TICN TRINH UCH Slf QURN H€ QUOC T€ TRONG THUVCT HC THONG T H £ ' G I | CUR IMMRNUCL IURLL€RST€IN HOANG KHAC NAM* I MCf DAU Tie'n trinh lich s i lfi mdt nhflng lufin diem cfin ban cua cac ly thuyet quan hp qud'c te (QHQT) bdi dd la quan nidm v l tinh quy lufit hay xu hfldng van ddng chung cua lich s i QHQT Dd cung lfi sfl md ta hch s i qua vide d i e k i t qufi khfl, la cfich tilp c^n dd phfin tich cfic dien bid'n cua hi$n tai vfi la cd sd de di^ bfio tfldng lai Khdng nhiJng thd', thdng qua quan die'm v l tiln trinh lich s i , ddng cd vfi cac Iflc Ifldng thuc diy tid'n trinh nfiy cung dfldc chi r^ Trong nghien c i u lich s i quan he qud'c te, cd nhilu each tid'p cfin khac v l tid'n trinh Bdu tien la cfich tid'p cfin coi lich s i cd tinh chu ky Trong each tid'p cfin nfiy, cd quan dilm cua Chu nghia Mac-Ldnin coi su phat triln cua lich s i theo hinh xofiy trdn dc di tfl cudc dfi'u tranh giai cfi'p dd'n cudc dfi'u tranh giai cfi'p khfie Trong dd, Chu nghia Hien thflc Co' dien cung cd cfich nhin chu ky tfldng tfl nhflng lai dfla trdn sfl vfin ddng cua h i t cudc xung dot quyln Iflc nfiy de'n cudc xung dot quyln Iflc khac Cdch tiep can thii hai coi lich s i lfi dfldng thfing tie'n Day lfi quan diem v l tid'n trinh lich s i cd mdt so' ly thuylt QHQT Chu nghia Tfl Mdi nhin tiln trinh lich s i theo da tang ldn cua dan chu, phfit tridn kinh td' thi trfldng vfi xu hfldng hpp tac tfing dan thay thd' cho xung ddt Chu nghia Kid'n tao ciing cd quan diem ve tid'n trinh lich s i nhfl vfiy nhflng lai dfla trdn sfl phat trien cua cac ylu td lien chu quan Cdch tie'p can thit ba cua Chu nghia Hfiu hidn dai thi lai cd xu hfldng phu nhfin tinh tie'n trinh cua lich s i coi lich s i khdng cd mdt xu thd' chung vfi cung chfing cd diem cudi nhfl nhilu ly thuydt trdn quan nipm Nhflng ngfldi theo ly thuydt nfiy cho riing lich s i day rfiy nhflng doan dflt gfiy vfi gifin doan Cdch tiep can thti tii la each tid'p cfin he thd'ng nhin lich s i lfi sfl vfin ddng tfl he thd'ng nfiy sang he thd'ng khfie Trong each tid'p cfin nfiy, cd quan dilm cua C h i nghia Hidn thuc Mdi nhin hd thong dua trdn cfi'u true quyln Iflc Cung cfich tid'p cfin he thdiig, cdn cd mdt each nhin khac cua Immanuel Walerstein coi lich s i la sU md rdng vfi phat trien cua he thdiig kinh td' tu ban chu nghia tren pham vi the gidi Sfl da dang cua cfic each tie'p cfin vfi nhiing quan diem khac trdn dfiy cho 'PGS.TS Khoa Qudc tlhoc • TrUdng DHKHXH&NV - DHQG HN Rghien curu JJcb s^ s6 5.2015 thfi'y chang cd mdt ly thuyet nao cd kha nfing giai quyd't mpi vfin de cua lich s i QHQT, vfi tfi't nhien la cfing khdng the giai quyet mpi vfi^n de eua the gidi Thflc tien lich s i vdh phflc tap vfi da dang hdn cac ly thuylt Nd gom nhilu chu the, ddng Iflc, xu hfldng vfi each thflc van ddng khac Mdi each tiep can va quan diem ly thuyet dlu cd ich gdp p h i n lam sang to mdt phin thflc tien Uch s i da dang vfi phflc tap nfiy Xufi't phfit tfl nhfin thflc do, bfii viet nfiy trinh bfiy v l Thuyet He thdng The' gidi c i a Immanuel Wallerstein nhfim gidi thidu them mdt cfich tilp cfin hd thdng ve tie'n trinb lich s i QHQT Hi vong dilu se bd' sung them dflpc dieu ^ dd cho vide nghidn cflu lich s i QHQT ndi ridng, lich s i tofin ciu ndi chung n NOI DUNG CO BAN CUA THUYET HE THONG THE Gldl Thuylt Hd thd'ng The gidi dupc khdi xudng bdi hpc gia ngfldi My Immanuel Wallerstein Ong lfi mdt nhfi xa hdi hpc, lich s i kinh te' vfi QHQT Cdng trinh nd'i tie'ng nhfi't cua dng lfi bd sfich nhieu tfip He thdng the gidi can dai (TTie Modern World System) vdi nhfliig nghiln cflu v l hd thdng thd' gidi Thuye't He thd'ng Thd' gidi cua Immanuel Wallerstein ddi tfl gifla thfip nidn 1970 bdi canh Thuye't Phu thudc dang cd xu hfldng thoai trfio bdi bdc Id nhflng han che va khdng giai thich dUdc nhieu hidn tfldng mdi QHQT Thuylt He thd'ng The gidi (World System Theory) cua Immanuel Wallerstein cd sfl kd' thfla tiep thu mpt so quan diem cua Thuylt Phu thupc nhfl the gidi hinh thfinh sfl phfin cdng lao ddng qudc te, sfl bdc lot cua nfldc giau doi vdi nfldc ngheo sfl phan cdng dd, sfl bfi't binh dfing quan hd kinh te' qudc t l lfi nguydn nhan quy dinh tinh trang kdm phat trien cua cfic nfldc ngheo, sU tdn tai c i a trung tam vfi ngoai vi hd thong, phan tich ca'u true, ndn dfldc coi nhfl sfl tid'p noi Thuye't Phu thudc (1) Ly thuye't nfiy cung chiu anh hfldng nhfi't dinh cua Mac nhfl sfl phan ky lich s i theo hinh thai kinh te-xa hdi, nhflng mat trai cua CNTB, vai trd ciia yd'u to* kinh td' QHQT, vai trd cua mau thufin kinh td' QHQT, ndn ciing dupc coi la thupc ddng Chu nghia Mac xit Mdi cflng vdi Thuye't Phu thudc Ngofii ra, Immanuel Wallerstein cdn chiu anh hfldng cua nhfi s i hpc ngfldi Phfip Femand Braudel vdi trfldng phfii Annales v l ljch s i phfit trien cua CNTB d chau Au Nhflng cd sd nfiy cung vdi viec phan tich lich s i kinh te' vfi y tfldng he thorig xa hdi hpc da dfla dd'n nhflng lufin diem chinh cua ly thuydt nfiy nhfl sau: - Khfii nidm cot ldi vfi chu d l trung tfim Thuye't He thd'ng T h l gidi cua Immanuel Wallerstein lfi he thd'ng the gidi (World System) Theo Immanuel Wallerstein, "hd thdng t h l gidi lfi mdt he thdng xa hdi, dd cd ranh gidi, cfi'u true, cfic nhdm thfinh vien, cfic lufit Id cua sfl hdp phap va sfl gfin kit Sfl tdn tai cua nd dupc tao nen bdi cac Iflc Ifldng mfiu thufin nhau, gfin gifl lai vdi thdng qua cang thang vfi tfich rdi mdi nhdm tim kiem vide xay dfip thfldng xuyen lpi t h l c i a minh" (2) Wallerstein cho rfing hd thdrig thd' gidi cd nhflng dac diem gidng nhfl mdt cd quan hflu cd nd vfin cd the tdn tai du mdt vfii khia canh nfio dd cua nd thay ddi Cfi^u tnic hd thing cd the manh hay yd'u nhung vfin tdn tai qua cac thdi ky khac nhau, it nha't lfi v l logic bin trong hoat ddng chflc nang cua hd thdng Wallerstein cung coi ddng luc cua sU phat trien hd thd'ng chu yd'u lfi bdn (3) He thd'ng dUdc xfiy dflng chu yd'u dua tren Tign tilnh iich sit quan h^ qudc te kinh te vfi quan he kinh t l qudc t l nen chflng mflc nao dd chinh la n i n kinh t l the' gidi He thd'ng the gidi diidc hinh Cling vdi CNTB tii ddu the ky XVL He thdng nfiy dflpc xay dflng dfla trdn sfl tich luy tfl ban d mdt s l nfldc Tay Au nhfl Hfi Lan, Anh, Phfip de hinh ndn khu vdc trung tam hay ed't loi Trung tam nfiy tid'n hfinh chuydn mdn hda san xufi't, md rdng hoat ddng kinh te va bfinh trfldng sang cac khu vflc khac cua t h l gidi Cac khu vuc khfie l i n Iflpt gia nhfip vfio he thdng the gidi thdng qua quan he thi trfldng Dd'n t h l ky XIX, ciing vdi sfl phfit trien c i a CNTB, hd thdng da vfldn t i m the' gidi vfi trd thfinh he thd'ng the gidi (4) Wallerstein cd sfl phan bipt h i thdng the gidi vdi de che (Empire) ton t^i trflde dd He thong the gidi dflpc xay dung dfla trdn qua trinh tich tu tu ban va md rdng thdng qua quan he thj trfldng, cdn d l c h l dfldc xay dung dfla tren qufi trinh tich tu quyln lfle va md rdng su kiem soat chinh tri thdng qua quan he cong nap Hd thd'ng thd' gidi gdm nhilu qudc gia, cdn d l c h l chi gdm mdt ddn vi lanh thd' vdi mdt chinh quyln trung fldng (5) - Cau true cua he tho'ng the gidi Id quan hi giUa trung tdm hay cot loi (Core) vdi ngoai vi (Periphery) va bdn ngoai vi (SemiPeriphery) He thd'ng the gidi dupc phan chia hai khu vflc chinh dfla tren sfl phan cdng lao dpng gifla trung tam vfi ngoai vi Kha nfing kilm sofit tfl ban vfi su phat triln cdng nghe d vflng trung tam giiip tao si^ phfin cdng lao ddng qudc te' nfiy Trong dd, trung tam lfi ndi san xufi't cfic mat hfing p h i m chinh vfi cdng nghe cao Ngoai vi lfi ndi cung cfi'p nguyen li$u thd, hfing ndng nghilp vfi cac san p h i m sd c h l cho cac nen kinh t l viing trung tam Trung tam lfi ndi phfit triln v l quy md tfl ban tich luy, cdn ngoai vi lfi ndi 53 phfit trien v l quy md lao ddng Cung gid'ng nhfl Thuylt Phu thudc, vung trung tfim gdm cfic nfldc phfit trien, cdn vung ngoai vi bao gdm cac nfldc dang phfit triln vfi kdm phfit triln Sfl manh yeu cua cac qud'c gia quy dinh vj trf cua chung trung tam hay n ^ a i vi Tuy nhidn, khac vdi Thuye't Phu thudc, Thuydt HI thd'ng T h l gidi c i a Immanuel Wallerstein dfi bd sung thdm ban ngoai vi lfi vung ddm nfim gifla khu vuc trung tfim vfi ngoai v i Bfin ngoai vi phfit tridn hdn ngoai vi nhflng kim phfit trien hdn so vdi trung tam Ban ngoai vi cd the ddng vai trd ngoai vi cua trung tfim nhung lai ciing la trung tfim dm vdi vung ngoai vi Trong cac moi quan he nfiy, quan he gifla trung tfim vfi ngoai vi lfi cfi'u triic c h i yd'u c i a hd thd'ng thd' gidi - Mdi quan hi qudc tied bdn la sit mdu thudn giita trung tdm va ngoai vi Hd thd'ng t h l gidi cua Immanuel Wallerstein lfi sfl thd'ng nhfi't gifla hai Iflc Ifldng ddi lap nfiy Ve cd ban, day lfi mdi quan hp thd'ng trj vfi bdc lot c i a trung tfim gifiu m^nh doi vdi ngoai vi nghio ylu Cfic qud'c gia ngoai vi bi phu thudc nang n l vfio cfic qudc gia trung tam ndn budc phai xfiy dflng cd cfi'u kinh te' vfi thflc hien kieu phat tridn theo quy dao cua trung tfim, tflc lfi nhfim phuc vu cho ldi ich cua trung tfim Quan he kinh t l gifla chung lfi bfi't binh dfing ngoai vi budc phai bfin hang hda cua minh vdi gifi thfi'p va mua hfing hda cua vung trung tam vdi gifi cao Mdi quan h i nhfl vfiy da khien thfing dfl tfl viing ngoai vi ludn dupc chuyin v l trung tam Ke't qua lfi lfi trung tfim ngfiy cfing md rdng quy md tich tu tfl ban, cdn ngoai vi khdng cd cfich nfio khfie lfi phai md rdng quy md lao dpng Thflc chat c i a mdl quan he chinh lfi quan he tfl ban-lao ddng vdi tinh chfi't trao ddi khdng cdng bang Sfl trao ddi khdng cdng bfing d i n den chdnh Idch trtnh dp phat tridn vfi Rghien cihi Lieh siSr stf 5.201S sfl phfin cfi'p v l chinh tri (6) Tii dd lfi sfl kem phfit tridn vfi Id thudc chlnh trj c i a cac nfldc viing ngoai vi Dilu nfiy tfi't ye'u se dfin de'n man thufin gifla trung tfim vfi ngoai vi Do dd, Wallerstein cho rang mau thufin Bfic-Nam se ngfiy cfing noi len trd thfinh mfiu thufin chu yd'u QHQT the' gidi Wallerstein cho rfing chinh ciu triic cua n i n kinh t l t h l gidi da cho phep sU trao ddi hfing hda vfi dich vu khdng cdng bang theo cfich p h i n nhilu thang dfl dfldc Ifi'y tfl vung ngoai vi vfi chuyin vfio trung tfim (7) Vfi "sfl td chflc cua chu nghia tu ban qudc td' trdn quy md the gidi cho thfi'y mpt xu hudng manh me hudng tdi viec tu ciing cd su tri he thd'ng" (8) Thuye't Hd thong The gidi tfip trung phfin tich qufi trinh hinh thfinh vfi phfit trien cua n i n kinh te t h l gidi TBCN hon lfi mdt ly thuylt chuydn bidt v l QHQT ndn nd it chii trpng dd'n chu the QHQT Tuy nhidn, qua cac phfin tich c i a nd, cd thd nhfin thfi'y ly thuyd't nfiy coi chu the QHQT hi thdng the gidi chu ye'u la qudc gia va phdn ndo dd Id giai cd'p Mfic dii cac the chd' xfi hdi cua n i n kinh te TBCN the' gidi lfi qud'c gia, giai cfi'p xa hdi, "nhan dfin" vfi hd gia (finh (9) song phfin tich cua Thuyet He thdng T h l gidi v l QHQT chi tfip trung c h i ye'u vao quoc gia mfic du vfin coi qudc gia chju sfl chi phdi nhfi't djnh cua giai cfi'p Thuyet He thd'ng The' gidi cua Immanuel Wallerstein cd xu hfldng d l cao vai trd cua qud'c gia nhfl ngudi d l phap lufit vfi thflc thi chinh sfich nhfim bao dam quyen sd hflu ddi vdi tfl ban vfi gia tri thfing dfl (10) Qud'c gia cdn "cfi'u thfinh kha nfing banh trfldng tfl ban vfi chuyen gifi tri thang dfl" (11) Su ton tai cac quoc gia manh ye'u khfie lfi cin thilt dl tri vide chuyen thfing dfl tfl ngoai vi vfio trung tfim Thuye't nfiy cung coi vi tri vfi sflc manh qud'c gia tao ndn cfi'u true cua hd thdng the gidi cac ddn vi thfinh p h i n cua trung tam hay ngoai vi dlu lfi qud'c gia Immanuel Wallerstein da tiftig phfit bieu rfing he tho'ng lien quoc gia lfi cfi'u true thfldng t i n g cua n i n kinh te' the gidi tfl ban chu nghia " (12) Bdn canh dd, thuye't nfiy ciing de cap it nhieu dd'n vai trd chu thd cua cdng ty xuydn quoc gia cho rang chiing lfi nhflng thflc thd sd hflu tfl ban vfi chuyen giao thang dfl v l nfldc qua QHQT Cdn ddi vdi giai cfi'p, Thuyd't Hd thd'ng Thd' gidi cua Immanuel Wallerstein ghi nhfin vai trd chii thd' cua nd nhflng chi tfip trung vfio vai trd cua giai cfi'p tfl san mfi it d l cfip de'n giai cfi'p vd san nhfl Chu nghia Mfic-Ldnin - Thuye't He thong Thd' gidi nhfi'n manh dd'n vai tro bd quyen he tho'ng the gidi Theo ly thuyd't nay, trung tam thfldng cd bfi quyln Ba quyln lfi cin thid't dd tri sU d'n djnh can can quyen Iflc, giup dam bao cfic quy djnh trao dd'i tfl ban-lao ddng vfi chuydn thang dfl v l trung tfim Khfie vdi bfi quyln Chu nghia Hidn thflc dua trdn nfing Iflc chinh tri-qufin sfl, bfi quyen Thuylt Hd thing The gidi dUdc xfiy dflng t r l n nfing Iflc tich tu va kiem sofit tfl ban Tfl ban dflpc dfla vfio thfldng mai vfi vdi flu the' vflpt trdi vl tfii chinh, qudc gia ba quyln cd dflpc vi tri cao vfi kha nfing chi phd'i sfl phan cdng lao ddng qud'c td' cd ldi cho minh Bfi quyen khdng phai la mai mai mfi cd the thay ddi sfl phat trien bdn ve lpi the cdng nghd vfi kha nang tich liiy tfl ban Trong ljch s i phfit t r i l n cua hd thong the gidi, Immanuel Wallerstein da de cfip dd'n vai trd ba quyln cua Hfi Lan, roi chuyin giao sang Anh vfi sau nfiy lfi My Su thay ddi bfi quyln ciing ed the dfldc quyet dinh bdi chid'n tranh ndi bd trung tam gifla nfldc ba quyln dang hi suy giam vfi cac the Iflc thfich thflc nii ldn (13) Tuy nhiln, quan dilm nfiy cung bi phd phfin bdi thflc Tiza trinh Uch sit quan he quoc le td nhflng sii chuyen giao bfi quyen tfl Hfi Lan sang Anh hay tfl Anh sang My dlu khdng hoan toan qua chiln tranh - He tho'ng the gidi co trang thdi dpng Trang thfii ddng d day dfldc the hien qua mdt sd vfin ddng nhfl sau Thit nhat la sU thay ddi bfi quyln trung tfim nhu trdn da d l cfip Thit hai la sfl chuyen djch gifla cfic vung trung tam - ban ngoai vi vfi ngoai vi Trong dd, cfic qudc gia phfit triln ldn cd the chuydn dich d i n d i n vfio ban ngoai vi vfi trung tam Han Qud'c, Singapore vfi mdt so nen kinh td' Ddng A la nhflng vi du cho sfl chuyin dich vfio bfin ngoai vi, Nhfit Ban va mdt sd'nfldc Ddng Au lfi vi du chuyen dich vfio trung tfim Trung Qudc hien cung cd the dang cd sfl chuyen dich vao trung tfim trdn mot sd' phfldng dien Thit ba, lfi qua trinh md rpng ve khdng gian theo thdi gian ciia hd thdng thd' gidi ngfiy cfing cd nhieu nUdc tham gia vfio phfin cdng lao dpng qud'c te' Thd tli, cfi'u true cd the vfin tdn tai nhflng manh yd'u khfie qua cac thdi ky nhfl trdn da d l cfip "Nhdm qudc gia vfi xa hdi cd the chuyen dpng chfim tfl loai sang loai khac nhung chiing vfin gifl nguyen cfi'u triic tdng t h l xfic dinh cua nen kinh td' t h l gidi" (14) Thit ndm, sfl chdnh lech gifla trung tam va ngoai vi ciing dupc nhin nhfin ban d i u lfi nhd va sau ldn d i n theo thdi gian Tha sdu, trang thfii ddng cua he thd'ng the gidi cung dfldc phan anh qua sfl phat trien lien luc cua n i n kinh td' the gidi Thit bdy, Wallerstein ciing cho rang he thd'ng hidn tai cd the bj thay thd' bdi mdt chinh p h i t h l gidi xa hdi chu nghia, Nhin chung, Thuyd't He thd'ng Thd' gidi cd cai nhin khfi bidn chflng v l sfl vfin ddng cua he thd'ng the gidi vfi qua dd lfi lich s i thd' gidi Dd Ifi sfl phat trien tfl tfl theo kilu tie'n hda Quan dilm v l trang thai ddng c i a He thd'ng the' gidi lfi dilm khfie vdi Thuylt Phu thudc von nhin hd thd'ng theo trang thfii tinh Cdn quan didm ve sfl phfit trien tie'n hda la dilm khac vdi Chu nghia Mac-Ldnin vd'n c h i trfldng thay ddi bang dfldng each mang III NHAN XET VE QUAN DIEM TIEN TRiNH LICH SU* CUA THUYET HE THONG THE Gl6l Trong sd cfic quan diem v l tid'n trinh ljch s i cua cfic ly thuylt QHQT mfi da dflpc d l cap d p h i n Md ddu bfii vid't nay, cfich tiep cfin cua Thuye't He thd'ng The' gidi khdng dUdc quan tam nhilu Cac cfich tie'p c^n cua Chu nghia Hidn thflc, Chu nghia Tfl vfi Chu nghia Kid'n tao thudng dupc s i dung nhilu hdn nghidn cflu QHQT ndi chung, lich s i QHQT ndi ridng Trong dd, cfich tie'p cfin c i a Thuyet He thong Thd' gidi it dUdc s i dung cd p h i n sU thoai trfio cua Chu nghia Mac QHQT gdm ca C h i nghia Mfic-Lenin vfi Thuyd't Phu thudc Theo chung tdi, dd lfi mdt diem khilm khuylt Cfic ly thuyd't cd diem manh, diem ye'u cua minh Thoai trfio khdng phai lfi sfl cao chung Cfii gi tich cflc va cd gia tri khoa hpc thi can gifl lai chfl khdng nen p h i nhfin tofin bd Dd mdi la thai dp khoa hpc cin thiet nghien cflu, Vi thd', vide tim hieu nhiing diem dUdc vfi chfla dfldc cua Thuyd't He thdng The gidi, dd cd quan diem v l tid'n trinh lich s i , la cin thid't Thuyd't He thd'ng The gidi khdng phai lfi ly thuylt chuydn bidt v l lich s i hay ve QHQT Tuy nhidn, ciing nhu nhilu ly thuye't khac, nd cd chfla dung quan diem v l tie'n trinh lich s i QHQT Qua p h i n trinh bfiy d trdn, cd t h l thfi'y dflpc tien trinh lich s i QHQT thuyd't nfiy da dfldc hinh dung nhfl sau: + Tid'n trinh ljch s i QHQT c i a the gidi dfldc Immanuel Wallerstein nhin nhfin dudi gdc dp hd thd'ng Theo dd, xu hfldng Rghien euu Ljch sit, sd 5.2015 vfin ddng chung cua tid'n trinh nfiy chinh lfi sfl hinh thfinh vfi phat trien he thd'ng thd gidi He thong vd'n la mdt chinh thd dfldc tao lap bdi sfl tfldng tac ngfiy cfing tfing gifla cfic phan t i Nhfl vfiy, he thd'ng the gidi dflpc hinh thfinh, co kd't vfi md rdng chinh lfi nhd sfl phfit trien c i a QHQT Dilu dd ciing cd nghia sfl hinh thfinh vfi phat trien cua hd thong t h l gidi gfin lien vdi tid'n trtnh lich s i QHQT Dudi cai nhin cua Thuyd't Hd thdng T h l gidi, tiln trinh lich s i QHQT di tfl tan mat tdi gfin kd't vdi thfinh he thong, di tfl long leo den ch^t che de hinh thfinh ndn chinh the c i a hd thong, di tfl quy md dia phfldng tofin ciu dl md rdng thfinh he thong t h l gidi QHQT cfing sfiu sfic, hd tho'ng t h l gidi cang ben ch^t QHQT cfing md rdng, hd thdng cfing vUdn t i m t h l gidi NgUpc lai, h i thdng cfing md rdng vfi phfit trien, sfl chi phd'i c i a nd doi vdi cfic quoc gia vfi QHQT cua chiing - vdi tfl cfich lfi p h i n t i vfi tfldng tfic cua he thdng - cfing manh me Theo chung tdi, cfich tilp cfin hd thdng dfiy c i a Wallerstein hflu ich d cbl giflp nhin nhfin lich s i the gidi nhu mpt tong the ciing nhu cho thfi'y md'i lien he chat che gifla lich s i the gidi vfi lich s i QHQT Ddi vdi tid'n trinh Uch s i QHQT, si^ phfit triln cua hd thdng the gidi cho thfi'y xu hfldng QHQT ngfiy cfing md rdng ve quy md va ngfiy cfing tfing ve mflc dp tfldng tac Ngfldc lai, sU vfin ddng cua qudc gia vfi md'i QHQT gifla chiing cung ngfiy cfing bj chi phoi bdi h^ thd'ng the' gidi Khdng nhflng the', each tie'p cfin hp thd'ng d day cdn giup ich cho viec nhin nhfin lich s i QHQT nhfl tfic nhfin giup dfla ljch s i t h l gidi (World History) vd'n gom nhiing mang rdi thfinh lich s i tofin ciu (Global History) vd'n nhin the gidi nhfl mdt tong t h l vdi nhiing xu hfldng chung Tuy nhidn, vipc chi nhin tie'n trinh Uch s i nhfl mdt he thing lai cd dilm han c h l nhfl chfla lam rd dflpc trudc h i thdng hinh thfinh tin lich s i QHQT sao? QHQT cd phat trien khdng? Ch^ng nhe lai coi dd la tiln Uch s i ? + Theo Immanuel Wallerstein, ve mat khdng gian, he thd'ng nfiy dfldc bfit diu trUdc hd't d Tay Au rdi md rpng chfiu Au, sau vfldn d i n sang cfic chau luc khac cung vdi qua trinh md rdng c i a QHQT de trd thfinh he thd'ng tren quy md tofin the gidi nhfl ngfiy Sfl md rdng QHQT cua chau Au dfldc thuc hidn c h i yd'u bang cdn dudng bfinh trfldng v l kinh te qua thUdng mai, xua't k h i u tfl ban, chu nghia thUc dan, vfi tao dflng ndn sU phan cdng lao ddng qudc te' cd ldi cho chau Au Vl mat thdi gian, theo Immanuel Wallerstein, qufi trinh dfldc bfit d i u xufi't hien nhflng tiln d l cua CNTB vfio cum thdi ky chd' dp phong kid'n d chau Au vfi hp thong the' gidi bfit d i u hinh thfinh d chfiu Au khoang thdi gian 1450-1640 (15) Nhfl vfiy, chijtng mflc nfio dd, quan dilm ljch s i cua Walerstein cho rang tid'n trinh ljch s i QHQT c h i ylu dfldc bfit diu tfl chfiu Au vfi chi thuc sfl phat trien tfl thdi ky CNTB Theo chung tdi, quan dilm nfiy cd Iy nhfi't djnh v l mfit thdi gian nhUng chfla d'n v l mfit khdng gian Diing lfi QHQT thflc sfl bfit d i u phat t r i l n manh me tfl thdi cfin dai cung vdi sfl phat trien c i a CNTB Dieu nfiy cdn cd nghia la nhfi'n manh den vai trd cua CNTB da tao nhflng ddng Iflc mdi di phfit triln QHQT Tfi't nhidn, vl m^t thdi gian, cung cd nhflng quan dilm khfie Vi du, Mfic cho rang hd thing nfiy xufi't hidn mupn hdn tfl sau Cach mang tfl san Anh nam 1640 Trong dd, nhfi s i hpc ngfldi Phfip Femand Braudel l^i cho qua trinh nfiy diln tfl the ky XIII Trong dd, vl mat khdng gian, cung dung lfi QHQT phfit trien manh nhfi't d chau Au vfi dfldc thtic 'nen trtnli ijeh sit quan h& qutfc tg dfiy, md rdng nhilu tfl chfiu luc nhflng dfiy khdng phai lfi hfldng nhfi't Vide tuylt ddl hda vai trd cua chau Au doi vdi tiln trinh lich s i QHQT ro rfing cd p h i n "vj chfiu Au" v l mat lich s i Nlu gfin tien trinh lich s i QHQT vdi sfl phfit trien cua hd thd'ng d chau Au thi chang nhe cac khu vflc khfie lai "nim ngofii ljch s i " trudc hp thdng md rdng the gidi? QHQT Iudn lfi da hfldng vfi da chieu Ljch s i da chflng td dilu nfiy Cac giao lflu vfi tfic ddng tfl cfic chau luc khac vao chfiu Au khdng he it ljch s i Mdt quan diem "chfiu Au trung tam" nhfl vfiy thflc lai lfi phi Ijch si + Vdi cai nhin bi^n chflng, Thuyet He thdng T h l gidi cua Immanuel Wallerstein ciing dfla trdn mfiu thufin nhfl ddng luc thiic dfiy tid'n trinh Ijch s i Cfic mau thufin cd anh hfldng din QHQT thuyd't nfiy, xit vl mfit c h i thl, bao gdm mau thufin gifla cfic qudc gia vfi mfiu thufin giai cfi'p Mfiu t h u i n gifla cac qud'c gia t h l hi^n mfiu thufin gifla cfic nfldc trung tfim vfi ngoai vi, gifla cfic nfldc tranh gifinh bfi quyln trung tfim Trong dd, mau t h u i n giai cfi'p the hi^n sfl bdc lot cua giai cfi'p tfl san ddi vdi cfic t i n g ldp lao ddng c i a nhflng nudc ngheo Xet v l mat ndi dung, cfic mfiu t h u i n nfiy dfldc quy dinh bdi bfi't binh dfing kinh te QHQT Cfic qudc gia mfiu thufin vdi vi lpi ich phat triln vfi n h i m cai thidn vj tri phan cdng lao ddng quoc te Cfic giai cfi'p mfiu thufin vdi nhfim giam bdt sfl phfin hda vfi bfi't cdng kinh t l Chinh cac mfiu t h u i n nfiy da tao ndn ddng Iflc thuc day su vfin ddng cua tid'n trinh ljch s i QHQT Cung coi mau t h u i n lfi ddng Iflc c i a lich s i nhflng each xac djnh mfiu thufin c i a Thuyd't Hp thd'ng T h l gidi gin gOi vdi Ldnin hdn lfi Mfic Trong Mfic chi tinh dd'n mfiu t h u i n giai cfi'p thi Ldnin tinh them ca mau thuan gifla cfic nfldc de quoc (dd cung lfi nhflng nudc trung tfim theo quan diem cua Wallerstein) Nhflng Wallerstein vfi Ldnin cung cd sfl khac v l quy md vfi ndi dung mau thufin Trong Ldnin chu y tdi mau thufin gifla cfic nfldc de' quoc nham tranh gianh ldi ich kinh te thi Wallerstein lai cho rang mau thufin chu yd'u gifla cac nudc lfi nhfim cai thien vj tri phan cdng lao ddng qud'c te vfi mfiu thufin didn d tfi't ca cfic vung c i a hd thd'ng the gidi Dflng tren gdc dp QHQT, dieu nfiy cd the dfldc coi dd lfi cudc dfi'u tranh nham thie't lfip trfit tfl kinh t l qud'c t l cd ldi cho minh Cfich nhin nfiy coi kinh t l nhfl ylu to trung tfim vfi mfiu thufin kinh td' qud'c t l lfi ddng Iflc cd ban cua tid'n trinh Uch s i QHQT Nd giup chi them nhflng mfiu thuan, xung dot ldi ich vfi vfi'n de tdn tai xoay quanh kinh td' Uch s i QHQT Tuy nhien, thuyet nfiy lai cd ve it quan tam din nhflng canh tranh quyln lUc, nhflng mfiu t h u i n an ninh vd'n diy rfiy lich s i QHQT Nd cung khdng tinh de'n nhflng xung dot gifi tri vd'n ngfiy cfing tang vfi cd kha nfing trd thfinh nhflng ddng lUc mdi ljch s i QHQT hien dai Nhflng ban che' nfiy da khiln Thuyd't He thd'ng The' gidi khdng cd kha nfing giai quye't bao quat vfi cfing khd khai quat mpi van ddng tid'n trinh lich s i QHQT + Qudc gia la Iflc lupng chinh tie'n trinh phfit trien ljch s i QHQT Quan diem nfiy the hidn d bdn diem chinh Mot la, ddn vi hay phan t i chu ye'u c i a he thong thd' gidi lfi qud'c gia Hai la, sfl hinh thfinh hd thong t h l gidi dfldc dfla trdn sU phfit trien QHQT c i a cac qudc gia Ba la, sfl phat trien c i a qud'c gia la tac nhan chinh dem lai sfl van ddng cua he thd'ng qud'c tl Boh la, mfiu thufin gifla cfic quoc gia la ddng Iflc chinh cua tid'n trinh ljch s i QHQT nhfl d Rghien eflu Lich s i sd 5.2015 tren vfla d l cap Tfi't nhien, Immanuel Wallerstein cd tinh dd'n giai cfi'p cho rfing qud'c gia chiu sfl chi phdi nhfi^t dinh cua giai cfi'p Nhung quan he vdi bdn ngofii, qudc gia mdi lfi chu the chinh, tfldng tfic gifla cac qudc gia mdi tao ndn he thdng t h l gidi chfl khdng phai chi moi giai cfi'p Dieu khfie vdi quan dilm cua Mac cho rfing nhfi nfldc chi lfi cdng cu c i a giai cfi'p, quan he giai cfi'p lfi mil QHQT chi ph^i, hd thd'ng the gidi lfi he thd'ng TBCN Quan didm coi qudc gia la c h i the chinh QHQT cua Immanuel Wallerstein ciing cd nghia rfing ldi ich qudc gia/dfin tdc mdi lfi lpi ich chinh QHQT, ldi ich giai cfi'p nam ldi ich qudc gia chfl khong phai bao triim vfi quy djnh ldi ich qudc gia nhfl quan nidm c i a Mac Du cfich tie'p can khfie nhUng quan diem nfiy c i a Wallerstein cd sfl tfldng ddng dfing k l vdi Chu nghia Hidn thflc vd'n coi qudc gia Ifi c h i the QHQT cd ban Cfich nhin coi qudc gia Ifi chu t h l chinh cung khfi bid'n gidi nghidn cflu lich s i the' gidi vfi ljch s i QHQT ft nhfi't tren phUdng dien lich s i QHQT, sfl nhfi'n manh dd'n vai trd qud'c gia lfi cd ly bdi the' gidi cd chia re thfinh cfic qud'c gia thi QHQT mdi xufi't hien Quoc gia cd phat triln, QHQT mdi md rpng dl hinh thfinh ndn he thdng the' gidi Qudc gia cd phfit trien, Uch s i QHQT mdi vfin ddng theo tid'n trinh Diem thfl hai cd ly cung chinh lfi d chd coi trpng lpi ich qudc gia hdn lpi ich giai cfi'p cho dii Iy thuye't nfiy vfin cho rfing cd sfl gfin bd nhfi't djnh gifla hai loai ldi ich dd Vide thflc hien lpi ich qudc gia mdi khien QHQT phat trien va tao ndn Iflc diy cho tid'n trinh Uch s i QHQT Tuy nhidn, each nhin qud'c gia nhfl p h i n t i chinh c i a he thdng thd' gidi ciing cd nhfldc dilm lfi khdng tinh d i n cac c h i t h l phi qud'c gia, ngoai trfl cdng ty xuydn qudc gia vd'n da xufi't hidn tit thdi can dai vfi dang tid'p tuc nd'i ldn QHQT hidn dai •I- Tfldng tfic chfnh giiip he thd'ng t h l gidi hinh vfi phfit tridn lfi quan he kinh te qudc te' vdi sfl phfin cdng lao ddng qudc te Theo Immanuel WaUerstein, qua trinh nfiy dfldc bfit d i u b i n g sU chuydn mdn hda gifla Tfiy Au vfi Ddng Au Tay Au lfi ndi cd sfl tich liiy tfl ban cao, cdng nghiep phat tridn vfi cdng nghd tien tie'n Cdn Ddng Au thi lac hfiu, ngheo nfin hdn vdi n i n kinh te dfla vfid ndng nghidp lfi chinh Sau dd, qua trinh bfit d i u md rdng sang gifla chau Au vdi cfic khu viic khac cua thd' gidi Theo Thuyd't He thd'ng the gidi, kinh td' lfi t i n g cd sd vfi quy djnh QHQT thudc vl thfldng t i n g kie'n tnic Nhfl vfiy, ddng Iflc chinh cua sii phfit trien hd thd'ng the gidi la kinh te Vfi dd, tid'n trinh Uch s i QHQT dfldc ly thuye't nfiy cho rfing cd sfl gfin lien vdi Sli phfit triln cua quan he kinh t l quic te Vdi each nhin nfiy, tid'n trinh Ijch s i QHQT dfldc xfiy dung diia trdn sfl phfit trien quan hp kinh td' quoc td' Cac qudc gia md rdng vfi phfit triln QHQT nhfim chu yd'u thflc hien lpi ich kinh te' Trong qua trinh nfiy, cfic qudc gia phfit triln hdn vl kinh td' se tao trfit tfl kinh te qudc t l dUa trdn sfl phan cdng Iao ddng cd lpi cho hp va Idi keo cfic nfldc khac tham gia Nhfl v$y, kinh td' dfldc coi lfi llnh viic chinh QHQT va sii phfit triln c i a nd sd chi phdi cfic Iinh viic quan h i khfie Day lfi quan didm cd Sli g i n giii vdi quan diem cua Mfic cung nhin QHQT dfldi gdc dp kinh t l chinh trj Nd khac vdi C h i nghia Hidn thi;Ic coi chinh tri lfi thong soai S i dung cfich tiep cfin kinh tl' chinh tri qudc td' nfiy se giai thich thufin lpi nhilu xu hfldng QHQT can hidn dai nhfl sU nd'i ldn cua ye'u t l kinh te' QHQT, tofin ciu hda kinh Tien trtnh lich sflr guan he qutfe te te, bfi't binh dang kinh td' QHQT, sfl phfin hda gifiu nghdo Bfic-Nam, sfl gia tfing hpp tfic vfi hdi nhfip kinh t l qud'c td', sfl thay t h l cua dia-kinh td' cho dja-chinh tri, vai trd tfing ldn c i a cfic TNC, Tuy nhidn, cfich tid'p cfin nfiy lai khd giai thich nhilu giai doan lich s i QHQT trflde vfi thdi cfin dai vd'n bj chi phd'i bdi chinh trj nhilu hdn lfi kinh t l Ngofii ra, cfich tilp cfin "kinh te quye't djnh luan" cung khdng tinh de'n tinh chfi't da linh vflc QHQT hipn ndn dd dfin dd'n philn dien giai thich lich s i + Phfin tich cfi'u triic cung dfldc Immanuel Wallerstein dfla vfio de giai thich tid'n trinh lich s i Trong phan tich nfiy cd ba didm dang chu y Thit nhat, ke' thfla quan didm cua Thuyd't Phu thudc, cfi'u true cua h$ thdng nfiy dfldc phfin t i n g theo ca chilu dpc va chilu ngang Chilu dpc lfi sfl thing trj c i a trung tfim d t i n g tren ddi vdi ngoai vi d t i n g dfldi Chilu ngang gdm trung tfim, ban ngoai vi vfi ngoai vi vdi tidu chi phan chia la sflc manh kinh td' vfi vi tri phfin cdng lao dpng qud'c te Thit hai, each thflc td' chflc he thong the gidi chinh lfi sfl phan cdng lao ddng quoc te mfi dd trung tfim la ngudi tao lfip vfi chi phd'i Trung tfim da diing sd phfin cdng lao ddng qudc td' d l td' chflc the' gidi vfi vfin hfinh QHQT Qua lich s i , cfi'u true cd t h l thay dd'i v l p h i n hay hinh thflc song cfii ldi cua nd lfi quan hd thdng tri trung tfim ngoai vi khdng thay ddi Thit ba, mdt phfldng dien khac cua sfl to chflc lfi vai trd cua bfi quyen trung tam Theo Wallerstein, bfi quyln lfi cin thilt dl tri S14 dn djnh cfin can quyln Iflc, giup dam bao cfic quy dinh trao ddi tfl ban-lao ddng vfi chuyin thfing dfl vl trung tfim (16) Vide dfla thdm cfich phfin tich cfi'u true vfio 1^ giai tilii trinh vfin ddng c i a lich s i QHQT lfi mdt nhflng dilm cd y nghia phUdng phfip luan cua Thuyd't He thd'ng The' gidi Cach phan tich cfi'u true vd'n bfit dau dupc fip dung nghidn cflu kinh te tfl thfip nidn 1940 nhflng cung hofin tofin hf^u ich vfin dung sang nghidn cflu Q] IQT Thit nhdt, cfich phfin tich nfiy giup dua thdm mdt sfl ly giai cho sfl thay ddi cua tien trinh lich s i QHQT dfla trdn sfl thay ddi c i a ca'u true mfi dfiy lfi cfi'u true c i a n i n kinh t l the' gidi Su thay dd'i c i a cfi'u true, nhfi't la sfl thay dd'i d trung tam vfi phfldng t h i c td chflc c i a he thdng tao ndn cfic thdi ky phat trien khfie tid'n trinh Uch s i QHQT Thd hai, cfi'u true nfiy vdi phfldng thflc td chflc cua nd giup giai thfch sfl thay ddi cua cac 'lufit chdi" QHQT vfi nhflng rfing budc tfl cfi'u triic doi vdi sU vfin ddng cua qud'c gia qua cfic thdi ky Thit ba, sfl cfi'u triic theo ca chilu dpc vfi chilu ngang giiip dem thdm mdt gdc nhin mdi so vdi cfic ly thuyd't QHQT khfie Cfi'u tnic nfiy khac vdi cfi'u tnic cua Chu nghia Hidn thflc Mdi phfin t i n g theo chilu dpc vdi tieu chi lfi sfl phfin chia quyln Iflc cho cfic cflc Nd Cling khac vdi each phfin t i n g cua C h i nghia Mfic cung theo chilu dpc nhflng lai diia trdn sfl chi phoi kinh t l thfinh CNTB the' gidi d t i n g trdn, giai cfi'p lao ddng d t i n g dudi Nd cung khfie vdi C h i nghia Tu Mdi chi nhin he thd'ng theo chilu ngang nhfl sfl phu thudc Ifin gifla cac qud'c gia ma khdng lfim ro sfl td chflc vfi van hfinh cua hd thd'ng •^ Quan nidm ve sfl phfit trien c i a Thuyd't Hd thd'ng The gidi cd mdt s l did'm lien quan dd'n tid'n trinh lich s i QHQT nhfl sau: Thit nhdt, dpng cd thiic diy sfl phat trien la mau thufin Mfiu thufin chfnh d dfiy lfi kinh te ve ca mflc dp gifiu ngheo gifla cac quoc gia vfi vi tri phfin cdng lao ddng qudc te Dd chinh la cfic ipau thufin QHQT vfi lfi ddng Iflc thiic diy tien trinh R g h i ^ curu Lieh s i so 5.2015 Iich s i QHQT Thvt hai, ddn vi phat trien c h i yd'u lfi qudc gia vdi muc tieu cbinb lfi phat trien kinh tl^ dfi't nUdc vfi thay ddi vi tri phan cdng lao ddng qud'c td' Sfl phfit tridn kinh t l qudc gia se lfim thay ddi ca cfi'u true cua he thdng t h l gidi vfi QHQT, tfl dd Ifi sfl van ddng tid'n t n n h ljch s i QHQT Thvt ba, su van ddng chinh QHQT lfi sfl dich chuyen cua cfic qud'c gia tflng viing hoac gifla cac vung vdi Su dich chuyen chinh lfi mdt tac nhfin gdp p h i n tao ndn cfic thay ddi vfi bid'n dpng tie'n trinh lich s i QHQT Vd cudi ciing, quan nidm phfit triln dfla trdn sfl phfit tridn kinh td' ndn tid'n trinh lich s i QHQT se la mdt qufi trinh cd tinh tie'n hda theo dfldng thfing chfl khdng phai cd tinh chu ky Quan niem ve sU phat t n l n nfiy cd mdt sd didm dfing chu y Thit nhat, Thuyd't Hd thd'ng T h l gidi da chi them mau thufin kinh te nhu mdt ddng Iflc quan trpng cho tiln trinh lich s i QHQT Mfiu thufin nfiy dien ca trdn binh didn QHQT khdng chi dl phfit trien mfi cdn nhfim thay ddi vi tri cua qud'c gia phan cdng lao ddng qudc te (17) ThU hai, sfl phfit trien kinh t l cua qud'c gia se khidn qud'c gia cd the dich chuyin gifla cfic viing vdi Qua dd, cfi'u tnic c i a he thd'ng thd' gidi se thay ddi Cfi'u true thay ddi se d i n de'n QHQT thay ddi Thit ba, nd cung chi kinh te nhfl yd'u to' cd ban di lfim thay dd'i vi the' qudc gia QHQT Sfl phfit triln kinh t l qudc gia d dfiy khdng chi Ifi v l Ifldng mfi cdn ve chfi't, tflc lfi ca kha nfing nfim gifl cfic Uu the' vl tfii chfnh vfi cdng nghe Dilu dd cd nghia tfing trfldng khdng ddng nghia vdi phfit tridn Thit tii, ap dung cfich nhin nfiy se giup giam bdt each nhin ljch s i ddn t h u i n theo Uch dai mfi phai ket hdp vdi ddng dai Phat triln khdng chi lfi sfl tien bp so vdi chinh minh mfi cdn la sfl cai thidn cho dflng c i a minh phfin cdng lao ddng qud'c te' vfi tfl dd lfi vi t h l QHQT Tfi't ca nhflng didm tren khdng chi giup giai thich ljch s i mfi cdn lfi sfl djnh hfldng cho sfl phat trien qud'c gia tie'n trinh Uch s i QHQT Tuy nhidn, nhupc diem c i a cfic quan niem phat trien nfiy lfi d chd nd thidn v l gdc dp kinh t l ndn khd giai thfch dupc cfic van dpng linh viic khac QHQT bao gid cung la da linh viic rV KET LUAN Nhfl vfiy, cd t h l tdm lupc quan dilm vl tie'n trinh lich s i QHQT Thuyet he thing Thd' gidi cua Immanuel Walerstein nhfl sau: Dd la mdt tie'n trinh vfin ddng dfla tren sii phat trien kinh td c i a qudc gia dl hinh thfinh vfi phat trien ndn he thong t h l gidi Hd thd'ng nfiy cd sfl phfin chia thfinh trung tfim-ngoai vi-bfin ngoai vi Nd dflpc to chflc diia trdn sfl phfin cdng lao ddng qudc td'vfi sfl chi phdi cua trung tfim Mau thuin c h i ye'u tao ndn ddng Iflc c i a tid'n trinh la Sli dfi'u tranh gifla cac nfldc vfi giai cfi'p nhfim phat trien vfi cai thidn dia vi cua minh sfl phfin cdng lao ddng qud'c te Quan dilm v l tien trinh lich s i cua Thuyd't He thong T h l gidi cd the dem lai mdt so' ddng gdp nghidn cflu ljch s i QHQT Cfic ddng gdp nfiy cd t h l chia lfim hai mang chfnh Mdng dong gop thii nhd't Id v l phUdng phfip lufin Dd lfi cfich nhin bidn chiing, cfich tid'p cfin kinh te chinh trj quoc te, cfich tie'p can he thdng the gidi va phfin tich cfi'u tnic, Mdng dong gop thit hai la mot sd lufin diem v l Uch s i QHQT Dd Ifi xu hfldng phfit trie'n c i a the gidi dfla trdn sfl phat triln kinh te, vai trd c i a mau thufin kinh te' lich s i QHQT, cfi'u tnic kinh te the gidi bfi't binh dfing theo kieu CNTB lfi nguyen nhan quy dinh tinh trang kim phfit trien cua cfic nfldc ngoai vi, xu hfldng chi phdi vfi phUdng n ^ trtnh ijch SIS' quan fag qutfc ti thflc nd dich ciia nfldc ldn ddi vdi nUdc nhd, QHQT, nhung T h u y l t He thd'ng The gidi nguyen nhfin chien t r a n h d viing trung vfin chi ddng vai trd n h u mdt cfich tie'p cfin tfim, quan diem ve ba quyln vfi vung bfin bd sung bdn lfi mpt ly thuyd't cd kha nfing ngoai vi, kha n a n g chuyen dich cua quoc giai thich td'ng the ve lich s i QHQT Nd lai gia gifla cfic vung, Ngofii ra, t h u y l t cfing khdng the lfi ly thuye't cd kha nfing cdn gdp p h i n giai thich mpt s l hidn tupng thay the cfic ly thuyd't khac Ddn gian bdi vi mdi QHQT (18), ddng gdp cho xu thuye't cdn d i y nhupc diem nhfl phan hfldng xfiy dflng Ljch s i Tofin c i u bdn canh tren da de cfip Vfi thiic te ljch s i QHQT Lich s i T h l gidi ludn gdm nhieu xu hudng van ddng khfie Mfic du cd sfl thich hdp nhfi't dinh bdi canh kinh te' ngfiy cfing ndi len mfi dd, tid'n trinh ljch s i cua Thuye't He thd'ng T h l gidi chi Ifi mdt CHU THICH (1) Tham khao thdm Hofing Khic Nam, Thuyet Phu thudc dudi goc dd quan hi qud'c ti', Mgt sdvan de ly ludn quan he qudc tedUdi goc nhin lich sk, Nxb Chinh tri Qudc gia, Hfi Noi, 2014, tr 39-66 tinh tr^ng vo chfnh phii vS giup dam bao cho sU d'n dinh QHQT (17) Thuyet He thd'ng T h l gidi t i l p t h u quan diem ciia Thuyet P h u thudc ve vi tri phfin (2), (3) Immanuel Wallerstein, The Modern cdng lao dpng quoc t e nhU mdt dieu ki?n quan World System 1, Academic Press, New York, 1974, cho sU phat trien Theo dd, cac nudc dang p 347 phat trien (d vung ngo^i vi) h^n che' ve vdn va (4) Immanuel Wallerstein phan ddi each goi T h l gidi thfl ba Chiln tranh Lanh bdi dng tai nguyen, ndng nghidp vfl hfing sO che von lfi (5), (6), (8), (11), (12), (13) Benno Teschke, Oxford Reus-Smit, Handbook Christian phan cdng lao ddng qucfc te Vi tri tha'p khien cac nUde dang phat trien chi ed cdch dUa vao cho riing chi c6 ragt the gi6i mfi thdi Marxism, cdng ngh? nen bi buoc phai cl vi tri thap (Editor), The of International nhting ng&nh ti suat ldi nhudn thfi'p Khong nhQng the', vi the' yeu, chiing cdn bi ^p ban gia tha'p va Relations, budc phai mua gia cao Trong dd, thang dU chu Oxford University Press, 2011, p 170, 169-170, yeu lai rOi v&o tay cac nudc phat t n l n (d viing 170, 172, 172, 170 trung tdm) Ket qua la cac nUdc d vung ngoai vi rd't (7), (9), (10), (14) JiU Steans & Lloyd Pettiford, Introduction to Perspectives and Themes, trung tam va sU phdn hda giQa hai nhom nude Pearson-Prentice HaU, lai cang ldn Su phu thudc bd't tuOng xiing ddn den cai md nhiing ngUdi theo thuye't goi la "sU London, 2005, p 92 (15) Xem Chapter 2: The new European Division of Labour: Wallerstein, The khd phat trien, hi phu thuoc ngdy cdng nhieu vao Relations: International c 1450-1640, Modern World Immanuel System 1, Academic Press, New York, 1974, p 66-129 thfl'ng tri mdi cua chu nghia thiic ddn" (18) Vi du, si^ ndi len ciia mot sfl nen kinh t e Ddng A n h u Hdn Quflc, Singapore, , da tiing la ngoai vi cua phUdng Tdy Nhd vdo si^ phat t n e n (16) Dfiy 1& quan ni?ni cd sU tUdng tU vdi kinh t l nen cde nen kinh t l ndy da cai thi^n dUdc Thuyet d'n dinh Ba quy^n ciing nhd'n manh vai trd vi t h l ciia minh phdn cdng lao ddng quoc te c^n thiet ciia ba quyen de tao lu^t choi, han che vd ttt dd Id vi the QHQT