‘‘Non-violence in the Civil Rights struggle has meant not relying on arms and weapons It has meant non-cooperation with customs and laws which are institutional aspects of a regime of discrimination and enslavement’’, said Martin Luther King in his 1965 speech He added saying‘‘ Non-violence has also meant we not want to instil fear to others or into the society of which we are part it has meant that we don’t seek to win victory over anyone We seek to liberate our society and share in the self-liberation of all the people’’ Sure that violence often brings momentary results Nations have frequently won their independence in battle But in spite of temporary victories , violence never brings permanent peace It solves no social problems : it merely creates new and more complicated ones ‘‘violence is immoral,’’ he said ‘‘It destroys community and makes brotherhood impossible.’’ According to Martin Luther King, practising non-violence shows that we have reached a superior level, that we have escaped the blind fear that arouses panic and violence Non-violence, for him, requires courage and self-denial Martin Luther King exposes how useless and harmful violence is It is impratical and immoral because it develops hatred and ends in destruction for all He pointed out that violence has come to be taken for granted as a means of solving problems There ensue looting, pillaging, killing and setting fire everywhere They might feel happy and victorious But this violence engenders violence and it will never bring permanent peace He also declared that we have to exchange ideas and opinions in peaceful dialogues We have to set an atmosphere of understanding and tolerance, an atmosphere of brotherhood and love Reading comprehension 1- Are there any direct quotations in the text ?If so, how many ? 2- What the underlined words refer to ? ( pt ) which §1 their §2 it §2 him §3 3- Here are anwers to some questions in the text Write the questions ( 1,5 pt ) a- momentary results §2 b- happy and victorious §4 c- exchange ideas and opinions §4 4-complete the table with four words related to violence and four to non-violence (1pt) Violence Non-violence 5- Find in the text words that are closest in meaning to : ( 0,75 pt ) damages §2 arrived at §3 cure §4 6- Find words that are opposite in meaning to : ( 0,75 pt ) necessary §3 love §3 temporary §4 7- Answer the following questions according to the text : ( 1,5 pt ) a- Did Martin Luther King believe in non-violence to get one’s rights ? b- Why is violence useless and harmful ? c- What should we to live in harmony with others ? Mastery of language : ( pts ) 1-Supply capitals and punctuation where necessary : (1pt) racial prejudice is perhaps the strongest prejudice to be felt in the world many examples of discrimination racial riots and racial tension may be found in america britain and in france as well 2- Copy the odd one outon your anwer sheet : (0,25pt) - victory -struggle - fight -battle 3-Which adjectives can be derived from these nouns ? (1pt) a- victory b- violence c- democracy d- destruction 4- Divide these words into roots and affixes : (1pt) a- independence b- impractical 5- Complete sentence (b) so that it means the same as (a) : (1,5pt) a-‘‘We don’t seek to win victory over anyone.We seek to liberate our society,’’King said b-King said …………………………………… a-Violence doesn’t preserve brotherhood.Violence doesn’t bring peace b- Violence……………………… a- Violence destroys both community and brotherhood b- Both community……………………… 6- Reorder the following to get a coherent sentence : (1pt) maintenance -and -Organisation -the -security -objective - is -Nations -the -internal -of -United -primary -the -of -peace 7- Classify the following words according to the pronunciation of their final ‘s’ (1,25pt) -victories -results -exposes -reaches -customs /s/ /z/ / iz / Written expression : (6 pts ) Choose one of the following topics : -Topic one : using the following ideas, write a compositon on violence in the world and suggest solutions -violence every where : in the family, neighbourhood, community -civil wars and wars between countries -riots, crimes, racial discrimination -solution : justice, tolerance, dialogue, unity… -Topic two : Is non-violence more efficient at solving racial and social problems than violence ? Give your arguments