www.it-ebooks.info www.it-ebooks.info Software Networks www.it-ebooks.info www.it-ebooks.info Advanced Networks Set coordinated by Guy Pujolle Volume Software Networks Virtualization, SDN, 5G and Security Guy Pujolle www.it-ebooks.info First published 2015 in Great Britain and the United States by ISTE Ltd and John Wiley & Sons, Inc Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, this publication may only be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form or by any means, with the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms and licenses issued by the CLA Enquiries concerning reproduction outside these terms should be sent to the publishers at the undermentioned address: ISTE Ltd 27-37 St George’s Road London SW19 4EU UK John Wiley & Sons, Inc 111 River Street Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA www.iste.co.uk www.wiley.com © ISTE Ltd 2015 The rights of Guy Pujolle to be identified as the author of this work have been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 Library of Congress Control Number: 2015942608 British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A CIP record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 978-1-84821-694-5 www.it-ebooks.info Contents INTRODUCTION ix CHAPTER VIRTUALIZATION 1.1 Software networks 1.2 Hypervisors 1.3 Virtual devices 1.4 Conclusion 11 12 CHAPTER SDN (SOFTWARE-DEFINED NETWORKING) 15 2.1.The objective 2.2 The ONF architecture 2.3 NFV (Network Functions Virtualization) 2.4 OPNFV 2.5 Southbound interface 2.6 The controller 2.7 Northbound interface 2.8 Application layer 2.9 Urbanization 2.10 The NSX architecture 2.11 CISCO ACI (Application Centric Infrastructure) 2.12 OpenContrail and Juniper 2.13 Brocade 2.14 Alcatel Lucent’s SDN architecture 2.15 Conclusion www.it-ebooks.info 16 19 25 27 28 29 31 32 33 36 40 42 43 44 45 vi Software Networks CHAPTER SMART EDGES 3.1 Placement of the controller 3.2 Virtual access points 3.3 Software LANs 3.4 Automation of the implementation of software networks 3.5 Intelligence in networks 3.6 Management of a complex environment 3.7 Multi-agent systems 3.8 Reactive agent systems 3.9 Active networks 3.10 Programmable networks 3.11 Autonomous networks 3.12 Autonomic networks 3.13 Situated view 3.14 Conclusion 49 49 55 58 60 61 62 65 70 72 74 74 75 77 79 CHAPTER NEW-GENERATION PROTOCOLS 81 4.1 OpenFlow 4.2 VXLAN 4.3 NVGRE (Network Virtualization using Generic Routing Encapsulation) 4.4 MEF Ethernet 4.5 Carrier-Grade Ethernet 4.6 TRILL (Transparent Interconnection of a Lot of Links) 4.7 LISP (Locator/Identifier Separation Protocols) 4.8 Conclusion 83 90 91 92 93 97 99 100 CHAPTER MOBILE CLOUD NETWORKING AND MOBILITY CONTROL 103 5.1 Mobile Cloud Networking 5.2 Mobile Clouds 5.3 Mobility control 5.4 Mobility protocols 5.5 Mobility control 5.5.1 IP Mobile 5.5.2 Solutions for micromobility 5.6 Multihoming 5.7 Network-level multihoming www.it-ebooks.info 103 108 110 115 116 116 117 119 121 Contents 5.7.1 HIP (Host Identity Protocol) 5.7.2 SHIM6 (Level Multihoming Shim Protocol for IPv6) 5.7.3 mCoA (Multiple Care-of-Addresses) in Mobile IPv6 5.8 Transport-level multihoming 5.8.1 SCTP (Stream Control Transmission Protocol) 5.8.2 CMT (Concurrent Multipath Transfer) 5.8.3 MPTCP (Multipath TCP) 5.9 Conclusion vii 122 124 125 127 127 132 135 135 CHAPTER WI-FI AND 5G 137 6.1 3GPP and IEEE 6.2 New-generation Wi-Fi 6.3 IEEE 802.11ac 6.4 IEEE 802.11ad 6.5 IEEE 802.11af 6.6 IEEE 802.11ah 6.7 Small cells 6.8 Femtocells 6.9 Hotspots 6.10 Microcells 6.11 Wi-Fi Passpoint 6.12 Backhaul networks 6.13 Software radio and radio virtual machine 6.14 5G 6.15 C-RAN 6.16 The Internet of Things 6.17 Sensor networks 6.18 RFID 6.19 EPCglobal 6.20 Security of RFID 6.21 Mifare 6.22 NFC (Near-Field Comunication) 6.23 Mobile keys 6.24 NFC contactless payment 6.25 HIP (Host Identity Protocol) 6.26 The Internet of Things in the medical domain 6.27 The Internet of Things in the home 6.28 Conclusion www.it-ebooks.info 138 139 140 142 143 145 147 148 151 153 153 158 160 162 168 171 172 174 177 178 179 180 181 182 184 184 186 187 viii Software Networks CHAPTER SECURITY 7.1 Secure element 7.2 Virtual secure elements 7.3 The TEE (Trusted Execution Environment) 7.4 TSM 7.5 Solution without a TSM 7.6 HCE 7.7 Securing solutions 7.8 Conclusion CHAPTER CONCRETIZATION AND MORPHWARE NETWORKS 8.1 Accelerators 8.2 A reconfigurable microprocessor 8.3 Morphware networks 8.4 Conclusion 191 195 197 199 203 204 205 212 213 214 215 220 223 CONCLUSION 225 BIBLIOGRAPHY 229 INDEX 231 www.it-ebooks.info 189 224 Software Networks have been put forward, including the creation of a software network every time a connection request is made Whilst such networks cannot be implemented on a true scale today, there is no reason to think that the same will be true in a few years’ time Hence, rapid reconfigurable processors would represent an excellent solution www.it-ebooks.info Conclusion The networks of the future will be completely virtualized in physical infrastructures – essentially datacenters of varying sizes Very small datacenters will be located on the periphery of the network, near to the user This physical infrastructure will be used to support software networks that are tailored to the clients’ needs and to those of the applications for which they were generated The agility of these networks is the main differencewith previous-generation networks: it is possible to replace a network in a few minutes, or even a few seconds, and by using automation, in a few milliseconds However, it is important to note the difficulties that could arise from this new generation of networks: the complexity of managing the different networks and the security of the whole system Indeed, for reasons of isolation, management cannot be shared, for fear that one network will be intermingled with another Security is also a major issue, because of the increased complexity of the architecture and the diversity of the networks The Cloud of security is a promising new paradigm, but it does not solve all the problems Overall, this new generation of technologies is based on the Cloud, and on virtualization, as is indicated by Figure C.1, which also shows the overlap with migration, NFV and Cloud of security Software Networks: Virtualization, SDN, 5G and Security, First Edition Guy Pujolle © ISTE Ltd 2015 Published by ISTE Ltd and John Wiley & Sons, Inc www.it-ebooks.info 22 26 Software Networks N F Figure C.1 Th he fundamenta al elements off new generati tion networks ((NGNs) The NFV standard attaches a greeat deal of hope to thee major sim mplification which is offered by virtual maachines Thee Open Pllatform for NFV (OPN NFV)project represents another proomising avvenue The OPNFV O soluttion would be b Carrier-Grrade, integratted, and shhould give riise to an opeen-source pllatform deveeloped by the Linux Fooundation dvance would be concrretization – i.e the Another siignificant ad oppposite of virtualization Indeed, wiith software networks, we w tend m more to see a drop in performancce in comp parison to pphysical neetworks, eveen though th he power off Clouds lim mits that redduction Coompanies su uch as Radissys and Inteel are beginn ning to expllore the opption of hard dware that beehaves like so oftware 5G is also greatly g affeccted by virtuaalization, wh hich offers nuumerous fuunctions that are indispen nsable for a simple connection of billlions of thhings Virtuallization is ev ven responsib ble for massive revolution ns, such ass the use of C-RAN C tech hniques, whicchis spreadin ng across thee globe Am mongst thesse revolution ns, a local lo oop could become b veryy simple inndeed, with a potentialreturn to thee use of anaalog signals, which would be traansported dirrectly to th he Cloud an nd computed d there Ceertainly, it iss true that faar more information can be conveyeed by an annalog signal than t a digital one www.it-ebooks.info Conclusion 227 Finally, there is a new paradigm in the area of security, with a certain virtualization of secure elements, but this is more a question of delocalization of the secure element than of actual virtualization in the truest sense of the word www.it-ebooks.info www.it-ebooks.info Bibliography [AVR 14] AVRAMOV L., PORTOLANI M., The Policy Driven Data Center with ACI: Architecture, Concepts, and Methodology, CISCO Press, 2014 [AZO 13] AZODOLMOLKY S., Software Defined Networking with OpenFlow, Packt Publishing, 2013 [GEN 14] GENG H., Data Center Handbook, Wiley, 2014 [GOR 14] GORANSSON P., BLACK C., Software Defined Networks: A Comprehensive Approach, Morgan Kaufmann, 2014 [HOO 14] HOODA S.K., KAPADIA S., Using TRILL, FabricPath, and VXLAN: Designing Massively Scalable Data Centers (MSDC) with Overlays, CISCO Press, 2014 [HU 14] HU F., Network Innovation through OpenFlow and SDN: Principles and Design, CRC Press, 2014 [LOW 13] LOWE S., MARSHALL N., GUTHRIE F et al., Mastering VMware vSphere 5.5, SYBEX, 2013 [MAD 14] MADISETTI V., BAHGA A., Internet of Things (A Hands-onApproach), VPT publisher, 2014 [MIR 14] MIR N F., Computer and Communication Networks, Prentice Hall, 2014 [MOR 14] MORREALE P.A., ANDERSON J.M., Software Defined Networking: Design and Deployment, CRC Press, 2014 [NAD 13] NADEAU T.D., GRAY K., SDN: Software Defined Networks, O’Reilly, 2013 Software Networks: Virtualization, SDN, 5G and Security, First Edition Guy Pujolle © ISTE Ltd 2015 Published by ISTE Ltd and John Wiley & Sons, Inc www.it-ebooks.info 230 Software Networks [RHO 14] RHOTON J., DE CLERCQ J., NOVAK F., OpenStack Cloud Computing: Architecture Guide, RP publisher, 2014 [SAB 13] SABOOWALA H., ABID M., MODALI S., Designing Networks and Services for the Cloud: Delivering business-grade cloud applications and services, CISCO Press, 2013 [SHU 13] SHUKLA V., Introduction to Software Defined Networking OpenFlow & VxLAN, Createspace, 2013 [WEN 14] WEN H., TIWARY P.K., LE-NGOC T., Wireless Virtualization, Springer, 2013 [YEL 14] YELURI R., CASTRO-LEON E., Building the Infrastructure for Cloud Security: A Solutions View, Apress Open, 2014 www.it-ebooks.info Index intelligence, 19, 49, 50, 56, 61– 64, 80 IP Mobile, 116, 117 Care-of-Address, 117, 118, 120, 121, 125 tunneling, 117 IPv4, 6, 58, 97, 116–122 IPv6, 6, 58, 87, 97, 99, 100, 116–127, 172, 173 B, C, F BGP, 28, 46, 120 Cellular IP, 119 concurrent multipath transfer (CMT), 130–135 Fast MIPv6 (FMIPv6), 119 H handover, 6, 32, 52, 115, 117, 119, 121, 158, 170 handoff-aware wireless access internet infrastructure (HAWAII), 119 host identity protocol (HIP), 99, 120–124, 184 Hierarchical MIPv6 (HMIPv6), 118 I intra-domain mobility management protocol (IDMP), 118 IETF, 28, 82, 91, 92, 97, 117, 120, 127, 135, 167, 173, 174, 184 L, M Level Multihoming Shim Protocol for IPv6 (SHIM6), 99, 120, 121, 124, 125 locator/identifier separation protocol (LISP), 82, 99, 100 Load Sharing SCTP (LS-SCTP), 130–132 macromobility, 116 mCoA, 120, 121, 125–127 micromobility, 116, 117–119 Mobile IPv6 (MIP6), 116, 120, 125–127 mCoA, 120, 121, 125–127 multipath TCP (MPTCP), 127, 135 Software Networks: Virtualization, SDN, 5G and Security, First Edition Guy Pujolle © ISTE Ltd 2015 Published by ISTE Ltd and John Wiley & Sons, Inc www.it-ebooks.info 232 Software Networks multihoming, 116, 119–122, 124– 125, 127, 129, 132, 135, 184 SCTP, 120, 127–134 multistreaming, 129 stream control transmission protocol (SCTP), 120, 127–132 TCP multipath TCP, 120, 127, 135 N, S, T network mobile, 12, 56, 103, 117, 138, 139, 183 www.it-ebooks.info Other titles from in Networks and Telecommunications 2015 BENSLAMA Malek, KIAMOUCHE Wassila, BATATIA Hadj Connections Management Strategies in Satellite Cellular Networks BENSLAMA Malek, BATATIA Hadj, BOUCENNA Mohamed Lamine Ad Hoc Networks Telecommunications and Game Theory 2014 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