Answer Keys Activity 1: a D  aily exercise, a healthy diet and enough sleep b The heart beats faster, transporting oxygen and glucose more quickly to the muscles When we exercise, muscles become strong and we burn more calories, controlling our weight c Suggested answer: We may become intolerant and lose our patience or we may be too excited d S  uggested answer: Good dental and body hygiene, skin protection of transport to move from one place to another; car pools; go shopping to local stores; have goods delivered; buy products online Noise pollution: Health problems: stress; headaches; difficulty in sleeping; deafness Possible solutions: vehicles may use silencers to reduce noise from the exhaust pipe; use hearing protection; protect houses and buildings with double windowpanes Activity 3: a …will rise…; b …can use public transportation; c …breathe in toxic gases; d …there will be…; e …can organise car pools Activity 4: Activity 2: a excess; b unhealthy; c strong; d poor diet; e never Activity 3: Students’ own answers They have to bear in mind that it has to be a balanced diet Suggested answer: There is air pollution from toxic gases from cars and factories There is a traffic jam A person is throwing rubbish into the river There is rubbish everywhere There is visual pollution from big signs by the roads Students’ own suggestions to change the situation Activity 4: Students’ own answers Students write a paragraph using the information from the table and adverbs of frequency Unit Module A Activity 1: a 2: training in microgravity conditions / key words: modified aircraft, weightlessness, weak gravity; b 4: spacewalk outside the space station / key words: real space travel; c 3: underwater training / key words: huge pool, replicas of space station modules in its bottom, weightless conditions, under water; d 1: survival training / key words: military water survival Unit Module B Activity 1: a  ; b 6; c 5; d 2; e 1; f Activity 2: Air pollution: Health problems: allergic reactions affecting our nose, eyes and throat; infections such as bronchitis and pneumonia; asthmatic people become worse; lung cancer; heart and skin problems Possible solutions: reduce the use of cars by walking, biking, skating or using public means Activity 2: a T  his training will help astronauts if there is an unplanned landing back on Earth b If there is an unplanned landing back on Earth, astronauts are likely to fall in water so they must be prepared to resist until they are English Toolkit - Sports Photocopiable © Ediciones Santillana S.A / Richmond 2011 Unit Module A Answer Keys rescued Besides, resistance is tested c It is necessary for space walk training that astronauts later receive under water training d In this way, astronauts are exposed to the effects of microgravity and their bodies get accustomed to them e It helps astronauts train for space walks and body motion in weightless conditions c T  hey practised royal or court tennis and horse racing d S chools introduced students to many sports and led to the formulation of rules Activity 4: jumping, javelin, kicking, sumo, hockey, running, polo, boxing a became; b took; c swam; d trod; e spent; f got Activity 4: Students’ own answers Unit Module B J U M P I N G S G N I L E V A J N U W R K I C K I N G O M U S O X M A D L M P H O C K E Y O R A B D P I G T P Y G N I N N U R Activity 1: a S ports originated in different parts of the world, such as China, Egypt, Persia and Greece b S umo wrestling did not form part of the first Olympic Games c Sumo changed as years passed First, it was a ritual and it was then part of imperial courts’ ceremonies It was later applied in military training and it finally became a martial art d T  he French were the first to play tennis e Rural games did not disappear People in the city adopted these sports and sometimes modified them Activity 5: a k icking, sumo and boxing b h  ockey and polo c jumping, javelin and running Activity 6: a invented, could; b started, took, ran; c originated, decided, created Activity 7: For information about pato, students can consult: http://www.pato.org.ar; http://www.educar.org/Educacionfisicaydeportiva/ Activity 2: For information about taba, students can consult: http://www.asocardetaba com.ar/historia.php For information about sortija, students can consult: http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/ historia/pato.asp a When did sports start? b Where were the first Olympic Games? c What sports did kings practise? d How did schools influence sports? Corrida_de_sortija Activity 3: a Sports started in Ancient times b In Greece English Toolkit - Sports Photocopiable © Ediciones Santillana S.A / Richmond 2011 Activity 3: Answer Keys Unit Module A Activity 2: Activity 1: a B  ecause there is a variety of landscapes to practise different activities b Trekking, mountain biking, horseback riding, mountaineering, abseiling, skiing, snowboarding, rafting, canopy, canoeing, kayaking, snorkelling, scuba diving, windsurfing, surfing, water skiing, parachuting and hang-gliding c Students’ own answers a regulations; b Olympics; c condition; d location; e sport Activity 3: a You should train hours a day b You should have a healthy diet c You should sleep well d Students’ own answers Activity 4: a fastest; b highest; c heaviest; d longest Activity 2: Students’ own answers Students can search for information on this web page: Activity 3: have been; have done; have engaged; have never suffered; have received Unit Module A Activity 4: Suggested answer: a scuba diving –Chubut; b swimming –Santiago del Estero; c trekking, horse riding or mountain biking –Neuquén; d canopy –Misiones; e windsurfing, surfing or water skiing – Buenos Aires Activity 5: Students can search for information on these web pages: http://www.turismo.gov.ar; http://www.argentinaturistica.com; http://www.visitingargentina.com/esp/turismo-enargentina/turismo_deportivo/turismo_aventura_ argentina.php http://www.olympic.org Activity 1: a S  tunt performers are doubles who replace film stars in scenes that are dangerous and also demand great skills b Stunts some hazardous sports like skydiving, acrobatics and martial arts c Some advantages of being a stunt are that many activities are in groups and give performers the opportunity to learn from other people’s experience and knowledge Moreover, they take lessons while engaging in thrilling adventures And it is also a well-paid job Activity 2: a 3; b 5; c 6; d 1; e 4; f Unit Module B Activity 1: a 2; b 1; c 3; d Activity 3: action, adventure, crime, epics, horror, film stars, stunt doubles, special effects, stage, scenes English Toolkit - Sports Photocopiable © Ediciones Santillana S.A / Richmond 2011 Activity 5: a 2; b 4; c 5; d 1; e Answer Keys Activity 4: Activity 3: Suggested answer: First, if the film star is injured or something bad happens to any of the stars, the whole production must stop Besides, producers must pay for insurance policies that are very expensive and accidents may cost a fortune Sometimes, the lead actors or actresses are not prepared to some activities and instead of spending time and money in training them, producers hire stunts This is a simpler and less expensive way of solving the problem Suggested answers: a Sports are important for learning values because, while training, we interact with other people and learn to socialise We construct our identities and respect others while interacting with them b D  isciplines such as music or art and any other activity which involves group work It may also be a hobby Activity 4: Students’ own answers The teacher may design a model and brainstorm key words that the groups may include in their advertisements Unit Module B Activity 1: Activity 5: Students’ own answers They have to design a logo showing the value(s) associated to the sport they like Then, they have to describe the picture, explain it and give reasons for their design Suggested answers: a Values in sports / Training and values / Fostering values in sports b cooperation, tolerance, solidarity, respect, responsibility, perseverance, enjoyment, honesty c openness, comradeship, consideration, commitment, teamwork Activity 2: a team holding hands Suggested answers: teamwork, cooperation, solidarity, comradeship; b a teenager helping another Suggested answers: cooperation, solidarity, comradeship; c two men holding hands Suggested answers: respect, comradeship, consideration, encouragement English Toolkit - Sports Photocopiable © Ediciones Santillana S.A / Richmond 2011 Students’ own answers Activity 5: