GV Lương Nguyễn – 01246800244 CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN CÁC DẠNG CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN Mệnh đề IF Trái Tương lai (có thể xảy tương lai) Hiện đơn Trái Hiện (to be  were) Trái Quá khứ Ví dụ: Mệnh đề Quá khứ đơn Quá khứ hoàn thành will S + shall + V0 can would S + should + V0 could might would S + should + have + V3/ed could might • If she loves me, I will marry her tomorrow • If she were beautiful, I would marry her today • If she had loved me, I would have married her last year • If you heat water to 1000C, it boils (nếu bạn đun nước đến 1000C sôi) • If I were you, I would kill Lan (lời khuyên, lời cảnh báo)  you should kill Lan • If I had bought lotery yesterday, I would have won it I would win it now I will win it tomorrow BIẾN ĐỔI SANG CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN • Biến đổi câu  tìm lý  If trái lý A because B Because A, B A so B A and B A that’s why B Ví dụ: He learns lazily so he fails the test  If he didn’t learn lazily, he would not fail the test He hated me because I didn’t help him  If I had helped him, he would not have hated me • A câu mệnh lệnh, B tương lai  đổi sang If, mặc định A You không lùi A or B  giữ A, đảo B * Go out or I will kill you  If you go out, I won’t kill you A and B  giữ nguyên A B * Don’t cry and I’ll give you a kiss  If you don’t cry, I’ll give you a kiss • Biến đổi câu: IF Khẳng định UNLESS = If … not Phủ định Khi mệnh đề If phủ định, chuyển qua Unless mệnh đề giữ nguyên * If he didn’t help me, I would die  Unless he helped me, I would die GV Lương Nguyễn – 01246800244 Khi mệnh đề If khẳng định, chuyển qua Unless đảo mệnh đề * If he had helped me, I would have passed it  Unless he had helped me, I would not have passed it ĐẢO NGỮ CỦA CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN • IF trái Tương lai: * If he helps me, I won’t die  If he should help me, I won’t die  Should he help me, I won’t die • IF trái Hiện tại: * If he helped me, I wouldn’t die  If he were to help me, I wouldn’t die  Were he to help me, I wouldn’t die * If I were Lan, I would kill you  Were I Lan, I would kill you • IF trái Quá khứ: * If he had not helped me, I would have died  Had he not helped me, I would have died MỘT SỐ CẤU TRÚC KHÁC • Cấu trúc không do…/ không nhờ vào… : Trái Hiện tại: would S + should + V0 could If it weren’t for Noun/Ving * If it weren’t for your help, I would die  But for your help, I would die  Without your help, I would die Trái Quá khứ: would S + should + have + V3/ed could Quá khứ hoàn thành * If it hadn’t been for your help, I would have died  But for your help, I would have died  Without your help, I would have died • Một số từ tương tự IF: IF (nếu) = Supposed/ Supposing (giả sử như) IF (nếu) = In case (phòng khi) Provided/ Providing (miễn là) On condition that (với điều kiện là) So long as (chừng mà) Otherwise (nếu không thì)… • AS IF/ AS THOUGHT