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TOPIC 16 PHRASE AND CLAUSE (mệnh đề và cụm từ) TOPIC 16 PHRASE AND CLAUSE (mệnh đề và cụm từ) TOPIC 16 PHRASE AND CLAUSE (mệnh đề và cụm từ) TOPIC 16 PHRASE AND CLAUSE (mệnh đề và cụm từ) TOPIC 16 PHRASE AND CLAUSE (mệnh đề và cụm từ) TOPIC 16 PHRASE AND CLAUSE (mệnh đề và cụm từ) TOPIC 16 PHRASE AND CLAUSE (mệnh đề và cụm từ)
TOPIC 16 : PHRASE AND CLAUSE (Mệnh đề cụm từ) -A PHRASE AND CLAUSE OF PURPOSE (Mệnh đề cụm từ mục đích) Rewrite these sentences, using CLAUSE OF PURPOSE : We hurried to school so as not to be late ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……… She locked the door so as not to be disturbed ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……… He cut the hair so as to avoid being arrested by the police ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……… We should take advantage of the scientific achievements of the world so that we can develop our national money ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……… I He climbed up the tree in order to get better view ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……… You should get up early so that you will have time to review your lesson ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……… Some young people like to earn their own living in order to be independent of their parents ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……… We should morning exercise so as to improve our health ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……… Everybody in the world must unite their efforts to maintain and protect peace ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……… 10 She put on warm clothes so as not to catch cold ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……… II Rewrite these sentences, using PHRASE OF PURPOSE : Leave early so that you may get home before dark ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……… I went to see him so that I could find what had happened ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……… Tom is saving up so that he could buy a new bicycle ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……… He hurried so that he could catch the train ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……… She is learning French so that she will be able to speak it when she comes to Paris ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……… This man changed the address constantly so that he could avoid the police ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……… I shouted in order that I could warn anyone of danger ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……… Banks are developed so that they can keep people’s money safe ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……… Mary went to the library in order that she could borrow some books ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……… 10 Yesterday, my father went to the bank so that he would open a checking account ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……… III Use phrase or clause of purpose to combine each pairs of these sentences : The boy stood on the chair He wanted to get better view ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……… We turn down the volume of the radio We don’t want to bother our neighbors ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……… I’ll write to you I want you to know my decision ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……… Angelina Jolie wore a veil She didn’t want to be recognized ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……… These men were talking in whispers They didn’t want anyone to hear their conversation ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……… The boy feigned to be sick He hoped we didn’t make him work ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……… The man spoke loudly He wanted everyone in the hall could hear him clearly ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……… Doris often goes home as soon as the class is over She doesn’t want her mother to wait for her ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……… Mr Thompson is studying Vietnamese He wishes to read Kim Van Kieu ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……… 10 Alice prepared her lesson carefully She needed to get good marks ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……… 11 You should walk slowly Your sister can follow you ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……… 12 She needs a job She wants to support her parents ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……… 13 The farmer built a high wall around his garden The fruits wouldn’t be stolen ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……… 14 The notices are written in several languages Everyone may understand them ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……… 15 Dick is practicing the guitar He can play for the dance ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……… B PHRASE AND CLAUSE OF RESULT (Mệnh đề cụm từ kết quả) Combine each pairs of these sentences, using TOO : Tom is short He can’t touch the ceiling ……………………………………………………… Alice is very young She can’t stay at home alone ……………………………………………… It’s very late We can’t see a movie …………………………………………………………… She lives far from school She can’t walk there ………………………………………………… It’s very cold We can’t go swimming today …………………………………………………… The jacket is very small He can’t wear it ……………………………………………………… Peter is very tired He can’t study ……………………………………………………………… The pencil is very short She can’t use it ……………………………………………………… The meeting is very important We can’t miss it ……………………………………………… 10 Sarah can’t take a day off She was very busy ………………………………………………… 11 You speak so fast that I can’t catch up with your words ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………… 12 The piano was too heavy We couldn’t hang it on the wall ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………… I 13 The test was very long We can’t finish it in half an hour 14 15 16 II 10 11 12 ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………… Mike was very busy He couldn’t go to his aunt’s house warming party ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………… Some movies are very violent Children shouldn’t watch them ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………… He reached the station very late He couldn’t catch the train ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………… Combine each pairs of these sentences, using ENOUGH : It’s not warm today We can’t go outside ……………………………………………………… The coat isn’t warm I can’t wear it in winter ………………………………………………… Tom doesn’t have money He can’t pay his bills ……………………………………………… The ice is very thick People can dance on it …………………………………………………… The ladder is rather long We can use it ………………………………………………………… The shirt is big He can wear it ………………………………………………………………… That bookcase is large It can hold 150 books ………………………………………………… The box is light She can lift it ………………………………………………………………… The weather is very rough We can’t swim in it ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………… A taxi would have been best But I didn’t have enough money ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………… I didn’t have time I couldn’t eat breakfast this morning ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………… The room is not wide We can’t hold a party in this room 13 14 15 16 17 III 10 11 ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………… That chair is not strong We can’t stand so long on that chair ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………… It was very hot You can fry an egg on the pavement ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………… You are quite thin You can slip between the two bars ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………… All my guests will need chairs But I haven’t got any ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………… Mary doesn’t have money She can’t buy that Martin bicycle ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………… Combine each pairs of these sentences, using SO / SUCH THAT : She was frightened She lost control of her car ………………………………………………… It was a fine day We wanted to go picnicking ………………………………………………… He gave me good advice I passed the test easily ……………………………………………… It was a foggy night We couldn’t see the road ………………………………………………… The music was loud It gave me a headache …………………………………………………… The room is crowded We can hardly move …………………………………………………… He was given a lot of work to He protested ………………………………………………… We had fun We want to go there again ………………………………………………………… It was a bad storm We had to seek shelter ……………………………………………………… I waited a long time I finally had to leave ……………………………………………………… She received very shocking news She nearly fainted 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………… It was a beautiful dress Mary wanted to show it to everybody at the party ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………… She drove very fast A policeman had to stop her and gave her a ticket ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………… He had so many books to read He didn’t find time for his hobby ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………… He had a lot of work to He did not have time for lunch ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………… There were many people in the theater I couldn’t find the seat ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………… She was very short She couldn’t reach the tops of the high shelves ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………… He was very disappointed He committed a suicide ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………… His sudden appearance gave her a great surprise She burst out crying ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………… I had a lot of trouble with my schoolwork I had to ask for help ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………… There were a lot of questions on the test I couldn’t finish it in half an hour ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………… The children took a large bite of sandwich He couldn’t chew it ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………… It was a delicious dessert I decided to order portion ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………… It was a strong wind It blew down several banyan trees in this village ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………… 25 There were many people in the hall We couldn’t see Professor Taylor 26 27 28 29 30 ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………… The atmosphere was suffocating Nobody could resist the temptation to go to the seaside ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………… He lives far from the office He often gets up early to catch the bus to go to work on time ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………… There were very few students at the extra class It was cancelled ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………… The tornado struck with great force It lifted automobiles off the ground ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………… Grandpa held me tightly when he hugged me I couldn’t breathe for a moment ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………… C I 10 11 12 13 14 PHRASE AND CLAUSE OF REASON and CONCESSION (Mệnh đề cụm từ nguyên nhân nhượng bộ) Complete these sentences by using although / in spite of / because / because of : ………………… the meeting is at 2pm, I won’t be able to see you ………………… I told you the absolute truth, no one would believe me The goods were never delivered ………………… the promise we had received, My mother is always complaining ……………… The untidiness of my room I didn’t get the job …………………… I have all necessary qualifications It’s unsafe to travel in that country …………………… the ongoing civil war The villagers refused to leave …………………… the drought ………………… everything looked different, I had no idea to go ………………… his age, John was not hired ……………… he had enough qualifications It was difficult to deliver the letter …………….the sender had written the wrong address on the envelope We decided to leave early …………………the party was boring Rescue attempts were temporarily halted ……………………………the bad weather Paul may not go to the football game………………………….his grades They visited their friends often ……………….they enjoyed their company ………………… the traffic jam, I came to the meeting late ……………… having a bad cough, she was able to sing in the choir She walked slowly ………………… her leg was injured Several people in the crowd became ill and fainted ……………… the extreme heat 19 I went to work the next day …………………… I was still feeling unwell 20 ………………… there was a shortage of water, many trees died rapidly II Choose the best answer : _it was raining heavily he went out without a raincoat A In spite B In spite of C However D Although _he wasn’t feeling very well; Mr Graham went to visit his aunt as usual A Although B However C Therefore D Still He was offered the job his qualifications were poor A despite B in spite of C even though D Whereas we were in town, we often met him A For B Although C So D When She didn’t get the job she had all the necessary qualifications A because B although C so D but I could not eat I was very hungry A even though B in spite C despite D in spite the fact that In pite _, the baseball game was not cancelled A the rain B of the rain C it was raining D there was a rain he had enough money, he refused to buy a new car A In spite B In spite of C Despite D Although , he walked to the station A Despite tired B In spite being tired C Although to be tired D Despite being tired The children slept well, despite _ A it was noise B the noise C of the noise D noisy 10 She left him she still loved him A even if B even though C in spite of D despite 11 _ her lack of hard work, she was promoted A In spite B Even though C in spite of D despite of 12 _ they are brothers, they not look like A Although B Even C Despite D In spite of 13 We are concerned with the problem of energy resouces we must think of our environment A despite B though C as though D but 14 some Japanese women are successful in business, the majority of Japanese companies are run by men A But B Even if C If D As though 15 In spite of not speaking French, Mike decided to settle in Paris 15 16 17 18 A Even though Mike didn’t speak French, but he decided to settle in Paris B Mike decided to settle in Paris despite he didn’t speak French C Mike decided to settle in Paris though the fact that not speaking French D Although Mike didn’t speak French; he decided to settle in Paris 16 Mr Ba was late for the meeting though he took a taxi A Even though taking a taxi, Mr Ba was late for the meeting B In spite of taking a taxi, but Mr Ba was late for the meeting C Mr Ba was late for the meeting despite the fact he took a taxi D Mr Ba was late for the meeting although having taken a taxi 17 We came to the meeting on time though the traffic was heavy A Despite the traffic was heavy; we came to the meeting on time B In spite of the heavy traffic, we came to the meeting on time C Even though the heavy traffic, we came to the meeting on time D Although the traffic was heavy, but we came to the meeting on time 18 Although he took a taxi, Bill still arrived late for the concert A Bill arrived late for the concert whether he took a taxi or not B Bill arrived late for the concert because of the taxi C In spite of taking a taxi, Bill arrived late for the concert D Bill took a taxi to the concert, but he couldn’t catch it 19 Although she is rich, she can’t afford to buy the car A She doesn’t have enough money to buy the car she likes B Rich as she is, she can’t afford to buy the car C The car is too expensive for her to buy D She wants to buy the car but it costs a lot 20 Although Sue felt tired, she stayed up late talking to Jill A Despite feeling tired, Sue stayed up late talking to Jill B In spite feeling tired, Sue stayed up late talking to Jill C Sue wouldn’t feel tired despite staying up late talking to Jill D Sue stayed up late talking to Jill As a result, she was tired III Rewrite these sentences, using BECAUSE / BECAUSE OF : A Because I am sick, I not go out Because of …………………………………………… Because the water is polluted, we can’t swim in that river Because of …………………………………………………………………………………… Because Nga has had a sore leg, she had difficulty in walking Because of …………………………………………………………………………………… Because he behaved badly, he found himself in trouble Because of …………………………………………………………………………………… Because it was snowing, we didn’t go out for a walk Because of …………………………………………………………………………………… Because of his good looks, he is popular with many girls Because 10 ……………………………………………………………………………………… Because of his serious sickness, he couldn’t come to the class Because ……………………………………………………………………………………… Because of too much exhaust fume, people have to wear gauze masks in the streets Because ……………………………………………………………………………………… Because of their good performance, they won the first prize Because ……………………………………………………………………………………… Because of your advice, we didn’t use that poisonous chemical Because ……………………………………………………………………………………… B He came late because it was dark …………………………………………………………… I can’t study because it is noisy …………………………………………………………… I can’t sleep because the weather is hot …………………………………………………… He left school because his life was hard …………………………………………………… Mary didn’t go to school yesterday because she was sick ………………………………… She went to bed early because she felt tired ………………………………………………… We stopped our car because the traffic lights turned red ……………………………………………………………………………………………… …… The plane couldn’t take off the weather was bad ……………………………………………………………………………………………… …… Because of the heavy rain, I came late to the school anniversary ……………………………………………………………………………………………… …… 10 I like him because his father is kind to me ………………………………………………… 11 I can eat these fruits because they are green ………………………………………………… 12 I couldn’t the test because it is difficult ………………………………………………… 13 The train came late because it was raining ………………………………………………… 14 Ann didn’t go to the circus with Betty because she had a bad cold ……………………………………………………………………………………………… …… 15 John succeeded in his exam because he worked hard and methodically ……………………………………………………………………………………………… …… 16 Margaret stayed home because her mother was sick ……………………………………………………………………………………………… …… 17 All the teachers love him because his conduct is good ……………………………………………………………………………………………… …… 18 I couldn’t read the letter because it was dark ……………………………………………………………………………………………… …… 19 Rice plants grow well because the climate is warm and damp ……………………………………………………………………………………………… …… 20 He couldn’t drive fast because the street was crowded and narrow ……………………………………………………………………………………………… …… IV Rewrite these sentences, using ALTHOUGH / THOUGH / DESPITE / IN SPITE OF Although it got dark, they continued to work ……………………………………………… Although it was noisy, I keep on studying ………………………………………………… Although the streets are narrow, many people drive cars in this city ……………………………………………………………………………………………… …… Despite being good at English, he wasn’t chosen ……………………………………………………………………………………………… …… Despite having an English name, he is in fact German ……………………………………………………………………………………………… …… He always studied hard though he encounters difficulty ……………………………………………………………………………………………… …… Despite the bad weather, he came to the meeting on time ……………………………………………………………………………………………… …… The flight was not delayed it was foggy …………………………………………………… He ate all the fruit though it was green ……………………………………………………… 10 We did the test well in spite of its difficulty ………………………………………………… 11 In spite of his strength, I am not afraid of him ……………………………………………… 12 Mr Pike doesn’t wear classes despite his old age ………………………………………… 13 He didn’t eat much in spite of being hungry ……………………………………………… 14 The plane took off in despite the bad weather ……………………………………………… 15 He couldn’t solve the problem though he is good at math ……………………………………………………………………………………………… …… 16 Although he had much experience in machinery, he didn’t succeed in repairing this machine ……………………………………………………………………………………………… …… 17 Although it rained heavily, I went to school on time ……………………………………………………………………………………………… …… 18 Everybody has great regard for him despite his poverty ……………………………………………………………………………………………… …… 19 He didn’t stop his car though the traffic lights turned red ……………………………………………………………………………………………… …… 20 He studied very well despite his hard life at that time ……………………………………………………………………………………………… …… V Rewrite these sentences : The traffic jam made them come to the meeting late => Because…………………………………………………………………………………… … Because of the heavy rain, the traffic jam became more serious => Because ……………………………………………………………………………………… Although he has a very important job, he isn’t particularly well-paid =>In spite of …………………………………………………………………………………… Although I had never seen her before, I recognized her from a photograph => Despite ……………………………………………………………………………………… She wasn’t wearing the coat although it was quite cold =>In spite of ……………………………………………………………………………………… We thought we’d better invite them to the party although we don’t like them very much => Despite ……………………………………………………………………………………… Although I didn’t speak the language, I managed to make myself understand =>In spite of ……………………………………………………………………………………… Although the heat was on, the room wasn’t warm => Despite ……………………………………………………………………………………… I didn’t recognize her although I’d met her twice before =>In spite of ……………………………………………………………………………………… 10 Mr Harris often misses the bus because his hours are irregular => Because of ………………………………………………………………………………………… 11 In spite of their quarrel, they remain the best of friends => Though ……………………………………………………………………………………… 12 In spite of the bad weather, they went out for dinner => Although ……………………………………………………………………………………… 13 She isn’t brilliant but she studies quite well => Although ……………………………………………………………………………………… 14 The house isn’t nice, but I like the garden => Even though …………………………………………………………………………………… 15 We’re not very good friends although we’ve known each other a long time => Despite ……………………………………………………………………………………… 16 Although Minh was ill, he still came to the meeting =>In spite of ……………………………………………………………………………………… 17 The play was not accepted because of numerous objections which they made => Because ……………………………………………………………………………………… 18 In spite of his age, he still leads an active life => Even though …………………………………………………………………………………… 19 In spite of his hard work, Ba he failed his exam => Though ……………………………………………………………………………………… 20 In spite of the heavy rain, we decided to go to see the match => Although ……………………………………………………………………………………… [...]... worked hard and methodically ……………………………………………………………………………………………… …… 16 Margaret stayed home because her mother was sick ……………………………………………………………………………………………… …… 17 All the teachers love him because his conduct is good ……………………………………………………………………………………………… …… 18 I couldn’t read the letter because it was dark ……………………………………………………………………………………………… …… 19 Rice plants grow well because the climate is warm and damp... dark ……………………………………………………………………………………………… …… 19 Rice plants grow well because the climate is warm and damp ……………………………………………………………………………………………… …… 20 He couldn’t drive fast because the street was crowded and narrow ……………………………………………………………………………………………… …… IV Rewrite these sentences, using ALTHOUGH / THOUGH / DESPITE / IN SPITE OF 1 Although it got dark, they continued to work ……………………………………………… 2 Although... of being hungry ……………………………………………… 14 The plane took off in despite the bad weather ……………………………………………… 15 He couldn’t solve the problem though he is good at math ……………………………………………………………………………………………… …… 16 Although he had much experience in machinery, he didn’t succeed in repairing this machine ……………………………………………………………………………………………… …… 17 Although it rained heavily, I went to school on time 8 ………………………………………………………………………………………………... thought we’d better invite them to the party although we don’t like them very much => Despite ……………………………………………………………………………………… 7 Although I didn’t speak the language, I managed to make myself understand =>In spite of ……………………………………………………………………………………… 8 Although the heat was on, the room wasn’t warm => Despite ……………………………………………………………………………………… 9 I didn’t recognize her although I’d met her twice before... isn’t nice, but I like the garden => Even though …………………………………………………………………………………… 15 We’re not very good friends although we’ve known each other a long time => Despite ……………………………………………………………………………………… 16 Although Minh was ill, he still came to the meeting =>In spite of ……………………………………………………………………………………… 17 The play was not accepted because of numerous objections which they made => Because ………………………………………………………………………………………