PRESENT PERFECT HAVE/ HAS +V PP Result Express what has happened so far (whathow much-how often)  I have written letters Emphasize on completion (emphasize the completion of an action)  I have done my homework (my homework =completed) Desired result (a completed action led to a desired result)  I have washed the car (the car =clean) Since the last Time  I haven`t played that gone for years Permanent  She`s lived in Bolivia for years (she is a permanent resident) PRESENT PERRFECT CONTINIUS HAVE / HAS + BEEN +V ing Duration Express how long the action has been going on (how / ing)  I`ve been writing for an hour Emphasize on duration (how has somebody spent his time)  I `ve been doing my homework (This is how I spent my time whether my homework is done or not is not important) Unwanted side effect (the action had an unwanted side effect)  I`ve been washing the car (tired because I`ve washing Cat=clean? Don´t know) Since the beginning  I`ve been playing for 10 minutes Temporary  She`s been living here for a year (the situation is only temporary)