfi cae lfing cd 60 ngfidi dfi hi loai sau kham sfie khoe vi qua gifi ho4c qua tre, sfie khoe ylu, hi nhfing bgnh dS Ifiy (17) Nhflng ngfidi du dilu kign ve sfic khde se dfidc phfin chia tfing nhdm vfi Nha Cdng chinh Dong Dfidng ehiu traeh nhi$m dfia hp de'n eae cdng trfidng Nhfin cdng dfidc v^n chuyin bang tau hda hofic xfi lup din Yen Bai Tfi Yen Bai, hp tilp tuc dfide dua de'n cae eong trfidng tren doe doan dfidng Ygn Bai - Lao Cai dudi sfi hd tong cua vign Thanh tra (18) Nhan cdng lam viec d edng trfidng thdng thfidng tfi den thang roi dfidc hli hfidng Nlu tiep tuc d Iai lfim se dfide nh§n them mdt khoan lfi 0,2 piastre hfing ngfiy eho thang thfi nhfi't vfi 0,1 piastre hfing ngfiy eho thfing thfi hai so vdi mfic Ifidng cu Song s l Ifipng nfiy khdng nhilu Nhflng quy dinh khdn kheo vfi mi dfin ban dfi fin tuyen mp nhan cdng nhfi: tiln Ifidng, qudn fio, ddi sdhg, nghi, hli hfidng da khdng cdn sfie ldi cuon dcTi vdi ngfidi Vipt Nam Vfi vi t h i nhfing ddt tuyln md ddt xufi't thfidng xuygn diln ra, gfiy ngn ndi khiep dam vfi su xao trpn ddi sing eua nhfin dan vung dong bfing Do dd Rghien CUTI Lich si stf 6.2Q15 vi$e gifl lai nhflng edng nhfin dang lfim tren cac cdng trfidng lfi dieu mfi eae nhfi thdu diu mong mud'n nhfing hp ehi thi;tc hi$n dvtdc nhflng trfidng hdp ed 1$ hdp ly, phai ditoc sfi cho phdp cua Tofin quyin Ddng Dfidng va ed thdng bfio din Cdng sfi cac tinh S l edng nhfin ed mfit trgn cfie cong trfidng dfidng sat Yen Bfii Lfio Cai lgn d i n 21.500 ngfidi, ehfia k l din 500 phu ngfidi Trung Quoc dfi^c Cdng ty Xfiy dfing Dfidng sfit Dong Dfidng gili sang theo de nghi eua Nha Cdng ehfnh Dong Dfidng Ngofii ra, cd mdt Ifidng tfidng dli ldn tu n h a n ngfidi Phfip, Trung Qudc, Vi$t Nam cung dfidc sfi dung - Tuyen md nh&n cdng x&y dUng dogn dudng tren lank thd V&n Nam (Trung Qudc) Trgn tuyen dfidng Lfio Cai - Con Minh, nguon nhan cong ehu y l u cae nhfi thdu trfie tiep tuyen mp Lfie ddu, tfi't ca moi ngfidi diu cho r^ng vige tuyln mo nhfin edng de xfiy dung tuyg'n dfidng khdng c6 gi lfi khd khfin Song, thfie te lai chfing minh hofin tofin ngUdc lai Cae nhfi thdu phai rfi't khd khan mdi tuyen dfi^c ngfidi de'n cac cdng trudng vfi ed lfic phai nhd efiy din cac nhfi budn de t u y l n mo Vfio thfing 10 nfim 1903, dng Guibert - Tong Giam doc cfie edng trinh va Phd vfidng Vfin Nam da c6 nhflng cudc dam phan v l viec eho phfip tuyln md nhfin cdng khfip vung Vfin Nam Sau thang, dng Guibert da phai ttt bd vi khdng dat dfide ket qua Nfim 1904, phai doan cua Hazelaire vfi Waligorski hdp dong vdi hang Reynand vl viee tuyln md nhan cdng lidn tue d VSn Nam hofic d nhfing vung phia Nam Ngfidi ta da to ehfic vigc tuyen md mdt cfich dfic bidt d Thien Tfin Quang Chfiu vfi Tfl Xuygn Phd vUdng Vfin Nam da ky nh^n ban tuyen bo*cua Van Nam 9u6 Wnh xay dxfng difOng s6t Nfim 1905, phai dofin cua Traz, dfidi sfi chi dao eua dng Bares, Charignon, Petit Ong Bards, sau di thfim tfi't ea nhfing dilm t u y l n md dIh Bfie Kinh, Ninh Ba vfi eho thfi'y nhfliig bfing ehflng v l vide chinh quyin Trung Qudc vi pham nhflng quy dinh, cfi'm vigc t u y l n mp nhfin edng cho tuyln dfidng sfit Van Nam Vige tuyen mp d Phfie Chfiu hang Vetch Marchand phu traeh Cung nfim nfiy, vipc tuyln mp d Quang Ddng dfide bat ddu vfi dly manh vi$c tuyen md d Quang Tay Vigc tuyln mp ngfidi Annam d Bfic Ky dng Damade phu trfieh Chinh quyin tinh Vfin Nam ehi tuyln dfidc mpt so it phu nhifng s l nfiy td khdng cd ky lufit vfi vung vl Nfim 1906, vipc tuyen md dfidc tiep t\ic d Quang Tfiy va Bdc Ky Ddt tuydn mp mdi d Tfi Xuyen dng Petit phu trach Nfim 1907, tiep tuc tuyen md d Quang Tay Vfi ngfidi ta da sfi dung phdn ldn ngfidi An Nam lam nhflng edng trinh nho Ngofii ra, cac nha thdu cdn to chfic t u y l n md d bign gidi phia Tay (vung Tfi Xuyen) Nhflng cdng nhfin dvttfc tuyln md tfl Thien Tan, Quang Chfiu, Phuc Chfiu, diu dfi0c dfia bang tfiu thuy d i n eang Hai Phdng roi tfi Hai Phdng dfia din Vfin Nam Bflc dipn bao sd* 1147/37 ngfiy 17 thfing 11 nfim 1904 cua dai di$n Cdng ty Xfiy dfing dfidng sdt Ddng Dfidng da thdng bao vdi ngfii Thong sfi Bfie Ky rdng: "tfiu "Kwouping" da rdi Thign Tfin ngfiy 16 thang 11 nfim 1904 ehd 1.600 edng nhan se c^p eang Hai Phdng ngfiy 16 tdi" (19) Tfi Hai Phdng, so edng nhan nfiy dfide ehuyin bdng dfidng sat tdi Ygn Bai r l i dfia tilp de'n Van Nam Vigc vfin chuygn eong nhfin Trung QuSc trgn lanh tho Bfie Ky Thing sfi Bdc K^ chju traeh nbi^m t l ehfic vfi CSng ty Xay dfing Dfidng sfit DSng Dfidng chiu phi ton Trong CSng vfin sS" 1886 19 thfing 10 nfim 1904, Sng Larminat - Ky sfi trfidng phu traeh cdu dfidng, Giam doc Nha Cong chinh Ddng Dfidng gfii tdi Thong sfi Bfic Ky da ndi ro: vi$c vfin ehuyin edng nhan Trung Quoc trdn do^in tfi Yen Bfii de'n v a n Nam, cd 10.000 cdng nhan Trung Quoc phai di bd tfi Trfii Hut hofie ed the tfi YSn Bfii dg'n Lao Cai MSi dofin gom ed 200 din 250 ngfidi Trung Qudc dfi^c hp tS'ng bdi nhfing phan dpi linh ngfidi ban xfi TSi dfi dinh phai cd 100 - 150 linh Cac dofin nfiy nil tiep di nhilu ngfiy Tdi d l nghi ngfii ygu edu Cdng ty Xfiy dfing Dfidng sat Ddng Dfidng chiu mpi ehi phi eho vide t l chfic nfiy (20) Kit qua lfi CSng ty Xfiy dfing Dfidng sfit Ddng Dudng da tuyen mS dfipc 60.700 ngfidi Trong dd, nhieu nhfi't la tinh Quang Tay 24.300 ngfidi, tilp theo lfi An Nam 16.300 ngfidi, bien gidi phia Tfiy (vfing Tfi Xuygn - TG) 9.300 ngfidi, Thidn Tfin 5.500 ngfidi, Quang Chau 3.300 ngfidi, Phue Chfiu 1.000 ngfidi va Ninh Ba 1.000 ngfidi (21) Xem xet qua trinh tuyln mp nhfin cdng trgn, ehung ta nhfin tha'y, ng'u nhfi d Viet Nam, ehinh quyen thfie dan ho trd dfic li^c viec t u y l n md nhfin cong thi d Trung Quoc, ehinh quyen ehi giup t u y l n m$ dfidc rfi't it va phdn nhilu lfi nhfing ngfidi vung vl, khdng cd ky lufit Dilu nfiy dfidc giai thich bdi Vigt Nam la thudc dia eua thfic dfin Phap Vfi chinh quyen thfic dan da dfia 16.300 ngfidi d i n Vfin Nam de lfim t u y l n dfidng Nhfi the, ed t h i thfi'y rdng, tren ea lanh t h i Vigt Nam vfi Trung Quoc, nhflng ngfidi lao dpng Vigt Nam da phai d l big't bao mau xfidng d l xfiy dfing eon dfidng 3.2 Viec q u a n ly nhfin cong D I quan 1^ nhan edng, ngfidi Phfip sit dung hinh thfic quan quan, nhfin cdng eua tinh nao se mSt vien quan cua tinh dd Hflhioi cftu 14