VAl NET v i CUOC T A N CU; D I Cl/NHAN DAN B A C BQ TRONG NHONC NAM DAU T O A N O U O C KHANG CHIEN CHONG THUC D A N PHAP X A M LUOC (1946-1947) N G H O A N G NAM' T rUdc vfi sau thdi dilm bOng n^ cu$c khfing chil'n tofin qufl'c (19-12-1946) da di§n m^t sQ kifln quan trpng, cfl anh hudng ldn d i n vifle bao tofin iQc lupng d l k h i n g chil'n chd'ng thQc dfin Phfip, dfl lfi cu$c t a n cQ, di cU nhan dfin d cac tinh Bfic v! tuyin 16 khdi vQng chil^n sQ hofic cie vQng chil'n sQ sd lan tdi Tim h i i u v l cuflc t a n cQ, di cU nhfin dfin d Bfic Bfi nfim d i u tofin qud'c khfing chiin chfi'ng thQe dfin Phfip xfim iQpe, cfi t h i tilp cfin vfi nghien cQu d nhilu gde dO, khfa canh khfic Bai viet nfiy chi tfip trung lfim rd qufi trinh t a n cU nhan dan vfi vi^c hinh thfinh, hoat dpng eua cae trai di cQ san xufift d nhQng ndi cd dien hai ho^t d0ng nfiy Boi c a n h Uch suF v a c h u trifcfng c u a D a n g v l t i n cif, d i cuT nhfin dfin Diu nfim 1946, sau binh dinh Nam Bfi, Tfiy Nguyen vfi p h i n Nam Trung BO, thuc dfin Phfip dfi tien hfinh kdo qufin Trung Bd vfi Bftc Bp, hdng d^t l^i fich thfing trj trfln tofin b0 dfi't nUdc Vi^t Nam Bing kl^ hoaeh "ddnh nhanh thdng nhanh" vdi lUc lUdng dflng, quan dpi nhfi nghe, vu khf Vi§n Sik hoc toi tfin, thQc dan Phfip hy vpng se nhanh chdng tiflu didt chfnh q u y i n cfich mang, "ud hiiu hda titc thi Chinh phu HS Chi Minh" (1) Ngay sau dfit chfin r a Bfic B^, qufin dpi Phfip Ifip tQc gfiy r a nhQng cuflc xung dflt vu trang, gfiy rfii vfi cd nhiing hfinh dpng khiSu khfch gfiy chi^n Ngfiy 20-111946, d i ^ vfio cd bfit giQ nhQng tfiu hudn Trung Qufic, qufiji d^i Phfip bfin vfio qufin ddi Vi§t Nam d Hai Phdng, chilm cfic vi tri trpng yl'u thfinh phff, na phfio vfio nhilu khu dfin cQ Til'p dfl, ngfiy 25-111946, qufin Phfip nS sung bfin vfio qufin dpi Vi$t Nam tai Thj xa Lang Sdn Trong luc cuflc chil'n dfi'u d Hai Phdng vfi Lang Sdn dang diSn r a thi chfnh giQa Thii dfl Hfi Nfli, qufin d0i Phfip da lidn ti^p gfiy r a nhilu vu khidu khfch ldn Ngfiy 1-12-1946, chung ngfin can cfic ddn vj bfl dfli cua ta dang lfim nhi^m vy, ndm iQu dan giQa dudng phi, cho xe phdng bfit m^ng trfln cfic nga dUdng, b i n vfio cfic cd quan cflng cpng vfi cfic tru sd Vi$t Minh dang k i i m sofit, dfio h i m ho' d c i u Long Bien, c i t dfiy thdp gai d Tda Thi chfnh vfi gfiy hfi'n d cfic pho' khfic Ngfiy 1712-1946, qufin dfli Phfip gfiy r a vu d l m i u d Voi n6t ve cuflc t i n cir di cu pbfT Hfing BQn vfi tfin s i t rfi't nhilu ding bfio, dd ed ca eac em thiiu nhi Sfing ngfiy 18-12-1946 tai Hfi N^i qufin Phfip da huy ddng nhilu xe thifiit gifip vfi binh Ifnh dl'n chiem dflng Sd Tfii chfnh d dudng Cot Cd Bd Chi huy qufin dfli Phfip cdn l$nh cho raay bay thfim thfnh trdn khflng phfin Hfi Ndi suit ngfiy d khu vQc ciu Long Bidn, cQa Dfing vfi phfl' Yin Ninh, ding thdi lidn ti^p gfiy nhQng cuflc xung dfit vdi mfit dfl ngfiy cfing dfiy dfic Cfing t h i n g tai Hfi Npi diy ldn dinh dilm cQng ngfiy, tQdng Phfip Morlidre giii thu cho Chinh phu Vidt Nam Dfin chii Cfing hda vdi yeu saeh ddi chilm ddng Sd Tfii chinh, nhfi vidn Giam dfi'c, Sd Giao thfing, ddi p h i bd tfi't ea cfing sU, chUdng ngai vfit trfln cfic dudng pho" dl quan Phap dam nhidm vide giQ tri an d Hfi Ndi Toi hflu thu ghi ro: nfl'u phia Vidt Nam Dan chii Cflng hda khfing chfi'p thufin cfic yeu eiu cua hp, thi chfim nhfi't lfi vfio sfing sdra ngfiy 20-12-1946, hp se hfinh dfing Trudc am mUu md rfing chiin tranh xfim lUdc toan dfi't nudc cua thuc dfin Phap, Chfnh phu Vidt Nam da nhan nhUpng k^ vdi Phfip hiflp dinh Sd bd (6-3-1946), Tam Udc (14-9-1946) Dieu dd da ndi len udc vpng hda binh, Ifip trUdng chinh nghia cua dan tde Vidt Nam, d6ng thdi tranh thii sQ ung h$ ding tinh ngfiy cfing rpng rai cua nhfin dfin ydu chuong hda binh d Phap vfi nhfin dfin cac nUde trfln thfl" gidi, nhUng gidi hiiu ehien Phap da bdi Ude nhQng dilu khoan da ky, tilp tue nd' sung til'n hanh chil'n tranh DQng trUdc tinh the mdt cuflc chil'n tranh bQng n l trdn ca nUdc lfi khdng t h i t r i n h khdi, Trung Udng Dang, Chinh phu, dQng d i u lfi Chu tich H i Chi Minh da nhanh chdng tich cue chuan bi mpi mfit, chuyin dfi't nUdc vfio chifl'n tranh CQng vdi 53 nhfin dfin ca nUdc, thUe hidn chu trUdng "md tdng tin cdng" (2) vfio cfic vj trf qufin Phfip ddng d Hfi Nfii, Nam Djnh, Hai DUdng, Vinh, Hul^ Dfi Ning qufin vfi d i n Bie Bfi da tfch cUc ti^n hfinh tan cU, di cQ nhfin dfin, ting di chuyin cd quan, kho tfing, mfiy mdc v l vQng an tofin n h i m bao tofin vfi phfit triin iQc lUpng d l khfing chiin Ifiu dfii Nhfin thQc sau sic t i m quan trpng cfl f nghia quy^t djnh cua vi^c bao tofin iQc lupng, vai trd vfi tilm iQc cfich mang cua nhfin dfin, Dang vfi Chu tjch H i Chi Minh da r i t chu trpng, quan tfim din cfing tfic tan cQ, di cQ dfin nhfin NgUdi ndi: "T6i vd Chinh phu khdng gid phdt ndo khdng lo ldng din cdc dong bdo" (3) De bao v§ an tofin tinh mang vfi tfii san cua nhan dan, Trung Udng Dang vfi Chfnh phu da chu dpng dua nhan dan di sd tfin Theo do, cfic cu gifi, tre em, ngudi 6m dau, tfin tfit dfi sdm dupe to chQc rdi khdi thfinh pho*, thi ^^ ve vQng ndng thdn vfi ldn cfin cQ dia V l cdng t i e tan cQ, Chu tich H i Chi Minh chi ro: " moi kj*, tinh, huydn, Ifing deu phai c6 uy ban tan cU, cac uy ban nfiy eo nhidm vu lien hd mfit thiit vdi d l lam td't cdng vide dieu tra, nghidn cQu, xem xet tinh hinh nhan dfin tan cU NgUdi cdn Udc tinh so ngudi tan eU moi tinh cd the thu nhfin, nhQng tinh cd the dung v^n ngUdi: Ha Ddng, Vinh Ydn, Bie Ninh, Bfic Giang, Hai DUdng, HUng Yen, Hfi Nam Cd t h i dung van ngUdi Nam Dinh, Sdn Tfiy, Cao Bang, Thfii Nguyen, Thai Binh Cd t h i dung ngfin: Phue Ydn, Tuyen Quang, Cao Bang, Hofi Binh, Ninh Binh (Cflng ca hdn 210.000 ngudi)" (4) ThQc hifln chu trUdng nfiy, cac dia phUdng phai ed kl' hoach ro rfing, d l dfln nhfin sfl' ngUdi tan cU, giQp ding bfio nhQng luc di dUdng Cac tinh, huyen cin phai Ifip tram fin, nghi cung nhU 34 ho trp phUdng ti$n di chd hfing hda giQp ding bfio N h i m giQp cho vi§c t i n cU nhfin dfin cd trfit tu vfi thtfng nhtft, ngfiy 27-12-1946, Chu tjch H i Chf Minh vi^t bfii: M^t vdi y kien vi cdc dy ban kiin thiit, d^ng viin ddn chung, tdng gia sdn xuit, uy ban tdn cU (6) n h i m chi d^o, ddng vidn dfin chQng, tfing gia san xufi't Tilp dd, ngfiy 31-12-1946, Chu tjch H i Chf Minh Sic l$nh stf 5/SL v l v i ^ thfinh Ifip tiy ban Trung Udng tan cU vfi di cU (dilu 1) Sic l§nh quy djnh ngofii nhi§m vy nghidn cQu kl^ hoach tan cU, di cU, tiy ban tan cU, di cQ Trung Qdng sd nghidn cQu vfi d l nghi vdi cfic bfl kl' hoach tfing gia san xufi't vfi dpng vien nhfin dan Ngudi ndi: "O tien tuyl^n, chiin sT hy sinh xUdng raau de bao vfl non sflng O hfiu phUdng, tofin t h i qufic dfin hy sinh mo hdi nUdc mfit d l giup vide khang ehie'n Cfic dong bfio tan eU cam chiu dinh linh eUc khi, chQ khdng chiu dpi trdi chung vdi qufin thQ Tfli biet dong bfio trudc IQc tan eU, giao h i t iQdng thUe cho bdi dpi ta, cho khdi lot vfio tay dich Nhilu ngUdi tQ dfi't nhfi minh, cho khdi dl qufin dich dQng T h i lfi dong bfio da oanh lipt tham gia khang chilh" (6) De dieu hfinh kip thdi vfi sat cfing viec tan cU, di cU d Bfic Bp, ngfiy 12-11947, Uy ban tan cU, di eU Bfic Bfi dUpc thfinh Ifip vdi ngan q u j 30 tri^u dong Vdi sU quan tfim vfi chi dao ciia Dang vfi Chfnh phu, dfic biet lfi Chu tieh H i Chf Minh cdng cupc tan cU, di cU dfi dien r i m rd, sdi noi d h i u hl^t cac tinh thudc Bie Bfi TrUdc ngfiy tofin qud'c khang chi^n, cfing vide tan cQ, di cU nhfin dfin dUdc Dang, Chfnh phu, Chu tich Ho Chi Minh quan tam, hUdng dfin, diy len thfinh nhi^m vu chfnh nhQng cfing viec d l chuyin dfi't nUdc vfio thdi chi^n Vdi tinh t h i n canh Rghifln cQu Ljch su ao 1.1013 gific cfich m^ng, trUdc fim mUu dfinh Qp ciia thQc dan Phfip, tQ cuffi thfing 11-1946, cic thfinh phtf, thi xa ldn nhU Hfi Nfii, Nam Dinh, Hai Phdng nhfin dfin da chu dpng sd tfin khdi vQng chi^n si^ Qufi t r i n h t i ^ n hfinh t a n cK, d i cU nhfin d a n or B i e B $ Tdn cii nhdn ddn Thuc hi$n chu trUdng tan cQ,-di cQ ciia Dang, cflng tfic tan cU nhfin dfin diln tgii h i u bfi't cic tinh d B i e B^, nhlit lfi nhQng thfinh phtf, thi xa ldn, ndi chil'n tranh c6 t h i xay btft cQ luc nfio Moi tinh, huy^n d i u da thfinh Ifip uy ban tan eu, di cu dl hudng d i n vfi giup dd dong bfio NhQng cdng vide c h u i n bi cho cdng t i c tan cU dU^lc tilfn hfinh, cac tram diing chfin dUpc xay dQng tren dpc dUdng di chuyin, rapt ao qufin fin gifi re dUpc Ifip d l phyc vu ding bfio, mpt so' ndi da c h u i n bi thfinh l|ip nhQng trai di cU san xufit d l ddn ding bfio tan cu Vdi sU c h u i n hi chu dao, tfch cue dd, hfing chuc van dfin dQdc iiy ban tan cU, di cQ vfi chfnh quyin cfic dja phUdng hUdng d i n khdi vQng chilh su dang diln Thu dd Hfi Ndi lfi dja bfin quan trpng, ndi tfip trung cfic cd quan d i u nao khang chi^n, nguy cd bQng n l chil'n tranh tofin thfinh phfi" cfl t h i xay b i t cQ IQc nfio Vi thi*, de bao dam tinh mang cho nhfin din, lanh dao thfinh phfi^ da sdm hinh thfinh kl hoach tan cQ TrUdc chi^n si? n l nhfin dfin d Hfi Nfii da di chuyin din nhQng ndi an tofin nhQ: Ganh, PhOng, HA Dflng, ChQdng lAf DQdc sQ che chd, bao v$ cua bfi dpi, dfin qufin, tQ v§ thfinh, d^c bi$t lfi su giup dd cua Uy ban tan cu, di ctf Trung Udng cudc tan cu nhfin dfin tQ Hi Nfli vQng ngoai thfinh da d i l n an tofin Tfnh chung nhQng diu tofin qud'c khfing chil'n, Uy ban tan cQ, di cu Hfi Nfli da to chQc cho khoang 6.000 Vai nfet ve cu^c t&n cu di cu dfing bfio vfi hfing nghin ngoai kilu p h i n ldn lfi ngUdi Hoa tan cU Tinh Hfi Ddng lfi ndi ed dia the dfte biflt, gifip ranh Thu dd Hfi Nfii, ca nUde bUde vfio khang chiin, tinh lfi viing ty nfln nhan dan cac dia phUdng xung quanh dfi tan eU den rfi't ddng, khoang 15 van ngUdi Trong nhQng ngfiy d i u tofin qufl'c khfing chil'n, tinh Hfi Dflng dfi tilp ddn khdng chi dong bfio nfli vfi n g o thfinh Hfi Nfli, mfi cdn ddn ca dong bfio cfic tinh miin xyfli tQ Nam Dinh, Phu L^ tan cU Ifln Tuy trUdc dd Uy ban tan eu, di cU tinh Hfi Ddng da ehi dinh sfin cho dfin chung biit dia phUdng nfio phai chuin hi sfin sfing, tan cU phai lfim nhQng gi, t i i n vfi cua phai cfi't dfi'u sao, ndi nfio nen dIh d l tranh qMfin gific NhUng chua cd kinh nghiem nen mdi b i t d i u khdi chiin, iiy ban tan cU, di cU cua tinh, huyen vfi rfi't nhifl'u xa dfi phai cfing sQc giup dd dong bao tan cQ tQ cac ndi khfic dfi'n Hfi Dflng thdi kf nfiy tam chia thfinh hai khu vQc, khu tan cu vfi khu an tofin Huydn ChUdng My vfi My DQc dUdc chpn lam an tofin khu vfi cd nhi^m vu tilp ddn dong bao khdng t h i tU tQc tan eU len Viet Bfic Din thfing 2-1947, tren efic nga dUdng chinh cua tinh Hfi Ddng dfl'u xfiy dUng cac tram nghi chfin d l dUa dong bfio den cfic qufin tam trQ O cac ndi khfic, da quen vdi edng tfic tan cU nfln m5i qufin dpi Phap din cfin qudt, dan chQng dia phUdng tQ dflng tan cQ vfio cac vQng an tofin theo kfl^ ho^ch sfin cd cua uy ban tan cU, di cU tinh Sang t h i n g 3-1947, qufin dpi Phfip md rpng danh pha cae tinh Bfic Bfi, Hfi Ddng lfi dia bfin qufin Phap thudng xuydn tiin hanh cfin quit, bfit bd vfi cUdp bdc TrUdc tinh hinh dd, Uy ban tan cU, di cU Trung Udng nhfin dinh Hfi Ddng khdng phai lfi ndi ddn til'p nhfin dfin tan cU tdi mfi cin gfi'p rut tan cQ di ThQe hidn chu trUdng dd, Uy ban tan cU, di cU Bfic Bp da t l chQe dUa 20.000 ngudi tQ hai trai ChQdng My, Dan PhUdng vfi 3.000 ngQdi (7) tQ Uf DQc Ifln Vi$t Bie Tinh Thfii Nguydn dUpc coi lfi hfiu phUdng an tofin vdi an tofin khu Dinh Hda thu dd eua khfing chil'n, ndn ding bfio miin xuQi tan eU Ifln r i t dflng, tinh den thfing 21947, tinh Thfii Nguyen da til'p nhfin 12.000 ding bfio tan cU tQ eic tinh khfic den Cfic tinh khfic d chil'n khu Vifit Bie da til'p nhfin gin 63.000 (8) ding bfio tan cU tQ cfic ndi vl Trong nhQng ngfiy d i u tofin qufl'c khang ehie'n, hai tinh Phu Thp vfi Vinh Ydn dfi ddn tifi'p tren 20 cd quan, dofin the eua Trung Udng vfi trdn 60.000 dong bfio tQ Hfi Ndi, Hai Phdng va cfic ndi khfic tan cU din (9) Phiic Yen lfi dia bfin qufin ddi hai bdn (Viflt Nam - Phfip) ddng xen ke, vQng qufin dpi Phap kiim sofit chi each vQng an t o i n eua tinh Phue Yen bang nhQng sdng nhd, hep Nen, raSi quan Phfip di cfin qudt thi nhfin dfin tan cU qua sdng sang vung an tofin, qufin Phap rut nhfin dfin lai trd v l lam an binh thudng dfl bam dfi't O Thanh phfi' Nam Dinh, cfic cufic chiin dfi'u dang di§n fie liet ndi Ban ehi huy Mfit trfin Nam Dinh vfi chinh quyen cae dia phUdng cung da kjp to chQc dQa khoang 50.000 din 60.000 (10) dfin tQ thfinh phfi' v l cfic vQng nflng thfin Thfinh phd' Hai Phdng lfi mdt nhQng ndi thQe dan Phfip nd' sung gay hfi'n, dfinh pha d i u tien d Bfic Bd, nguy cd chil'n tranh lan rfing ngfiy 20-11-1946 ding bfio Hai Phdng da tan cU sang Kiln An Tuy gip gfip nhung Uy ban bao vfi tai Kil^n An da thu xep chS ftn, ngii cho ding bfio khflng cd hp hfing hay ngUdi quen biit 36 ngUdi Hoa cQng nhfin dupe sQ giQp dd vfi bao v$ tfii san Ngfiy 21-12-1946, chil'n sQ lan rfing sang dia bfin Ki^n An, d i n g bfio tQ Hai Phdng vfi Kil'n An dfi tan cU sang An DUdng, An Lao, Kil'n Thyy l^i phai tan cU di Tidn Lang, Vinh B i o vfi Thfii Binh Klft thQc dpt tan cU, di cU nfiy, tinh Ki^n An dfi t l chQc dupc dofin di cU, dofin thQ n h i t di CQ dupc 323 ngudi, dofin thQ hai 588 ngUdi, dofin thQ ba 768 ngUdi, dofin thQ tU 692 ngUdi Tong cfing l i n di cU, tinh Ki^n An da di cu dUde 2371 ngUdi (11) Khfic vdi Hfi Nfii, Nam Djnh vfi Hai Phdng, Ninh Binh tQ chil'n sQ n l lfi vQng tUdng dfii an tofin chUa xay chil'n tranh, nfln rfift dfing ding bfio d Nam Djnh, Hai DUdng, Hfi Nfii tan cu den Tinh Ninh Binh da til'p nhfin 5000 (12) dong bfio d Hai Phdng, Kil'n An, taii dfiy dong bfio tan cU dfl'n da dupe dfln tiep tQ tl' Tinh dl'n d i u nfim 1947, vQng Phat Didm da ddn tilp 30.000 dfin tan eU, uy ban tan cQ, di cu tinh da tS chQc xfiy dyng khoang g i n 100 cftn nha lfi d chd Nam Dfin, Phat Difim vfi d giQa quang dudng tQ Dflng Quan vfio Khu IV (13) Tinh Hda Binh lfi ndi an tofin nen tjy ban tan cU, di cU tinh ehu ye'u lfim cflng tfic ddn dong bfio tQ mien xuoi tan cU ldn ban, budn d Thj xfi Hda Binh Dong bfio miin nui tinh Hda Binh cd chi^n sQ lan tdi da tan cQ vfio rUng, nhUng khdng hpp thuy tho nhieu ngUdi bi om da phai ve ndi eu Theo chu trUdng cua Dang, nhQng ngUdi khdng cd nhidm vu d lgi ehie'n dfi'u vfi phue vu chien dfi'u thi di tan cU d l dam bao an tofin Ddi tUdng chinh phai tan cU lfi dflng dao efic t i n g Idp nhfin dfin lao dpng, phy nQ, ngQdi gifi, ngUdi tfin t i t vfi tre em, nhUng vdi long yflu nUde, quyet tam ddng gdp, hy sinh cho sU nghidp cQu nUdc, ddng dao nhan si, tri thQc, vfin nghd si eung tim Rghian cQu idch aiir stj l.isma dudng ldn chil'n khu t h a m gia khang chil'n Trong sfi* dfl cd n h i l u ngudi noi til'ng nhU cy BQi B i n g Dofin - Trudng ban ThQdng trye Qufl'c hfii; P h a n K^Toai - nguydn Kbfim sai d^i t h i n cua t r i l u dinh nhfi Nguyin, hay Nguyin Vftn To", Nguyin Vftn Huydn, Ton Thfi't TQng, T r i n HQu Tude, Ho Die Di, Linh myc P h a m Ba True, Hda thUdng Thfch Trf Dfi, Nhac si Vftn Cao, Nhfi vfin Nguyin Tufin ThQc hifin Chi thi cua Chu tich Ho Chf Minh gOi Bfi Nfii vy: "Vd luan the ndo cdc uy ban Hdnh chinh khdng diiOc di ddn bd va" (14), chfnh quyen cfic c i p da khin trUdng ti^n hfinh giQp dd cfic d i n g bfio tan cQ Cac cfi'p bd Dang, chfnh quyin da nhanh chdng trien khai cfic bifin phfip tilp nhfin d i n g bfio tan cU, phfin chia khu vUc dinh cu, on dinh cufic sfi'ng N h i | m vu ciia tQng cfi'p chfnh quyin cung dUpc phfin chia cy t h i "Cap xd: Tim chS cho dong bfio, thfinh Ifip vdi cac dofin the Ban Cy lao dl chia sU vui buon cQng dong bfio NhQng dong bfio ed hofin canh khd khftn, thiiu thfi'n dupc ung hfi thdc, gao, cui vfi dUdc giup dd vi^c lam fin bufin bfin tgi nhQng ndi mdi d^n T l chQe nhQng bQa an tfip dofin, hofie ti$c trfi thfin thidn nhiing ngfiy l l ldn (Tet Nguyen dfin, Tit Dfic lap) Ngofii nhQng trgm nghi ra, hiu bfi't eac thfin d i u cd s i n mfit vfii ngfii nha dl ddn tiep dong bfio di qua Cdp huyin: Trp cfi'p cho nhiJng dong bfio di qua, giai quyet nhQng xi'ch mich giQa d i n g bfio dia phUdng vfi dong bfio tan cU Thfinh Ifip ban k i i m sofit vfi sinh, tdi cac thdn d l ddn doc thi hfinh vfi sinh, san se nhQng ndi ddng dong bfio tan cU dl'n nhiJng ndi vang Cap tinh: Trp cfi'p cho nhQng gia dinh ddng due, tung t h i i u , cfi'p vd'n cho budn bfin, hdn lac vdi cac doan t h i d l thfinh Iflp nhQng 6y ban uy lao giai quyfi't nhQng sQ xich mfch quan trpng Bfin cfic hang mua dupc cua Ty V6i nii vi cuQc tAn eir di eu kinh tl^ vdi gii vfi'n, phfit khdng hofie bfin re chil'n cho nhQng dong bfio nghdo hofie tung thieu" (15) Di cit sdn xuat Di cU san xufi't lfi bfl phfin quan trpng cua cupc tan cQ, di cU l i n nfiy, day lfi eong vide vQa dam bao an tofin tinh mang cho nhfin dfin, vQa giup nhfin dfin tQ san xufi't lUdng thuc, thQe phfim nuoi sfi'ng gia dinh vfi ddng gdp cho khfing chilh Cufic khfing chil'n chfi'ng thyc dfin Phfip xfim lUpc diln dilu kidn dfi't nUdc vfin lfi thuoc dia nda phong kil'n vdi mpt n i n kinh tl' nfing nghifip lac hfiu, kdm phfit triin Nhifim vu chfnh cua dfin tpe trUde m i t lfi cung cfi' chinh quyfl'n, chfi'ng thUe dan Phap xfim iQdc, bfii trQ ndi phan, cai thidn ddi sfi'ng nhfin dfin Trong Chi thi Cdng viec khdn cap bdy gid, Chii tich Ho Chi Minh nhfi'n manh: "mud'n khfing chil^n thfing Ipi cin: To chQe du kich khfip ndi Tfing gia san xua't k h i p ndi DQ phai rUt khdi cac thfinh pho, ta cQng khflng cin, ta se giQ tfi't ca thfin qud" (16) Chi thi Todn ddn khdng chiin de "Chuang trinh khdng chiin" gom 12 dilu, dd nhidm vy v l kinh tl' chi ro: "Tdng gia sdn xudt, thiic hiin kinh titit tuc" (17) Vi thi', cfing vide tan cU, di cU ben canh vide sd tfin dl bao ve tinh mang, tfii san ciia dong bfio lfi nhiem vy di cU san xufi't vQa bid tofin dupc tinh mang vQa dam bao san xufi't, tu tQc kinh t^ Sfic Ifinh sfi" 05/SL nftm 1946, tgi did'u neu rd: "Ngofii nhidm vy nghien cQu kl' hoach tan cU vfi di cU, Uy ban Trung Udng se nghien cQu vfi d l nghi vdi cae Bd ad quan nhQng kfi* hogch tfing gia san xufi't vfi dflng vidn nhan dfin" (18) Cung vdi dd, de dam bao du iQdng thuc, thUc p h i m cho quan dfii vfi nhan dfin, nen kinh t l cua cfich mgng dang can kiet, Chii tich Ho Chi 37 Minh da chu trUdng "khdng dd mdt tac ddt hoan^, dong thdi dUa k h i u hifiu "Tiin phiiong site chiin ddu, Hdu phuang tdng gia sdn xudt' (19) Ngudi yeu ciu: " dong bfio tan cU cung phai t i n g gia san xufi't, rdi vfio hflu phUdng, cfic d i n g bfio mdi ngUdi phai lfim mfit vific, khflng nfln mot fin rdi ngoi khflng Cfic anh em trf thQc thi dem hoc v i n ciia minh giQp vfio vific vftn hda d thdn qud, sQc tuyfln truyen viec khfing chiin Hofie giup sQc vfio binh dan hpc vu, chd bd tfii hpe eua minh Con dong bfio cd vfi'n thi nen to chQc cfic cflng nghfi nhd" (20) ThQc hien chu trUdng " dong bdo ldm nghi gi, luc tdn cii cit ldm nghi dy Ai cdng site tdng gia sdn xudf' (21), hudng Qng phong trfio tfing gia san xufit, d h i u he't cac tinh Bfic Bfi dfi thfinh Ifip cfic trai di cU san xui^t, trgi tiiu cfing nghfi, mfit sfi' dia phUdng da thfinh Ifip dUpe eac trai cQu td', trai thieu nhi de giup dd dong bfio tan cQ Nhfim giup cfic trai di eU san xufi't di vfio hogt dfing ngay, Uy ban tan cU, di cQ Trung Udng da trfch p h i n quy tan cU, di cQ Trung Udng cho nhiing tinh ed cac trai di eU san xufi't lfim vd'n, rad cfic ngfinh nghi san xuit Cac trai di eU san xufi't dftt dUdi sU quan ly ciia Phdng di cii sdn xudt Trung tiang Trudng phdng thdi k^ nfiy lfi dong chi Nguyin Duy Tinh, ciing tham gia cdng tfic chi dao viec di cU san xufi't cd dong chi Le DQc Tiin - Bi thU vfi ding chi Dinh Dudng LUdng - Thu ky (22) VI vfi'n d l di cU san xufi't, theo chu trUdng eua Dang, moi tinh, huyfln tQy theo dilu kidn, phai thfinh Ifip nbiJng trai di cU san xua't, trgi tiiu edng nghd de thu ngp trai vien vfio tham gia san xufi't, hpc n g h i d l lfim fin NhQng dia phUdng nfio cd die~u kien Ifip them trgi cQu te va trgi Rghien cQu IJcli sir, s61.2013 thieu nhi d l dam bao vific lfim, chfim sdc sQc khde, y t l vfi vific hpc hfinh Tinh Hfi Dflng da thfinh 14p cfic trgi di cU san xufi't d l giQp dd ding bfio t i n cU Huyfin Thudng Tin thfinh l i p dUpc trgi san xufi't gIm: Kifln Giang, Hung Hiin, Minh DQc, Ydn Cfi'e tjy ban tan cQ, di cU tinh da chi 3.283.330 d i n g vfi 253 tg thdc cho cic trai di cu san xufi't, dfl huyfin PhQ Xuydn 1.859.070 ding, 72 tg thdc; huyfin Ong Hda 7.012.00 ding, 261 tg thdc; huyfin My DQc 14.000.00 ding, 136 ta thflc (23) Tinh Hfi Dflng da t l chQc vfi gay quy tan cU d l Uy ban tan cu, di cu tinh boat dpng Quy tiin, Oy ban tan cU, di cU Bfic Bfi trp cfi'p 10.000.000 dong, t i i n thu tra lgi 357.00 ding, tiin ung hfi 200.00 ding, sap nhfip ngfin quy huyen Ong Hda 4.105.057 dong Vdi sfi' tiin dd uy ban tan cU, di eU tinh da trd cfi'p cho cac uy ban tan eU huyen vfi cfic trgi di cU san xufi't 99.967 dong, quy cdn dpng lai 5.090 d i n g (24) Quy thdc, theo chi phf cua Chinh phu, moi m i u ruflng nhan dfin phai nfip 5kg, so* thdc thu khdng dupe thu du, ^^ cfl ndi nop tien ndi khdng nfip dUdc xin miin vi ddi kdm Uy ban tan cU, di eU tinh Hfi Ddng trp cfi'p eho cfic trgi 5.200 kg VI quy thdc tan cU, huyfin PhQ Xuydn cd 256 ta, huyfin My DQc cd 551 ta, huyfin Ong Hda cd 532 ta, sd' thdc dd dUpc mang sang Thudng Tin 398 ta, ChUdng My 218 ta (25) Vdi sfi' thdc thu dUpc dd, uy ban cac huyfin da chi dQng giQp ding bfio tan cQ vfi tie'p tl' cho cfic trgi san xufi't Tinh Nam Dinh, vific tifl'n hfinh tan cQ vfi triin khai cflng tfic di cQ san xufi't dupe tien hfinh sdm Uy ban tan eU, di eU Trung Udng cip cho Oy ban tan cU, di eU tinh 54.153.800 dong (26), vdi nguon ngfin quy nfiy uy ban tan cU, di cU tinh da to chQc Ifip dQpc trgi san xufi't gom: xudng kdo spi PhQdng Dfi (TrQc Ninh), xQdng dan r l ThQpng Ndng (Nam TrQc), trai Hai An (Thinh Long), trgi nufli Xuan Thuy (Hai Hfiu) (27) Tgi Ninh Binh, cflng t i c thfinh Ifip trgi s i n xufi't cung dUpc ehu f, sau tofin qud'c khfing chil'n tinh dfi thfinh Ifip dupc hai trgi tan cU ldn vfi cfic trai tan cu nhd Huyfin Ydn Khfinh, da td chQe dUde trgi san xufi't lfi: Duydn Nfiu, Quylit Chung, PhQc LUdng vfi Sinh Dupc, cfic trai san xufi't d i u nhfin dupc sQ trp c i p tfii chfnh tU Uy ban tan cU, di eu Trung Udng Cfic hfl gia dinh tgi dfiy, eung da nhfin nudi vfi giQp dd cac gia dinh tan cQ, dpt nfiy xa Duyen Nfiu nhfin nudi 10 gia dlnh, gin 50 ngUdi, xa Quyet Chung, Ddng PhQ, Cflng Thyy nhfin giup dd 300 dong bfio tan cU (28) Oy ban tan cii, di cU tinh Hfi Nam vfi cac huyen dUpc thfinh Ifip tQ thfing 5-1947 Oy ban tan cU, di cU Trung Qdng cffp cho Ha Nam 30 van (29), vdi s^ quy dd tinh thfinh lap ba trgi tieu cflng nghfi tgi Khuyin Cfing (Kim Bang), Ngpc Dfing (Duy Tien) vfi Trfi Chfiu (Thanh Liem) Trai vien chu yiu lam vfi hpc nghe kdo bflng spi, moi trgi vidn dupc cfi'p dong mfit ngfiy d l lfim vific Sau mfit thdi gian thQc hien, viec san xuit bi Id vfi'n, hai trgi Ngpc Dfing vfi Trfi Chfiu phai giai tfin, 250 trgi vien phfin tfin, ehi cdn tri trgi Khuyen Cdng vdi 200 trai vien D i n t h i n g 8-1947, Hfi Nam thfinh Ifip them hai trgi di cU san x u i t d Cfic Thfln (Kim Bang) vfi Bfl'ng Tgng (Thanh Liflm) Trgi vien chu yeu lam nflng nghidp, Ifi'y trpt vfi chfin nufli lfi hogt dfing san xufi't chfnh, moi trgi vien dUpc cSTp 15 dong vfi 700g gao moi ngfiy Sau mfit thdi gian hogt dfing, hai trgi d i u hi giai tan vi nude dfic vfi t h i i u tiin Tai HUng Yen, uy ban tan cU, di cU tinh VAi n61 v& euQe tan cu di eu da chi dgo thfinh Ifip hai trgi san xufit vfi mfit trai cQu t^, eac trgi nfiy da tilp nhfin 206 trgi vidn bao gIm: 140 trgi vien san xuit, 80 trgi vien cQu t^, 50 thilii nhi dUdi 10 t u l i (30) Trong cfic trai di cQ san xufi't, trai tiiu cdng nghfi, trgi vien ehu yfi'u lfim n g h i difit chieu, ddt bao tai, ddt vai, dan len, dan spi, dan rd vfi dQng bing tre Ngofii ra, cfic trgi vien cdn chfin nudi trfiu, bd, ldn, gfi Oy ban tan cQ, di cU tinh Hai DUdng da t^ chQc dQpc trgi gom efic trgi di cU ndng nghidp, trgi tieu cflng nghfi vfi trgi cQu t l Do chien sU lan rfing ba trai phai phan tfin vfio cfic vQng an tofin eiia huyfin nen ehi cdn ba trgi, trai tiiu cflng nghe d Do Nghia (Ninh Giang), trgi nflng nghidp d Binh Cach (Cim Giang) vfi trgi thiiu nhi cQu tl' d huyen Vinh Bao Trong do, hai trgi Do Nghia vfi Binh Cfich da tu tuc boat dfing san xufi't, trgi Vinh Bao khfing dUdc d i u tu va hoat dfing khong hifiu qua ndn phai phfin tfin tinh Thfii Binh, tQ viflc di cQ di Dfing Trilu va Thfii Nguyen ngUng trd, cfic phu huyfln tU dfing Ifip cfic trgi di cU san xufi't Trong thdi gian nay, tinh Ifip dupc trgi Duyen Ha, trgi Cao Mo (Tien HUng), trai Tan Bfii (Tie'n Hai) va trai Duyfin Trang (Dflng HUng), so' trgi vidn cfic trai nfiy tQ 50 den 70 ngudi (31) V l hogt dfing san xufi't, ben cgnh boat dfing san xufi't nflng nghiep, trot, rapt so' trgi vidn da tQ tue md rfing chan nufii vit, Ipn vfi lfim them cfic n g h i thu cfing nhu dan ti, ra, dfit chieu Dd'i vdi nhQng ngudi tfin tat, di fin xin, Oy ban khfing chil'n hanh ehinh tinh tfip trung vfio cfic trai te bin, trgi cQu tl' de giup dd hp Thyc hifln ehu trQdng ciia Dang, Chinh phu, dQng d i u lfi Chu tich Ho Chi Minh, uy ban tan cQ, di cQ cac cfi'p da to chQc giup dd hfing chuc van ngQdi rdi khdi vQng chilh sQ d l dl'n nhQng vQng an tofin Vdi sU giQp dd cua uy ban tan cU, di cU, chinh quyin vfi nhfin dfin cfic dia phUdng, ding bfio tan cU din ndi mdi da nhanh chdng I n dinh cufic so'ng, tich eUc tham gia san xufi^t vfi khfing chien Tren thUc t l cflng tfic tan cU da diln thufin Ipi, ding bfio tan cU tham gia tieh cQc vfio sU nghifip khfing chil'n kiln qufl'c Bdo CUu Qudc so ngfiy 4-12-1946 da phan finh tinh hinh nfiy nhU sau: " cac nhfi tan eU khfic cQng mdi ngUdi mfit vific, ching fin khfing ngii roi Mfi'y hfim trUdc mdi tan cU vl, Ifing nUdc cd ve xfin xao, chQ cdn l^i Ig Id, khfich thi fiy nfiy bQa lo bQa sau NhUng bay gid da khfic, ciang cd vific lira, cung lo t i n g gia san xufi't, khfing ban khoan nfii phai dl b i n tfim dl'n bfi Ifing vi ciing an cU lgc nghidp " (32) N h a n xet Tien hanh tan cU, di eU nhfin dfin Bfic Bfi v l vung an tofin lfi rafit t h i n g Ipi, mfit bai hpe kinh nghiem ldn, cd f nghia quan trpng viee bao tofin lyc lUdng d l khang chifl'n Ifiu dai Phai khang dinh ring, nhd chii dpng tan cu, di cU nhfin dan - nhQng ngUdi khfing trUe tilp chiin dfi'u vfi phye vy chiin dfi'u khdi vQng chil'n sQ hay cae viing chiin sU sfip lan tdi da gdp p h i n to ldn vfio t h i n g ldi nfim d i u tofin qud'c khfing chil'n Thfinh qua cua cfing t i e tan cU, di cU nhfin dan gdp p h i n bao tofin dUpc nhfin lUe, vit lUe cho cufic khang chiin trudng 1^ ChQng minh tU tudng "lay ddn ldm goc " eua Chu tich H i Chi Minh lfi mfit gia tri trudng ton Hdn nQa, cufic tan cU, di cU nhfin dfin dUpc tien hfinh mfit cfich ehu dfing, kjp thdi gdp phin pha tan kl' hogch "dfinh nhanh thing nhanh", am mUu "dung ngUdi Viet trj ngudi 40 Vifit^', 'la'y ehie'n tranh nufli chilh tranh" cua thue dfin Phip Hfing ngfin ngUdi tgi nhQng dd thi thufic cfic tinh Bie Bfi dfi vl cfic vQng ngogi thfinh vfi nhQng ndi an tofin NhQng ngQdi tan cU da dupc chfnh quyin vfi d i n g bfio sd tgi giQp dd, CUu mang, tgo cdng fin vific lfim, gfip p h i n hgn ch^ nhQng tfl'n thfi't mfi't mfit Mfit khfic, d i n chQng da trifit d l tan cU khoi dfl thi ndn nhifim vy tidu t h i khfing chiin vfi phfi hogi dupe tifl'n hfinh thufin Ipi CQng vdi cufic tan cQ nhan dfin, vific di cU san xufi't cung dQpc ti^n hfinh thfinh cflng vfi dgt kl^t qua Hfiu h i t cfic tinh Bie Bfi, ndi cd dong bfio tan cU din da thfinh Ifip cic trgi san xufi't, trgi tieu cflng nghp d l ddn tifi'p, thu nhfin ding bfio, gidp dd, dfio tgo cflng ftn vide lfim, tfing gia san xufi't lfim phyc vu khang chien."Tinh chung tgi Bac Bg vd Trung Bd cdc dia phiiOng dd thdnh lap diiOc 500 trgi sdn xud't, tgo cong dn viec ldm cho khodng 70.000 dong bdo tdn cit" (33), dfiy lfi mdt so'khdng nhd Cufic tan cQ, di cQ d Bfic Bfl thfinh cfing, lfi dupc sU quan tfim, lanh dao cua Dang, Chfnh phu, chinh quyfl'n cfic cfi'p, Oy ban hfinh chinh, Oy ban tan cU, di cU cfic ky, tinh, huyfln vfi dfic biet lfi sU giup dfl cua dong bfio sd tai Chu tich Ho Chi Minh giQ vai trd dfic biflt quan trpng vide ehi dao, hUdng dfin cufic tan cU, di cU nhan dfln d Bfic Bfl v l cac vQng an tofin NgQdi khfing chi de nhQng chu trUdng mfi cdn true tiefp chi dgo, hUdng dfin vfi thudng xuydn dfing vien dong bfio tan cQ, di cU Nhd dd mfi vific tan cU, di cU khdng chi diln thfinh cdng mfi cdn khdi dfiy truyin thfl'ng dofin ke't, ldng tin cua nhfin dan vfio sQ lanh dao cua Dang vfi Chinh phu Cufic tan cU, di eU nhan dan d Bfic Bp nfim d i u tofin quoc khang chien thue sQ Ifi mfit cudc chien dfi'u gay go va gian ftgnmn K,uti imJ« «M .-IS k h i cua d i n g bfio tan cQ H i u hit nhQng ngUdi tham gia tan cu, di cu diu cd tfim 1^ hoang mang cQng vdi nSi nhd nhung qufi nhfi, phai ad t i n hofin canh chilh tranh thudng xuydn diln ra, phUdng tifin vfin chuyin khflng c6, hfinh \f, tu trang thi cfing kinh, lgi phai di chuyin trdn nhQng dogn dudng xa Nht2ng IQc chil'n si^ chUa xay cflng vific tan cU, di cU dfi vit va, nhiJng xay chilh sQ din dfip, uy ban tan cU, di cU chua kip trien khai, nhfin dfin phai chay logn gfip nhilu khd khftn Hdn thd*, dl'n ndi tan cU vi sfl^ lUpng dfing, lai phfin bfl' khflng d i u nfln ndi fin, chd'n d, vific lfim, cflng tfic giao dye, y tl, thuSc men deu t h i i u thon, khd khfin Dieu dd lfim cho cufic sfTng cua d i n g bfio tan cU sut kdm, anh hudng dl^n ddi sMig ciia ding bfio sd tai Bdn canh dd, edng tac tan cQ, di cQ cdn hi cfic thl^ iQc thQ djch phan dfing, qufi'y pha vfi dy dd "Cdc bdo cdo phdn dgng, cd Viet gian ldn thiic ddn, dang ndm lay tinh trgng kho gidi quyit cdc trgi di cit dephdn tuyin truyin khdng ngdt Boi vdi dong bdo phdi trd vi, chung siic ldi keo, phinh phd de theo doi " (34) Cflng tac tan cU, di eU nhfin dfin b Bfic Bp cdn ton tgi nhQng hgn chl' s4 chu quan vfi d i l u kifin khfich quan dem lgi Trong vific t a n cU nhfin dfin, mfit phin Uy ban tan cU hogt ddng kdm hifiu qua, p h i n nhifi'u lfi chua cd kinh nghifim Thdi gian d i u , vi chua cd sQ chuft'n bj chu dfio, cung nhu n h a n dan chua n i m dUpc chd trUdng cua Dang, nfln viflc tan cU diln rfi't khd khfin, Ifin xfin, xufi't hifin tfim \f sfiTng tam bd, dfim bQa nQa thang roi lgi trd v l que cu Ben canh dd, k^ hogch tan eU v l cic dia phUdng cung khdng dQng vdi mfit dfl vfi dja bfin, cd nhQng vQng dfi't rfing an tofin khfing tan cQ vi, mfi tan cU dl'n nhQng ndi gin 41 Vai n6t ve cu^c tdn eu di eu mftt trfin, viing quan sQ bf mfit Ve vfi'n d l di cU san xufi't cung ton tai nhQng hgn chl, dd lfi tam ly chu quan, ndng vfii vide Ifip trgi di cU san xufi't, q u i tfip trung d i u tU phd trUdng vfio mfit vfii trai san xufi't, phfin h6 ngfin quy khflng diu, nen xay tinh trgng cfi trai khdng du tien de hogt dfing Hogt dfing cua cfic trai di eU san x u i t t l chQc khflng td't, chUa dupe chQ trpng d i u tu, chUa thu hQt dQdc dfing trai vidn vfi nhfin dfin tham gia, lam cho phong trao di eu san xufi't gfip nhilu khd khfin Nhiing ngUdi phy trfich cfic trgi di cU san xufi't, tiiu cdng nghfi khfing cd k l hogch san xufi't sfit vdi thUc te va nfing lUc cua trai vien, chUa cd sU p h ^ hpp giQa cac trai tiiu cdng nghe vfi trgi san xufi't ndng nghiep vific hdp tac san xufi't Mdt so trgi tieu cdng nghfi dUdc md vdi y tudng lfim viflc nhu nhQng xudng ldn nen khdng hpp vdi cac trai tiflu cdng nghe di cU vdi kieu lfim an nhd, hep Hdn nQa, khdng nam sfit thuc te', chu quan, thi hfinh khflng cd ke hogch, ddi so'ng cua ddng bfio trung du, hay miin ngUde gfip nhilu khd khan "Mgt phdn ldn cdc trgi sdn xudt di cii hay tgm trd d vitng trung du hay man ngitcfc dd tit dong vi xudi, viia di trdnh nitdc dgc viia degdt liia, vUa vi sdp cgn liing vd'n, khdng co ki hogch sinh nhai Hg mang theo noi thdt vgng, oan Chinh phu ta "dem bo cha" vd phdn tuyin truyin ta Nhitng ngitdi d lgi, thi dn ddi (sudt ggo bi gidm, soi ret khdng co thudc, khdng cd thdy chita, sdn xudt cdm chia, chiia cd dn, hodc chi co rdt it, khdng du t{i cdp, t\i tdc, cd chd thiiu ndng cu, thiiu trdu bd, thiiu hg.t gidng " (35), dilu nfiy da gfiy nhilu khd khftn eho cfich mgng nhQng ngfiy d i u khfing chil'n VI mfit khfich quan, bdi day lfi mfit cufic tan cQ, di cQ cua ca vQng Bie Bfi chQ khfing phai diln d rafit tinh ridng Id, vi thl^ cac cupe tan cQ, di cU phai tifl'n hfinh k h i n trUdng, bf mfit, nbUng cung hiit sQc nhjp nhang giQa ndi di vfi ndi den, d l t r i n h qufin Phfip phfit hidn Hdn nQa, dilu kifln kinh tl' dfi't nUde khd khfin, sU non yeu v l kinh nghidm, sU dilu hfinh quan ly thi nhQng ban c h l trfln lfi khdng the tranh khdi Hdn 60 nfim sau, nghidn cQu vfin de tan cU, di cQ, dgt nd hoan canh dat nUdc thdi ba'y gid, xet thay day diing lfi mfit ky tich cua dfin tgc, chu trUdng diing dfin cua Dang viflc bao vfi sQc dfin, thfi'm n h u i n tu tudng "cdch mgng Id sit nghiep cua qudn chun^' Ngfiy nay, cfing cuoc dfli mdi toan didn va triet de, Dang vfi Chinh phu cin phfit huy tU tudng "ldy ddn ldm goc" mfi cufic tan cU, di cU nhan dan d Bie Bd nfim d i u tofin qufl'c khang chien da minh chQng CHU THICH (1) Vien Ljch s\t QuSn BU Vi^t Nam: Lich sH (2) Dang Cfing san Vi§t Nam: Van ki^n qudn khdng chiin ching thUc ddn Phdp 1945-1954, Tap sil cua Ddng, T§p 2, Nxb Quan d§i Nhfin dfin Ha 2, Todn quic khdng chien, Nxb Quan dfii NhSn Noi, 1976, tr 105 dSn, Ha N6i, 2005, tr 10 (3), (6), Hd Chi Minh todn tgp, Tfip 5, Nxb Chinh Hghiai elhi Hch silr si 1.8013 42 (17) D i n g C«ng s i n ViSt Nam, Vin kiin Ddng tri Quffc Bi« Hii N?i, 1996, tr 49 (4), (5) Hi Chl Minh toin tflp TJip 4, Nxb gia, Hft N«i, 2000, t r l Chlnh t n Quffc gia, Hk N?i, 1996, tr 491- 496 (7) Bdo cdo thinh tich 18 thing khing chiin tit thing 2/1946 • 5/1948 cia ttnh Hi D6ng, Trunf cdch mang vi khdng chiin ch^ng Phip trang (1941- 1954) M chi huy quSn sM tinh T h i i NguySn x u t t (9) Vi§n Lich sOf quftn atf Vi§t Nam: Lich ait chiin chting thifi; din Phip 1945 - 1954 (10) Hi Nam Ninh lich siJC khang chiin ch^ng 1945 • 1954, B« Chi huy quftn sV (19/12/1946 (23), (24), (25) Bio cdo thinh khdng chiin til thdng 2/1946 tich 18 thdng • 511948 cia linh Hi tr 29 (26) Bdo cdo 16 - 4/1948) thing cia khang UBHCKC 16 thing khdng chiin - 4/1948) cua UBHCKC tinh Hdi Kiin tr 34 khing chiin tit thing 2/1946 tich 18 thing - 5/1948 cua Liin Khu HI, Trung tfim Luu trQ Qufic gia HI, Hfi sd 92, tr 86, 87 Trung tftm Luu trii Quoc gia HI, H6 BO 99, tr.23 (13) Bio cdo tuih 18 thing khing chiin tinh Nam Binh, Trung t i m LUu trQ Qufic gia III, HS sd 102, (27), (28), (29) Bdo cdo thinh tinh Hft Nam Ninh, 1986, tr 90 (11), (12) Bio Bdc T r u n g tftm Luu 677 (19/12/1946 Tftp 2, add, tr 89 th^lc din Phip til 14 • 16/ 9/1948, Ding, Trung tftm Lim trQ Q u & gia III, H5 sd 96, b i n , 1999, t r l khing (22) H6 8(t H$i ngh} tdn cU di miin Vi4t Nam trQ Qufic gia III, phflng P h u Thii tudng, S6 so t»m LUu trO QuSc gia 3, H i so 96, tr 29 (8) Thii NguySn • L}ch sit d&u tranh vi Toin tip, Tftp (1945-1947), N i b Cblnh trj QuSb chiin (30), (31) Bdo cio thinh cia thing tara Lmi trfi Quoc gia III, Ho so 92, tr.87 Khu III, T r u n g tfim Liru trQ Qufic gia III, Hfi so Liln 92, tr (32) Bao Cihi Qudc, sff 426, ngfty 4-12-1946 sdd, tr 90, 49, 49 (15) Bao cio 16 thing - 5/1948 18 khing (14), (20), (21) Hi Chi Minh toin tap, T J p 5, chiin lit thdng 2/1946 tick ta thing 2/1946 • 5/1948 cia Liin Khu HI Trung khing chiin 12/1946 5/1948 cua uy ban k/idng chiin hinh chinh - Liin tinh Hung Yen Trung tftm LUu trQ Quoc gia III, phSng Phu Thu tufing, H5 80 101, tr 43 (16), (18), (19) Hi Chi Minh toin tip, Tftp 4, edd, tr 433-434, 491-495, 495 (33) Vilt Bdc 30 nim 1945-1954, chiin tranh cdch mang N i b Quftn dfii Nhftn d i n , H i Nfii, 1990, tr 83 (34), (36) D i n g Cfing s i n Viftt Nam ; Van kiln Ddng toin t4p, Tftp (1945-1947), Nxb Chinh tti Qufic gia H i Nfii, 2000 tr 243, 243