Consonant Sounds € lips together bottom lip teeth tongue teeth tongue on tooth ridge hard palate back of tongue on soft palate throat € VL€€VD VL€€VD VL€€VD VL€€VD VL€€VD VL€€VD VL stop p€€€b b € € t€€€d d € k€€€g g € fricative € f€€€v v Θ€€€ð ð s€€€z z ȓ€€€Ȣ Ȣ € h affricate € € € € ȷ€€€ȴ ȴ € € m € € nasal are produced by completely or partially stopping the breath can be voiceless (VL) or voiced (VD) often come in sound pairs A Vowel Sound is an OPEN sound, ie it is produced by not blocking the breath with the lips, teeth, or tongue is always voiced (VD), ie the vocal cords vibrate The word "vowel" came into English from the Latin vocalis meaning "voice." can form a syllable by itself: hell-o, aw-ful