TINH HIIVH RUONG DAT CUA H[irVE]\ DAI TlT, T i m i THAI I^GUYE]^ QUA TU LEEU DIA BA GIA LOIVG (1805) DAM THI U Y £ N ' HOANG XUAN TRl/dNG" Khai qudt v$ ciia huyfin Dai TU, tinh Thai Nguydn Dai Tfl lfi mdt huypn mien niii nlira d phia tay bfic cua tinh Thai Nguydn, Vi tri eua huyen dUdc sdch Dai Nam nhfi't thfi'ng chi ghi: Huyen Dgi Tii a cdch phu 60 dam vi phia nam, dong tdy cdch 80 dam, nam bac cdch 30 dam, phia ddng den dia gidi huyen Pho Yin 68 dam, phia tdy den dia gidi huyen Vdn Ldng 12 dam., phia nam din nui Tam Ddo thugc huyen Sdn Duang tinh Sdn Tdy 18 dam, phia bdc de'n dia gidi huyen Phu Luang 12 dgm (1) Trong tien trinh lich sii ddn tdc Dai Tfl da nhilu ldn thay doi ten gpi vd dia gidi hdnh chinh Thdi cac vua Hflng, ca nUdc dUdc chia thdnh 15 bp Khi dd Dai Tfl thudc bfi Vu Dinh Dfi'n ddi Dudng thupe dift chdu Vd Nga Dudi thdi Ly, Dpi Tfl thufic phu Phu LUdng, chdu Vu Lfic Den trilu Trdn, nfim Quang Thdi thfl 10 (1397), chdu Vu Lfic doi trd^n Thdi Nguyfin thufic phu Phu LUdng, huydn Dpi Tfl luc ndy thupc trdn Thai Nguyfin Thdi thufic Minh doi ldm chau Thai Nguyen gdm 11 huydn vfi ' PGS.TS Dai hpc SU pham Thai Nguyfin " Dai hoc Su ph^m Thdi Nguyen ten huy$n Dai Tfl ed chinh thfle tfl thdi thude Minh Den thdi Le nfim Quang Thufin thfl (1466), Lfi Thdnh Tfing ehia nfldc thdnh 12 dao, Dai Tfl thufic phu Phii Binh, dao Thai Nguyen Ba ndm sau (1469), nha Lfi ehia nUde ta thdnh 12 thfla tuyen Dai Tfl va nhflng ddn vi hfinh chinh khae cua phu Phii Binh thufic thfla tuydn Ninh Soc Nfim Hdng Dflc thfl 21 (1490), thfla tuyen Ninh Sdc dupc la'y ten cii gpi Id xfl Thai Nguyfin Xfl Thdi Nguyen thdi Hdng Dflc gom phu, huyfin, chau Huydn Dai Tfl thdi gian vin thufic phu phii Binh, xfl Thai Nguyfin Ndm Vinh Tri thfl (1677), chau: Thfldng Lang, Hp Lang, Thaeh Lfim, Quang Uyen (phia bfic thufic phu Cao Bfing) bi tach rifing dl Idp trdn Cao Bing Tr^n Thai Nguyfin chi cfin ph£n dd't cua phu: Phii Binh, Thfing Hod Huyfin Dpi Tfl thupc phii Phii Binh, trsfn Thai Nguyfin Trieu Nguyen, thdi vua Gia Long, huyfin Dai Tfl cd tong gdm 20 xa vdn thude tra'n Rghl6n curu tjch sJr atf 8.2012 Thdi Nguyfin Nflm Minh Mpng 12 (1831) trf(n Thai Nguydn dU0c dd'i thfinh tinh Thdi Nguydn Ddng thdi, d$t cdc chflc bfi" chfinh vd fin sat, dUdi quyin ciia td'ng dSc Ninh Thai Nfim thfl 16 (1835) Minh Mpng c^t chdu Dinh (Djnh Hda) vd huy^n Vfin Lang, Dpi Tfl, Phu LflOng khdi phu Phfl Binh dl Ifip thdm phii Tdng Hoa Huy^n Dpi Tfl vfi chfiu Vfin Lang (phia bflc Dpi Tfl hidn nay) thudc phii ndy Dudi thdi Ding Khdnh (1886-1889) theo Ddng Khdnh dU dia chi, huy^n Dpi Tfl cd td'ng vdi 28 xfi trang, phudng Thdi thupc Phdp tinh Thdi Nguyfin lpi hi chia eflt mpt ldn nfla Ngdy 14- 1* 1900, Ifi'y phdn dfi't thudc phu Thfing Hofi dl thfinh lap tinh mdi gpi lfi Bfic Kan gdm huyfin: Bach Thfing, Na Ri, Ngan Sdn, Chp Ddn Huydn Dai Tfl thupc dja phfin tinh Thai Nguyfin Ngfiy 1-8-1922, Dai Tfl vd Vfin Lang hdp lpi lfim mpt gpi Id huypn Dai Tfl, Ten gpi Dai Tfl ton tpi cho den ngfiy phd dtft dai, thfinh Igip bdn mudng Hp Id ngfldi dflng ddu mUdng vfi cd quy^n thd t^p Trdn eO ad phdt triin ciia ch^ d^ ru^ng dfft, cdc tfing Idp thdng trj gidnh vd ndm quyin phfin phfli rudng dfi't, dfin dfin hinh thdnh nhflng th6 tfl ldn b dja phUdng cdp huy§n Id m^t t h i tfl dja phUOng c6 thIf l^c ldn dupe trilu dinh phong ki^n phong lfi phidn thfin nhU trUdng hpp cua LUu Nhfin Chu theo gia pha ghi lai dng Binh mdt gia dinh ddi thl^ tflp ldm quan phifin trdn cl vflng Thai Nguyfin Dfi'n dfiu thdi Nguyen, theo sdch Dai Nam nhd't thdng chi thi huy§n Dpi Tfl 'phiin thdn hg Ma not ddi qudn tri, bdn triiu ddu ddi Gia Long vdn theo nhU thd' (3) NhU vdy, cho den thdi Gia Long, dflng dfiu huydn lfi phien thfin hp Ma Mflc du vdn theo chi'dd t h i quan, nhUng vua Gia Long da tien bd hdn cac trilu dpi trUdc Id t l chflc dilu tra Ifip s i dinh, si dien d$ quan li rupng dfi't vd B5 dinh cdc ldng xfi mot each chfit che Khi Minh Trong thdi ki vdn dfing cdch mpng thang Mdnh mdi Idn ngdi (1820), BU kilm sodt cua Tdm nfim 1945, Dai Tii cflng Dinh Hod vd chinh quyen trung Udng tdi vflng dfin tdc Sdn DUdng lfi trung tdm cua chien khu thieu sd' dUde tfing cUdng Ndm 1829, dng Nguyen Hup Nfim 1965, hai tinh Thdi bai bd 1$ thd ty th^ tdp b cdc trdn Bfic Nguyfin va Bfie Kpn hpp nhfi't ldm mpt tinh Thdnh nfii chung vd Dpi Tfl ndi rifing Id'y ten lfi tinh Bfic Thdi Huypn Dai Tfl "khdng cU thd ty, hdo muc, cU hgt thufic tinh Bfic Thdi Id ngUdi liSm, tdi ndng, cdn cdn vdn Ndm 1996, tpi ki hpp thfl II Qufic hdi duac ddn tin phuc thi chgn cvt tdu lin, khod IX (11-1996) Nhfi nudc quydt djnh khdng duac theo trUdc xUng Id tap qudn' tdch tinh Bdc Thdi thfinh hai tinh Bfic Kpn (4) Nfim Minh M^nh thfl 17 (1836), bfit vd Thai Nguyen Tfl dd ddn huypn Dai dfiu dfit chflc luu quan d Dpi Tfl Vdi vi^ thi^c hidn chfnh sfich "dfit lUu quan xen Ifin Tfl thudc tinh Thdi Nguyfin t h i quan dl rdng budc giii ^ n ldn nhau", Dai Tit Id huydn cd nhieu dan tpc anh Minh M^nh da ting cudng sU kilm Bodt em cung sinh sdng "ngUdi Kinh, ngUdi Thd ciia chinh quyin Trung Udng ddi vdi chinh d ldn nhau" (2) Trong Hch sii, t l chflc xa quyin dia phUdng, thu hpp quyin luc ciia hfii truyen thdiig b cdc dfin tfic Tdy - Nflng tho tfl dja phUdng Bfi mfiy chinh quyen ciia Id mudng (ldn hdn ban) Dflng dfiu cdc huy^n dUdc phdn c^p tfl huy^n den ting, mudng Id cdc tfl trUdng, thii linh Hp Id xa, trfi'n vd cuoi cung lfi ban nhflng ngfldi cd cdng ddu vific khai "flnh hhih niQng dfit eiia huyan Bni Tit c^p xa h0 thddng chflc sdc cd si;l thay doi tfl thdi Gia Long d^n thdi Minh Mpnh Thdi Gia Long dflng dfiu cfi'p xa vfin lfi xa trudng dfin tU hfiu Giiip vi^c cho xd trfldng cd cdc chflc sfic myc, khdn thii Nfim 1828, cai each ciia Minh Mdnh vl bd may quan ly ed'p xa Theo dd, ly trfldng thay cho xa trfldng, mdi xa chi cd ly trUdng va tfly theo quy mfi ldng xa nd'u sd dinh tfl 50 dfi'n 149 thi dfit thfim mfit phd ly, tren 150 thi dfit thfim phd ly Ly trudng vd phd 1;^ phai chpn sd'nhflng ngUdi "vdt luc cfin cdn", phai ddn ldng hfiu cii ra, dUdc phii huy$n xdt ki vd bdo len trdn de ed'p vdn b^ng, mpc tri^n Dudi xa Id ban, cac ddn tpc Dai Tfl thudng sdng thdnh cdc ldng ban, tfly theo die'u kiSn tU nhifin md sfi" dan cU cd the ddng hay thfla, tao thfinh ban nhd hay ldn Tinh chd't cua ldng ban eung c6 nhflng ndt rifing gifla tflng tdc ngfldi cung nhfl tflng khu vUc Tuy nhien, khfing phai Ifing ban cd sU tdch bidt hofin tofin vl tdc ngudi nhu la chi cd ngfldi Tfiy, hay chi cd ngfldi Nung ma cd sU hdn cU ciia cdc tde ngUdi Tdy, Nung, Kinh, Mdi ldng ban cd mot dia vUe cU tru rifing, cd pham vi dfi't dai canh tdc, da't rflng, khuc sfing, khe suoi rieng thufic quyin quan ly cua ban Moi ban ed trfldng ban; ngofii cdn cd ngUdi giup vific cho trfldng ban Id ngUdi cd uy tin dflng dfiu cac ddng hp Tinh hinh ruong dat Tren cd sd tho'ng kfi 22 ddn vj dja ba cd nifin dpi Gia Long (1805), dd cd 21 dja ba cua 21 xa: An Ninh, Cd' Lam, Du Chdu, Phuc Lam, An Thifim, An Thufin, An Da, Hflng Sdn, My Trang, Ky Phii, Phu Minh ThUdng, Ho^ng Nfing, Hoa Ky, La Binh, Phu Ndng, Tifin Hfii, Tien Sdn, Luc Ba, Phuc Khdnh, TrUdng DUdng thudc 29 tdng (An Ninh, An Thufin, Hflng Sdn, K^ Phu, Phu Minh ThUdng, Tidn Sdn, Trfldng Lang) ciia huy^n Dai Tfl vfi d$c bi^t lfi cd 01 dja bp thdng kd s6' ddt phifin thfin Rudng dd't ciia 20 xd vd rudng phifin thfin ciia huy^n Dai Tfl theo thd'ng kfi tU li^u dia bp cu thi nhu bang So' li^u tfl bang cho thd'y, phfin ldn rupng dd't ciia huyfin Ba Be deu lfi rudng tu Khdng ke rupng lUu hoang, sd tu dien thUc trflng lfi 2446.4.2.3 trfin td'ng sdrufing dfi't lfi 2916.7.8.0 Sd tho trach vifin tri, thfin tfl, phfit tu chid'm so' lUdng khfing ddng kl Cung gifi^ng nhu cdc huyen khac, tho trach, vien tri ciia Dai Tfl khfing chia cho tflng chii mfi ban xa ddng cfl Tdt ea cac xa b Dpi Tfl de^u c6 loai dd't nfiy vdi td'ng dipn tich 60.8.5.3 (ca thfle trflng vfi lUu hoang), miic binh quan la mau td'c/ Ixa Tuy nhien mfle dp sd hiiu cua tflng xfi la rd't khdc nhau, xa ed difin tich cao nha't la xa An Thifim (5.0.6.3), xa cd mflc thap nha't la xa Phue Khdnh (0.3.0.0), Dd't than tfl, phdt tu b vao thdi diem nflm 1805, tong sd cac xa thi cd xa cd lopi dfi't ndy vdi td'ng dien tich la mfiu 14 thudc td'c (chiem 0,2% tong dien tich dfi't dai ciia toan huyfin) Xa cd dien tieh eao nha't cung chi Id mfiu 12 thudc td'c (xa La Binh), xa thd'p nhfi't chi cd (Phuc Khanh) Dilu cd thi dUdc ly giai lfi trai qua nhilu nfim chie'n tranh, loan lac sinh boat vdn hoa tin ngUdng ciia cU dan da giam sut nhilu Thfim vdo dd nhd Nguyen chii trUdng Ifi'y Nho giao lam he tU tfldng chinh dd phfin nfio han chd' sU phdt trien ciia chfla ehiln Ngodi ra, chflng ta cung phai tha'y rflng Dpi Tfl lfi huyen mien nui vi t h i quy md cua cac dinh chfla b day nho hdn so vdi khu vUc dong bing Bfic Bd Bghltn cihi Lleh zi 8.8018 Bang 1: Th6'ng ke cAc loai ru^ng tit cua huytn Dal Til Dan Vf: Mdu.sdo.lhudc.litc (m.s.lh.l) SII Tin T(n x» tfch niOns "Son * T6ni difn Tbd Irf ch v i t a I r l Tif difn Thvrc Lira Thyc An Nmh 105,0-4 An CiiLam 133.1 14 33000 Ninh DuOiSu 66 1Z 644 11 T h i n m p W H r Tfavc Lm 0900 3600 100545 0400 99 7.14,3 0200 I4.t,0 10,9 12 PhacUm 13 112 AnThiSm 233 227 11 5,0 Thu^ An Thufin 2^36 134 288.7.13 4 90.0 An Da 91,K2fi 894 2,3,9-0 HiUig HUng Son 227 221 5,9,6-0 Mi Trang HD800 80 0 4,0,0 KfPhil 312 7,6 308 8.8,9 3,8,13.0 An Luu iriniB •Ml 0500 Son KrPhil Phil ' Mmh Pha Minh Thuong 60 4.1 220.0.0 1,0.0 67 65 1,4 2.0 0 HOBKI 1I338)( 108 8 4.5,0 Tiin La Binh l l 5t( 105 3300 3 12 Son Phd NOng 161,6,2,9 154 5.3 5.5 0476 Tifin H6i 37.3 346 2,7-0,0 TifinSon 36.2.4 33430 2,8-1,0 Hoing NAng 2B1,4 LucBa 306 6.5 3017 12 4,4,0 0.2,9,0 Tni&ng Phiic KhSnh 42-2-6.9 4t S 3-0 0.10,0 Lang Tnldng 106.7.8.6 103.2,8,6 3.3.00 DSt phien ihlln 94 3.8 9-7.2,2 16 29167 2446.4 403 0-9 58653 2.2 0 14 100% 83.88% 13 84% 2.00% 08% 2% 8.0 Ngudn: Tlufng U 21 dm ba Gia Long (1805) De hinh dung ro hdn ty Ip cac lopi rupng ndy tren tong so rudng dd't ciia huypn Dpi Tfl, chung tdi da tho'ng kfi so li^u b bang Tfl sd' li§u b cac bang 1, vd biiu d l cho tha'y: ThU nhd't, gfin nhu tofin bp di^n tfch dtft dai cua huydn Ba Bl ci niia dfiu thc( ky XIX Id tu diin chfl khdng cd rugng ddt cdng Ddy cung Id xu hUdng chung dien p h i bien ca nUdc luc bSfy gid Duy cd xa Trd Lu (Nam Djnh) Ifi hdi d$c bi^t vl d dfiy khfing cd sd hOu tU nhdn k^t cdu rupng ddt C6 tdi 93,6% di^n tich rudng Id cfing diln, cdn l^i 6,4% Id rupng tfn ngUdng (5) ThU hai, di^n tich rudng ddt lUu hoang khd ldn Trong ting sfi'2916.7.8.0 thi rupng d&t thi^c trUng Id 2510.8.7.1 (chi^m 86,08%), cdn phfin lUu hoang Id 406.9.0.9 (13,92%), dd phfin luu hoang chu ylii Tinh hinh rudng d a ciia huyan Eai Tfl B&ng 2: Ty le phdn bd' cac loai rudng dfi't cua huyfin Dai Tfl nfim Gia Long Dtm vi: M^u.sito.thu&c.idc (m.s.tlt.i) Loai ruonE da't - Thuc trimg + Tu di^n + Thd trach, vifin tri + T h ^ tit, phat tij difin th6 - Litu hoang + Tit diln + Th6 trach, vifin tri Tong cong Di«n Ifch Ti lfi (%) 2510.8.7.1 2446.4.2.3 58.6.5.3 14.5 405.9.0.9 403.7,0.9 2 0.0 86,08 83,88 2.00 0.2 13,92 13,84 0,08 2916.7.8.0 100 NguSn Thd'ng ki 21 dia bq Gia Long flSOS) Bliu dd 1: Tinh hinh sd huu rudng ddt d Dai Tir nfim 1805 Lmi hoang Thirc tnmg la dien (xem bang 2) Nfi'u so sanh vdi ty 16 so' rupng lUu hoang cua tinh ddng bling sdng Hdng la 21,75% (6) tW ty le lUu hoang cua huyfin Dai Tfl cd phfin nhd hdn So sanh vdi cac huyen khae tinh Thdi Nguyen thi didn tieh dat hoang ciia Dpi Tfl lai tMp hdn: b Phii Binh 18,49% (7), Phfi' Yen 21,45% (8) So vdi ty lfi lUu hoang ciia huypn Ba Bl Id 4,23% (9) thi sfi'ruSng lUu hoang eua Dai Tfl ldn hdn nhifi'u Tuy nhifin, dieu cfin nhdn manh b day lfi, dfi^t lUu hoang ehu yd'u Id rdi vao ba trUdng hdp la xa Co Lam (99.7.14.3/ 133.1.14.3 rupng dd't cua xa); xa Phu Minh Thfldng (220.0.0.0/ 281.4.1.2 rudng dd't cua xa) vd dfi't phien thfin (83.9.1.6/ 94.4.3.8) Ly giai dieu dd cd thi cd nhieu nguyen nhan khac nhau, song dieu de nhdn thd'y la hfiu qua ciia cdc cudc chid'n tranh kdo ddi, ngUdi ddn phai phieu tdn NhUng quan trpng Id anh hudng ciia dieu kipn tU nhien gdy khd khfin cho vide canh tdc san xudt Sach Dgi Nam nhdt thd'ng chi chdp vl hfiu ndi ddy: cdc huyen TU Ndng, Dong Hy, Phu Luang, Binh Xuyen lam chUdng nhe cdc huyin khdc thi nang md huyin Dg.i TU 22 Rghien cOru Ljch siir atf S.2012 Son) • m^t chfle sfic cua xd • vdi di§n tich sd hflu Id 69 mfiu sfio thUdc tdc Chii cd mflc sb hflu thd'p nhfit Id bfi Nguyin Thi Djnh vdi mflc scl hflu mfiu sdo Nhin chung scl hflu rudng dfi't cila cdc chii b thdi dilm ndy phi biln Id loai vfla vd nho Bang 3: Quy md sd hiifu rudng dtft dhuy^n DaiTfl(IK05) Sd hflu binh qudn Dlfn Ifch sc> hOu (m,i,lh.O S6chu Quy md so hOiu chii Dai Tfl Ifi 10 Tv It {%) Dltn Uch S