Prof Francisco Zabala - 2016 The History of English in Ten Minutes Activity 1: Watch the video (or listen to the audio file) Look at the s sounds in bold How ow would you describe the allophone you hear? Listen to the text again and focus on the shaded areas What’s special about them? The History of English in Ten Minutes Chapter ten: Global English, or whose language is it anyway In the fifteen hundred years since the Roman’s left Britain, English has shown own a unique ability to absorb, evolve, invade and, if we’re honest, steal After foreign settlers got it i started, it i grew into a fully-fledged language all of its own, before leaving home and travelling the world, first via the high seas, then via the high speed broadband connection, onnection, pilfering words from over 350 languages and establishing itself i as a global institution All this despite pite a written wri alphabet that bears no correlation to how it sounds and a system of spelling that even Dan Brow rown couldn’t decipher Right now around one o point five billion people speak English Of these about a quarter are native speakers, a quarter speak it as their second language, and half are able to ask for directions to a swimming pool There’s Hinglish – which is Hindi-English, Chinglish – which is Chinese-English English and Singlish – which is Singaporean English – and not that bit when they speak, in musicals usicals So in i conclusion, the language has got so little to with England these days, it may well be time to stop calling it ‘English’ But if someone does think up a new name for it, it should probably be in Chinese TIPS: • Very often, s is optionally replaced by a glottal stop (Z>\) when it’ss in syllable-final syllable position before a consonant sound (normally, not s.) or silence • Sounds tend to adapt to their neighbours This optional process is called assimilation In general, an alveolar consoant adopts the place of articulation of the following consonant • You don’tt have to show assimilations or glottal stops in your transcriptions (unless you’re you asked to) /ðə /ðə ˈhɪstri əv ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ ɡlɪʃ | ɪn ˈten ˈmɪnɪts || ˈtʃæptə æptə ˈten || ˈɡləʊbl ɡləʊbl ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ | ɔː ˈhuːz ˈlæ ˈlæŋɡwɪdʒ ŋɡwɪdʒ ɪz ɪt | ˈeniweɪ eniweɪ || ɪn ðə ˈfɪfˈtiːn ˈhʌndrəd ˈjɪəz | ˈsɪns ðəə ˈrəʊmənz ˈleft ˈbrɪtn | ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ | həʒ ˈʃəʊn ə juːːˈniːk əˈbɪləti | tu əbˈzɔːb | ɪˈvɒlv | ɪnˈveɪd | ən ɪf wɪər ˈɒnəst | ˈstiːl || ˈɑːftə ˈ ˈfɒrən ˈsetləz ˈɡɒt ɪʔ ˈstɑːtɪd | ɪk ˈɡruː | ˈɪntu ə ˈfʊli ˈfledʒ(d) ˈlæŋɡwɪdʒ ɪdʒ | ˈɔːl əv ɪts ˈəʊn || bɪˈfɔː ˈliːvɪŋ ˈhəʊm | ən ˈtrævəlɪŋ ðə ˈwɜːld | ˈfɜːs(tt) ˈva(ɪ)ə ðə ˈhaɪ ˈsiːz || ðen ˈva(ɪ)ə ðə ˈhaɪ ˈspiːd ˈbrɔːbbæŋ(g) kəəˈnekʃn | ˈpɪlfərɪŋ ˈwɜːdz | frəm ˈəʊvə ˈθriː ˈhʌʌndrəd ən ˈfɪfti ˈlæŋɡwɪdʒɪz | ən ɪˈstæblɪʃɪŋ ɪʔˈself | əz ə ˈɡləʊbl əʊbl ˈɪnstɪˈtjuːʃn || ˈɔːl ˈðɪs | dɪˈspaɪt ə ˈrɪʔn ˈælfəbet | ðəʔ ˈbeəz ˈnəʊ ˈkɒrəˈleɪʃn | tə ˈhaʊ ɪt ˈsaʊn(d)z | ənn ə ˈsɪstəm əv ˈspelɪŋ | ðət ˈiːvn ˈdæm ˈbraʊŋ ˈkkʊdn(t) dɪˈsaɪfə || ˈraɪʔ ˈnaʊ | əˈraʊn(d) ˈwʌm ˈpɔɪnt ˈfaɪv ˈbɪljəm ˈpiːpl | ˈspiːk ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ || ˈɒv ˈðiːz | əˈbaʊt ə ˈkw kwɔːtə | ə ˈneɪtɪv ˈspiːkəz | ə ˈkwɔːtə ˈspiːk ɪt əz ðeə ˈsekənd ˈlæŋŋɡwɪdʒ | ən ˈhɑːf | ər ˈeɪbl | tu ˈɑːsk fəə dɪˈrekʃnz dɪˈrekʃn tu ə ˈswɪmɪŋpuːl || ðəz ˈhɪŋɡlɪʃ | wɪtʃ ɪz ˈhɪndi ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ ɪʃ || ˈtʃɪŋɡlɪʃ | wɪtʃ ɪz ˈtʃaɪˈniːz ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ ɪʃ || ən ˈsɪŋɡlɪʃ | wɪtʃ ɪz ˈsɪŋəˈpɔːriən ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ || ən ˈnɒʔ ðæʔ ˈbɪʔ wen ˈðeɪ ˈspiːk | ɪm m ˈmjuːzɪklz || səʊ ˈɪŋ kəŋˈkluːʒn | ðə ˈlæŋɡwɪdʒ ɪdʒ əz ˈɡɒʔ ˈɡɒ ˈsəʊ ˈlɪtl tə ˈduː wɪð ˈɪŋɡlənd | ðiːz ˈdeɪz | ɪʔ meɪ ˈwel wel | bi ˈtaɪm tə ˈstɒp ˈkɔːlɪŋ ɪt ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ ɪʃ || bət ɪf ˈsʌmwʌn ˈdʌz ˈθɪŋk ˈʌp ə ˈnjuː ˈneɪm fər ɪt | ɪt ʃəb ˈprɒbəbli | bi ɪn tʃaɪˈniːz/