PHONG TRAO CONQ N H A N Vi MUC TIEU DAN SINH or CAC THI MIEN NAM VIET NAM GIAI OOAN1954-1959 LfeCUNG' T rong khfing chd'ng My, cflu nfldc (1954-1975), cing vdi phong trfio dlii tranh chung c i a nhdn ddn miln Nam, phong trfio cfing nhdn d cde dd thj diln h^t sic sdi n6i tfl nhflng ngfiy diu chl" dd 'Viit Nam Cdng hda" vfla thfinh l|ip cho dl'n ngfiy cao chung (30-4-1975), Do hgn cb^ ve tfl lidu, nhilu cupc dd'u tranh cia cdng nhdn miln Nam chfla dfldc phan anh diy d i cfic cdng trinh nghien ciiu lich si, hodc cfic cdng trinh lien quan Vide nghien cflu m$t each diy d i vd h$ thd'ng vl phong trfio cdng nhfin miln Nam khfing chiln chd'ng My, ciu nfldc !d hi't sflc cin thilt, Bfii vil't nfiy gidi hgn vi^c tim hieu: "Phong trdo c6ng nh&n vi muc tieu d&n sinh d cdc dd thi miin Nam Viit Nam giai dogn 1954-1959", gdp phin nh^n thie ro hdn vl ljeh s i dan t ^ ndi chung vfi phong trfio cfing nhfin miln Nam ndi ridng, T i eudi ndm 1954, phong trdo cfing nhdn d cde dd thj miln Nam da phfit khdi, Tgi Sdi Gdn, ngfiy 7-12-1954, cu$e bdi cdng cua cdng nhfin da diSn 24 xfldng vd dl'n ngdy 17-12, cdng nhan hdng logt edc xfldng khfic tuyen bS* tdng bdi cfing cung m0t ngdy Cupc tdng bai cfing ldi cufi'n todn t h i cfing nhdn 51 xfldng *PGS-TS Dgi hpc Su phgm - Dgi hpc Hul thu^c cfic hfing nhd binh Phdp d Sdi Gdn Chp Ldn, Gia Dinh, T b i Diu M^t vd Bidn Hfia tham gia, Trong cfic cu^c bfii cfing, cfing nhdn da ndu cao cfic khIu hi$u: - Tdng luang 20% • Gidm gid sinh hogt • Thi hdnh Hiep dinh Genive" (1), Cu$e diu tranh d\i(}c cde nghidp dofin cfing nhfin vd edc ting Idp nhan dfin Sdi Gdn • Chp Ldn tich cflc iong hfi Sau gin mdt thing diu tranh, cdng nhdn dfi bupc e h i hang chip nhdn ydu sdch de Tgi Hul, sau Hi^p djnh Gendve (1954), phong trdo cdng nhdn diu tranh vi myc tidu dfin sinh diln rd't sfii ndi, bao gom hlu bd't cdc ngdnh, nhfl nhing c u ^ diu tranh cia cdng nhfin ldi xe tuyln dfldng Ddng Ba - Bao Vinh, Nguydn xe dd chay tuyln dfldng Dfing Ba • Bao Vinh, bl'n xe d$u trfldc dinh lfing Bao Vinh, nhiing t i cudi thfing 6-1954, Tilu dofin 606 cua dich ddng d Dja Linh cbo rfio thdm vj tri dl gii! elu Bao Vinh, bin xe bu^c phai ddi dlfn khoanh dfi't ngodi song trudc mfit chp Bao Vinh, M5i ed mfla to, blfn xe trd ndn Ily 131, trd nggi cbo vi^c ddu xe Cdc ldi xe da e h i d$ng tgm thdi thay ddi vj tri bl'n xe, Vien Qu^in trfldng Hfldng Trfi tri^u t^p cfic Rghlftn ciu iqch s i atf 4.2012 ldi xe vl qu^n dfldng vd bu$c bp pbii s i a chia lgi bin xe di trdnh kbd khdn, nhflng cdc Hi xe cho vi$c s i a chfla bl'n xe Id trdch nhi^m cia nhd chic trich ndn khfing thyc bi^n, Cudi thfing 11-1954, til't trdi mfla to, bl'n xe qufi hfl hdng, cdc ldi xe eho ddi bin xe d^n din canh s i t Ba Dinh Tuy nbidn, tbd'y d dfiy khfieb bfing ft oi, gdy khd kbfin cho ddi sd'ng cia hp, ngdy 16-12-1954, cdc Hi xe kdo din qu^n dudng Hudng Trd diu tranh ddi vidn qufin trudng phai giai quylt bin d$u xe d bdn try sd qudn dfldng Vidn qu$n trfldng phai nhflpng b$ bing each giai quyl't bin d^u xe tgi ngfi ba Cia H$u Ba Dinh, m§t vj tri thu^n Ipi bdn (2), Ngfiy 25-3-1955, cdng nhfin ngfinli t b i y di^n H u l td chic dinh cfing Nguydn nhfin cia cufie dinh cfing nfiy Id chu hang Thiy di$n Hul' sa thai cdng nhfin mpt edeh tfly ti^n vfi vd cd, p h i nhfin ty nghidp dodn vd dfin dp nhdn vidn Ban Quan tri nghidp dodn tgi Hue, tra Ifldng cho cdng nhdn dfldi mflc tdi thilu, khdng tra tien phy cd'p cho gia dinb Vdo 14 gid 30, ngdy 25-31955, Nghidp dodn t h i y didn Hul^ da hpp Hdi nghi b i t thfldng tai Try sd nghifip dofin Trung Vi0t, 35 dfldng Hfing Bd (nay Id dfldng Huynh Thie Khang) Hul H§i nghj kdu goi todn thi cfing nhdn thuy di^n H u l ^ n h cdng Idp t i e vfi c i Ban dgi di§n din tinh dfldng Thfla Thidn ndu ydu sdch Tinh trfldng T b i a Thidn bu^c phai td chic m^t eu$e hda giai gii3a dgi di^n cfing nhdn vdi c h i hang Thiy di§n Hul" Din 18 gid 30, m^t sd' nguydn vpng cua cfing nhfin dflpc giai quylt, nbflng hfim sau (26-3-1955), cu$c doi thoai vin til'p tyc dcfn 21 gid Kit qua, chu hfing Thuy di§n H u l phai thoa man nhiing nguydn vpng cia cong nhdn: VI vy tranh chflip trfin dfiy, Cfing vfin ed 334/LD/ANXH ngfiy 29-3-1955 gii Thanh tra Lao d$ng vfi An ninh Xfi h^i Vi$t Nam (Sfii Gdn), Thanh tra Lao d^ng vfi An ninh Xfi h^i Trung Vi§t cho bilt: "Trong vu ndy, cdc cdng nh&n dd t\t d^ng m^t cdch qud ddng Liin hi$p Nghidp (fodn Trung Vi^t xii due, da bdt chdp cd phdp ludt md tdng dinh cdng, bin chu nh&n dd phdn khdng kich li^t" (4) Cufii nfim 1955, cfing nhfin xe vdn tii cfing c^ng tuyfo H u l - Nong - Truli - Ciu Hai - Dfi NSng dinh cfing Do vi$c chinh quyin Ngfi Dinh Di§m tgi Thfla Thifin gfiy khd khdn vi^c v^n chuyin khfieb vd hfing hda, thyc eh£ft Id dl kilm sodt ehfit chfi hdn, nhim d l phdng cde xe chd tfii li$u, truyin ddn "bdt hpp phdp" Ngfiy 6-9-1965, dich kilm aolt vd phgt tiin chile xe v4n tai mang sd TVB,193 Dilu nfiy dd gdy bit man anh em cfing nhdn Hi xe vfi din din cu^c dinh cfing ngdy 9-11-1955 Ngfiy dd, tofin b$ xe v ^ tai, gdm 16 chile chay tuyln dfldng Hul' - Nong - Truli • Ciu Hai - Dd Ning kdo dl'n Try sd Nghidp dofin v ^ tai cdng c$ng dinh cfing phan ddi, Cu$c dinb cdng c i a cfing nhdn Hi xe H u l da biiu thi y t h i e dofin k i t cua hp cu$c diu tranh chd'ng chfnh quy&i Ngfi Dinh Di$m Theo Cfing vfin m|it ad 9661 CSCA/TBIM cia Gifim dfic Nha Canh alt vd C^ng an Qufic gia tgi Trung Vi$t gii Dgi biiu Chfnh p h i tgi Trung Vi^t vd Tdng Gifim d€c Canh sdt Qufic gia Vi$t Nam tgi Sfii Gdn ngdy 1711-1956 tbl "vii dinh cdng ndy c6 tinh cdch phd hogt mUu toan dung si!b mgnh cua ffodn thi di phdn ddi chinh quyin" (5), Ngfiy 10-11-1955, m^t phidn hpp tai Hu^ Khu trudng hda xa Trung Vi^t d l nghj "Thu nhdn nh&n viin dd bi dudi; TV "hi^n ngdn sdch thiiu hitt nin cdn nghiip dodn; Trd luang theo quy chi phdi sa thdi m^t phdn ba nhdn viin" (6) Khi luang tdi thiiu Chinh phu quy dinh; Trd bilt dflpc tin ndy, ngfiy 12-11-1955, lie 14 gid 30, tai Ga Hul' todn t h i dokn vidn Nghidp phu cdp gia dinh cho nh&n viin" (3) Phong Mio eOng nhfln vl mye Hau dodn cfing nhfin bda xa Vi§t Nam dia phfldng Hulf da td chic h0i nghi bfiit thudng H^i nghi vgch rd tfnh chfiit dpc quyin cua m$t nhdm ngfldi cd quyin hdnh dli vdi hoa xa, vl nhi2ng quy cbl loi thdi dang chi ph£ ngfinh hda xa Vi^t Nam; vl ddi sing khd kbfin cua cfing nhdn hda xa H^i ngh} kil'n ngh; gii chfnh quyin Ngd Dinh Di$m, "cub /(* phdn ddt Zdi ti^in bdndi trin cia dng IGtu trUdng hoa xa Thing Vi^" vfi '^iu cdu Chinh phi tim mgi biin phdp thich ing dicitu vdn tinh thi nguy ngdp cia sd hoa xa digi^ cdng nh&n ching tdi khdi phdi lo &u vi ddi sdng khdng dUac ddm bdo" (7) Ban kil'n ngh) cd tdi 101 chfl 1^ d Dfi Ning, ngdy 24-11-1965, cfing nhfin Thiy di^n dinh cfing ddi tdng lUdng, Di$n thdnh phfi'bi cip ngdy, 11 gid ngdy 26-11-1955, Ban Gidm die Thiy di|n Dd Ning chiu giai quylt tfing Ifldng 10% cho cdng nhfin, cu^c