HELP WITH KEY WORD TRANSFORMATIONS Each question contains three parts: a lead-in sentence, a key word, and a second sentence of which only the beginning and end are given You have to fill the gap in the second sentence so that the completed sentence is similar in meaning to the lead-in sentence The gap must be filled with between two and five words, one of which must be the key word The key word must not be changed in any way Key Word Transformations focus on grammar and vocabulary The ability to express a message in different ways shows flexibility and resource in the use of language The questions look like this: It was impossible for Pepito to become accustomed to living in England (used) Pepito couldn’t living in England Here they are testing the phrase get used to something, so they will expect the answer to be: Pepito couldn’t get used to living in England Here’s another example: Luis asked me to collect him from the airport (pick) Luis asked me _ from the airport This is testing a phrasal verb to pick up; Luis asked me to pick him up from the airport Hints  Ask yourself what they are testing in the question Are they testing vocabulary, maybe a phrasal verb? Is it an idiomatic expression? Are they testing grammar? If so, what grammar are they testing? Verb tense? Comparatives and superlatives? Reported speech? Gerunds and infinitives? Active and passive? Modal verbs?  If the verb tense in the first sentence is continuous, try to keep the second sentence continuous (if possible) If it’s a perfect tense, try to keep the second sentence perfect Keep the second sentence as similar to the first as possible Try to use the same words if you can For example, don’t change ‘John’ to ‘he’, or ‘Maria’ to ‘she’, unless you have to  You need to write between two and five words in the space and you must use the word given without changing it Contractions count as two words (e.g I’ve = I have) EXERCISES Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given Do not change the word given You must use between two and five words, including the word given VERB TENSES 1) We haven't seen each other for ages (last) It’s ages _ each other 2) The last time I went sailing was last month (gone) I _ a month (For more on Verb Tenses refer to page 163/4/5/6/7 in your FCE Result – Student’s Book and to Units 110 in your Macmillan English Grammar in Context) VERB PATTERNS: GERUND OR INFINITIVE? 3) He didn’t want to take the books back to the library (feel) He _ the books back to the library 4) Do you think you will pass the exam? (expect) Do you _ the exam? 5) That overcoat costs too much for me to buy (afford) I _ that overcoat (For more on Verb Patterns refer to page 167 in your FCE Result – Student’s Book) PHRASAL VERBS 6) We discussed the problem but nobody had a solution (came) We discussed the problem but _ a solution 7) The manager had the respect of everyone in the office (up) Everyone in the office _ the manager 8) Do you have a good relationship with your neighbours? (well) Do you _ your neighbours? LINKERS 9) You should take a towel because you may want to go swimming (in) Take a towel _ go swimming 10) Although he is already at university he is still very childish (despite) He is very childish _ university 11) During the walk home from work, my dad always makes phone calls (as) My dad always makes phone calls _ from work IDIOMS 12) Stubborn people often find it difficult to apologise for their mistakes (sorry) Stubborn people often find it difficult _ their mistakes 13) Will you promise that you won’t tell anybody? (word) Will you _ that you won’t tell anybody? 14) In all probability he will arrive late for class (bound) He _ arrive late for class 15) My views on this subject are exactly the same as yours (difference) There _ my views on this subject and yours 16) Jack found it difficult to control his skis on the steep slope (control) Jack found it difficult to _ on the steep slope ITEMS SEEN IN UNITS 1-3 Complete the second sentence so that it has similar meaning to the first sentence Use the word given and other words to complete each sentence You must use between two and five words.You cannot change the word given 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Newspapers informed the population that bird-hunting had been banned (know) Newspapers that bird-hunting had been banned The last time I saw Anne was on Thursday (not) I Thursday Kate liked books very much when she was a kid and she still enjoys reading them (enjoyed) Kate she was a child John and Mary’s wedding happened last year (married) Mary one year I can’t stand people trying to be funny all the time (up) I trying to be funny all the time Although she made me experience very bad moments, I still love her (through) Although very bad moments, I still love her Many teenagers cannot resist the temptation of Internet chat rooms (hooked) Many teenagers Internet chat rooms People who smoke are in danger of developing serious health problems (risk) People who smoke developing serious health problems Scientists are investigating how laughter affects our health (into) Scientists the effects of laughter on our health Before arriving home, he went to the bakery (already) When he arrived home, the bakery Of course I didn’t want to break your Chinese vase! (mean) Of course I did break your Chinese vase! High-tech gadgets are terribly addictive (get) People high-tech equipment very easily Although they were lazy, they passed the test (spite) They passed the test lazy If we don’t get to the station in five minutes, we’ll miss the train (unless) We will miss the train to the station in five minutes The recent protest not affect the way the majority of people think (effect) The recent protest _the way the majority of people think As soon as he realised there was a fire, he extinguished it (out) As soon as he realised there was a fire, Watching bloody films makes me want to stop eating (off) Watching bloody films eating Only those who have run in this marathon understand how hard it is (part) Only those who have this marathon understand how hard it is It is impossible to contact Peter when he is not at home (touch) Trying to Peter is impossible when he is not at home Two of his brothers agreed to help us with the preparations (hand) Two of his brothers agreed to with the preparations If you consider that he only started the course last week, he is doing well (account) If you that he only started the course last week, he is doing well He told me that he had decided to abandon the course (know) He that he had decided to abandon the course 23 Stubborn people often find it difficult to apologise for their mistakes (sorry) Stubborn people often find it difficult to their mistakes 24 Katy has argued with her boyfriend again (row) Katy has her boyfriend again 25 He’s got so many relatives that sometimes he forgets their names (track) He’s got so many relatives that sometimes he _ their names 26 At the age of one, a baby is just starting to understand the world around him (sense) At the age of one, a baby is just starting to _ the world around him 27 Illegal safaris are the cause of the extinction of some rare species (part) 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 Illegal safaris the extinction of some rare species Joe tends to feel superior to people who don’t earn as much money as he does (down) Joe tends to _ people who don’t earn as much money as he does Richard gives the impression of being quite arrogant (across) Richard being quite arrogant I thought his remark was terribly unfair and offended me (belt) His remark , I thought I haven't heard anything from Mark for ages (touch) I haven't Mark for ages You should not laugh at other people’s problems.(fun) You should other people’s problems These new shoes cost her a fortune (nose) She for these new shoes Carl was very unfriendly to Tanya this morning (shoulder) Carl this morning He was very uncomfortable when he heard his mother’s voice (teeth) His mother’s voice Rachel sold the car without her father’s knowledge (back) Rachel sold the car He was raised by his grandparents (up) He by his grandparents I promise you that it won't happen again (word) I that it won't happen again I started to learn Chinese over a year ago (learning) I over a year The thieves got away before the police arrived (already) By the time the police arrived, the thieves away If Rose doesn’t change, there’s a possibility her boyfriend might leave her (risks) Rose boyfriend if she doesn’t change One of my friends became a famous singer after school (went) After school, one of my friends a famous singer So that you don’t get wet, take an umbrella with you (order) Take an umbrella with you get wet An aspirin might cure your headache (try) If you’ve got a headache, aspirin When I first saw her I thought she was Japanese (sight) I thought she was Japanese We played tennis despite the cold weather (even) We played tennis cold Could you look after my cat while I’m on holiday? (care) Would you mind my cat while I’m on holiday? I haven’t smoked for three years (gave) I three years ago Do you think you will pass the exam? (expect) Do you the exam? He really doesn’t want to spend the holiday at home (face) He the holiday at home KEY Verb Tenses 1) since we last saw 2) have not gone sailing for Linkers 1) with you in case you 2) despite already going to 3) as he walks home Verb Patterns 1) did not feel like taking 2) expect to pass 3) cannot afford to buy Idioms 1) to say sorry for 2) is bound to 3) is no difference between 4) bring / keep his skis under control Phrasal Verbs 1) came up with 2) looked up to 3) get on well with ITEMS SEEN IN UNITS 1-3 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) 10) 11) 12) 13) 14) 15) 16) 17) 18) 19) 20) 21) 22) 23) 24) 25) 26) 27) 28) 29) 30) 31) 32) 33) 34) 35) 36) 37) 38) 39) 40) 41) 42) 43) 44) 45) 46) 47) 48) 49) 50) Newspapers let the population know that bird-hunting had been banned I have not seen Anne since Thursday Kate has enjoyed reading since she was a child Mary has been married to John for one year I can’t put up with people trying to be funny all the time Although she put me through very bad moments, I still love her Many teenagers are hooked on Internet chat rooms People who smoke are at risk of developing serious health problems Scientists are looking into the effects of laughter on our health When he arrived home, he had already been to the bakery Of course I did not mean to break your Chinese vase! People get addicted to high-tech equipment very easily They passed the test in spite of being lazy We will miss the train unless we get to the station in five minutes The recent protest have no effect on the way the majority of people think As soon as he realised there was a fire, he put it out Watching bloody films puts me off eating Only those who have taken part in this marathon understand how hard it is Trying to get in touch with Peter is impossible when he is not at home Two of his brothers agreed to give us a hand with the preparations If you take into accountthat he only started the course last week, he is doing well He let me know that he had decided to abandon the course Stubborn people often find it difficult to say sorry for their mistakes Katy has had a row with her boyfriend again He’s got so many relatives that sometimes he loses track of their names At the age of one, a baby is just starting to make sense of the world around him Illegal safaris play a part in the extinction of some rare species Joe tends to look down on people who don’t earn as much money as he does Richard comes across as being quite arrogant His remark was beyond the belt, I thought I haven't been in touch withMark for ages You should make fun of other people’s problems She paid through the nose for these new shoes Carl gave Tanya a cold shoulder this morning His mother’s voice set his teeth on edge Rachel sold the car behind her father’s back He was brought up by his grandparents I give you my word that it won't happen again I have been learning Chinese for over a year By the time the police arrived, the thieves had already got away Rose risks losing her boyfriend if she doesn’t change After school, one of my friends went on to become a famous singer Take an umbrella with you in order not to get wet If you’ve got a headache, try taking an aspirin At first sight I thought she was Japanese We played tennis even though the weather wascold Would you mind taking care ofmy cat while I’m on holiday? I gave up smokingthree years ago Do you expect to passthe exam? He can’t face spendingthe holiday at home