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1. WHO : thay thế cho người và làm chức năng chủ ngữ hay tân ngữ. Ex : The people are very nice. They live next door to me. The people who live next to me are very nice. 2. WHOM : thay thế cho người và làm chức năng tân ngữ. Ex : The girl is my sister. You met her yesterday. The girl (whom who) you met yesterday is my sister. 3. WHICH : thay thế cho vật và làm chức năng chủ ngữ hay tân ngữ. Ex : The plane left on time. It flew to the Gold Coast. The plane which flew to the Gold Coast left on time. 4. WHOSE + NOUN : chỉ về sở hữu, có thể thay cho người và vật; và làm chủ ngữ hay tân ngữ. Ex : The girl is my friend. Her father is a doctor. The girl whose father is a doctor is my friend. Riêng thay cho vật : WHOSE + NOUN = The noun of which 5. THAT : có thể thay thế cho WHO, WHOM, WHICH RELATIVE ADVERBS (Trạng từ quan hệ) 1. WHEN = ON AT IN WHICH : chỉ về time. Ex : Do you remember the day ? We first met on that day. Do you remember the day when we first met ? 2. WHERE = ON AT IN WHICH : chỉ về nơi chốn. Ex : Opposite my house there is a nice park. There are some beautiful trees in this park. Opposite my house there is a nice park, where there are some beautiful trees. 3. WHY = FOR WHICH : chỉ về lí do. Ex : Please show me the reason. You are so sad for this reason. Please show me the reason why you are so sad. RELATIVE CLAUSES (Mệnh đề quan hệ) I. Restrictive Relative Clauses : (Mệnh đề quan hệ giới hạn) Là mệnh đề mà tiền ngữ đứng trước đại từ hay trạng từ quan hệ không rõ nghĩa. Ex : The girl (whom) you met yesterday is my sister. Notes : 1. Khi đại từ quan hệ WHO, WHOM, WHICH thay thế cho tân ngữ mà nằm trong mệnh đề quan hệ giới hạn có thể bỏ đi, nhưng nếu trước nó có giới từ thì không được bỏ đi. 2. THAT có thể thay cho WHO, WHOM, WHICH khi nằm trong mệnh đề quan hệ giới hạn. II. Non Restrictive Relative Clauses : (Mệnh đề quan hệ không giới hạn) Là mệnh đề mà tiền ngữ đứng trước đại từ hay trạng từ quan hệ đã rõ nghĩa. Ex : That girl, whom you met yesterday, is my sister. Notes : 1. Một tiền ngữ được coi là rõ nghĩa nếu + Nó là danh từ riêng : Mai, Tom + Trước danh từ có tính từ sở hữu : my, her, …; hay tính từ chỉ thị : this, that, these, those NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH TÓM LƯỢC – BÀI 18 MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ RELATIVE CLAUSES KHÓA LUYỆN THI TOEIC – Cô VŨ MAI PHƯƠNG http:moon.vn hotline: 04.32.99.98.98 2. Nếu là mệnh đề quan hệ không giới hạn phải có dấu phẩy (comma) + Ta dùng 1 dấu phẩy nếu mệnh đề quan hệ nằm sau mệnh đề chính. + Ta dùng 2 dấu phẩy nếu mệnh đề quan hệ nằm giữa mệnh đề chính. 3. Đại từ quan hệ WHO, WHOM, WHICH khi thay cho tân ngữ mà nằm trong mệnh đề quan hệ không giới hạn không được bỏ đi. 4. WHICH thay cho toàn bộ mệnh đề đầu, thì cũng có đấu phẩy. Ex : He said he had no money. This was not true. He said he had no money, which was not true. 5. THAT không được dùng trong mệnh đề quan hệ không giới hạn. EXECISES
KHÓA LUYỆN THI TOEIC – Cô VŨ MAI PHƯƠNG NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH TÓM LƯỢC – BÀI 18 MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ - RELATIVE CLAUSES WHO : thay cho người làm chức chủ ngữ hay tân ngữ Ex : The people are very nice They live next door to me The people who live next to me are very nice WHOM : thay cho người làm chức tân ngữ Ex : The girl is my sister You met her yesterday The girl (whom/ who) you met yesterday is my sister WHICH : thay cho vật làm chức chủ ngữ hay tân ngữ Ex : The plane left on time It flew to the Gold Coast The plane which flew to the Gold Coast left on time WHOSE + NOUN : sở hữu, thay cho người vật; làm chủ ngữ hay tân ngữ Ex : The girl is my friend Her father is a doctor The girl whose father is a doctor is my friend * Riêng thay cho vật : WHOSE + NOUN = The noun of which THAT : thay cho WHO, WHOM, WHICH RELATIVE ADVERBS (Trạng từ quan hệ) WHEN = ON/ AT/ IN WHICH : time Ex : Do you remember the day ? We first met on that day Do you remember the day when we first met ? WHERE = ON/ AT/ IN WHICH : nơi chốn Ex : Opposite my house there is a nice park There are some beautiful trees in this park Opposite my house there is a nice park, where there are some beautiful trees WHY = FOR WHICH : lí Ex : Please show me the reason You are so sad for this reason Please show me the reason why you are so sad RELATIVE CLAUSES (Mệnh đề quan hệ) I Restrictive Relative Clauses : (Mệnh đề quan hệ giới hạn) Là mệnh đề mà tiền ngữ đứng trước đại từ hay trạng từ quan hệ không rõ nghĩa Ex : The girl (whom) you met yesterday is my sister * Notes : Khi đại từ quan hệ WHO, WHOM, WHICH thay cho tân ngữ mà nằm mệnh đề quan hệ giới hạn bỏ đi, trước có giới từ không bỏ THAT thay cho WHO, WHOM, WHICH nằm mệnh đề quan hệ giới hạn II Non - Restrictive Relative Clauses : (Mệnh đề quan hệ không giới hạn) Là mệnh đề mà tiền ngữ đứng trước đại từ hay trạng từ quan hệ rõ nghĩa Ex : That girl, whom you met yesterday, is my sister * Notes : Một tiền ngữ coi rõ nghĩa + Nó danh từ riêng : Mai, Tom + Trước danh từ có tính từ sở hữu : my, her, …; hay tính từ thị : this, that, these, those http://moon.vn - hotline: 04.32.99.98.98 KHÓA LUYỆN THI TOEIC – Cô VŨ MAI PHƯƠNG Nếu mệnh đề quan hệ không giới hạn phải có dấu phẩy (comma) + Ta dùng dấu phẩy mệnh đề quan hệ nằm sau mệnh đề + Ta dùng dấu phẩy mệnh đề quan hệ nằm mệnh đề Đại từ quan hệ WHO, WHOM, WHICH thay cho tân ngữ mà nằm mệnh đề quan hệ không giới hạn không bỏ WHICH thay cho toàn mệnh đề đầu, có đấu phẩy Ex : He said he had no money This was not true He said he had no money, which was not true THAT không dùng mệnh đề quan hệ không giới hạn EXECISES Choose the best answer: I gave her all the money …… I had A which B that C D All are correct The chair …… I was sitting on wasn’t very comfortable A that B where C when D whom A friend of mine, …… father is the manager of a company, helps me to get a job A who B which C whose D whom The ladder …… I was standing began to slip A which B in which C at which D on which He showed us the house…………….he was born A which B in which C in where D in that His latest book, ……, is about his adventure in Canada A which published last week C which was published last week B that was published last week D to be published last week That is the house in I used to live A that B which C where D there I'll never forget the day I first met you A at when B at which C on when D on which They own an original Picasso painting, is over a million dollars A of which the value B the value of which C which of the value D of the value which 10 I met the boy is the president of the corporation A whose father B father of whom C who's father D of whom father BT TỰ LUYỆN CÓ ĐÁP ÁN: This is the place _ I met my wife A what B where C which D that Simon is the man _ Mary loves A who B which C whom D A&C She is the one _ I told you about A what B which C whose D that Those _ had studied hard passed their exams A what B which C who D whose The magazine _ you lent me is interesting A what B which C whom D whose The man _ is resting is very tired A what B which C whom D who http://moon.vn - hotline: 04.32.99.98.98 KHÓA LUYỆN THI TOEIC – Cô VŨ MAI PHƯƠNG The boy _ sat next to you is my friend A who B which C whom D whose We are using books _ were printed last year A what B who C which D whose The painting _Ms Wallace bought was very expensive A whom B whose C which D where 10 The homeless people _story appeared in the paper last week have now found a place to live A who B whom C that D whose 11 is your favourite sport, swimming or running A What B Which C Whom D Whose 12 Were the Wright brothers the ones built the first aeroplane? A which B whom C whose D that 13 I don't like stories have unhappy endings A where B which C they D who 14 She, is your sister, lives far away A which B who C whom D she 15 I see some girls are pretty A whom B which C who D they 16 Give back the money you took A it B who C whom D which 17 He was killed by a man friends we know A whose B which C whom D that 18 He spoke to the messengers with you were leaving A which B whom C whose D that 19 We captured a town is in Spain A whom B where C which D it 20 The farmers we saw were in the field A whose B which C they D whom 21 The women I gave the money were glad A to whom B to that C for whom D for that 21 The film about _ they are talking is fantastic A who B which C whom D that 22 The people for the bus in the rain are getting well A waiting B to wait C waited D wait 23 He is the boy _ is my best friend A that B whom C who D A& C 24 I have a message for people _ by the traffic chaos A to delay B who delay C delayed D who delaying 25 I live in a pleasant room the garden A to overlook B overlooking C overlooked D which overlooking 26 Melanie was the only person _ a letter of thanks A wrote B written C to write D writing 27 The pilot was the only man _ after the crash A.was rescued B rescued C rescuing D to be rescued 28 I met a lot of new people at the party names I can’t remember A whose B which C who D whom 29 I’ll see you near the post office _ we met the other day http://moon.vn - hotline: 04.32.99.98.98 KHÓA LUYỆN THI TOEIC – Cô VŨ MAI PHƯƠNG A which B where C when D why 30 Tell me the reason you were absent yesterday A where B when C why D that 31.There was a time dinosaurs dominated the earth A which B when C that D A & B 32 Summer is the time of the year _ the weather is the hottest A when B which C that D B & C 33 Do you know the man about _ they’re talking? A whom B whose C that D A & C 34 What’s the name of the blonde girl _ just came in? A who B whose C whom D A & B 35 I don’t like people lose their tempers easily A who B whose C that D A & C 36 I don’t like people _ never stops talking A that B whose C where D whom 37 It _in Hanoi _ I was born and grew up A is / that B was / that C was / which D is / which 38 It Lan _ always helps him in his trouble A was/ who B was/ that C is / who D is / which 39 It was The World Cup _in Korea and Japan A which was held B that were held C that was held D that held 40 Marie, _ I met at the party, called me last night A that B whom C which D whose http://moon.vn - hotline: 04.32.99.98.98