KEY & EXPLANATION CAMBRIDGE IELTS READING TESTS Tác giả Bản B quyền thuộc về: ANH NGỮ Ữ ZIM http://zim.vn http://ielts-forum.com MỤC LỤC Cam 6……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………1 Cam 7……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………30 Cam 8……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………57 Cam 9……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………82 Cam 10…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………109 Cam 11…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………135 CAMBRIDGE ZIM | Room 2501, VNT Building, 19 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi CAM – TEST Câu 1: B Đoạn B dòng 3: “AIS scientists…swimming and squash” Câu nói việc nhà khoa học “apply skills learned in one to another” - đồng nghĩa với việc “exchange of expertise between different sports” Câu 2: C Đoạn C dòng 5: “To demonstrate how the system works… for studying swimmers” Câu nói “3D analysis tool”, tức dùng hình ảnh 3D để phân tích -> dùng “visual imaging” Câu 3: B Câu cuối đoạn B: “We can’t waste our time… chief of science at AIS.” "Reason for narrowing the scope of research activity" "We can't waste our time" Câu 4: F Câu đoạn F: “Of course, there’s nothing to stop other countries copying - and many have tried.” Việc nước khác “copy” nhắc đến việc "How AIS ideas have been reproduced" đề Câu 5: D Dòng đoạn D: “With the Cooperative Research Centre… an athlete’s ability to run.” Đoạn nói việc dùng “sensor” để theo dõi “factor that might have an impact…” -> cách “obstacles to optimum achievement can be investigated” Câu 6: A Dòng đoạn A: “At the Australian Insitude of Sport… and nutritional advice.” Câu nói khái quát tổ chức hỗ trợ vận động viên AIS ASC -> “an overview of the funded support of athletes.” Câu 7: E dòng đầu đoạn E: “Using data is a complex business… winning times.” dòng nói việc dùng data để lập “a ‘competition model’” trước thi (championship) -> “how performance requirements are calculated before an event” Câu 8: A Dòng cuối trang 18: “It collects images from digital cameras.” ZIM | Room 2501, VNT Building, 19 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi Đoạn C nói Australia câu văn present simple nên Australia sử dụng Không có chỗ nói nước khác dùng -> exclusive to Australia Câu 9: B Dòng đoạn D: “They are developing unobstrusive sensors” Đoạn D nói Australia, “are developing” có nghĩa phát triển -> Australia dùng tương lai Câu 10: A Dòng 11 đoạn D: “After years of experimentation… in atheletes’ saliva.” “a test that measures how much of the immune-system protein” -> “protein test” Vẫn Australia, “developed” có nghĩa phát triển rồi, tức có -> Australia dùng Không có chỗ nói nước khác -> exclusive Câu 11: C Dòng đoạn F: “Now everyone uses them The same has happened to the ‘altitude tent’.” Đoan lấy ví dụ phát minh Australia mà nước khác “copy”, “the same” việc “everyone uses them” -> Australia “their rivals” dùng Câu 12: (a) competition model Dòng đoạn E: “Well before and championship… will be the winning times.” Câu nói việc tạo “competition model” trước thi để vận động viên lên kế hoạch Câu 13: 2% (đáp án đề ghi 20%? ->sai?) Dòng đoạn F: “At the Atlanta Olympic Games in 1996, these sliced as much as two per cent off cyclist’ and rowers’ times.” Vậy “cyclists’ performance” tăng 2% Câu 14: I Câu cuối đoạn I: “Bringing these barriers down would… even closer.” Câu ý nói việc loại bỏ rào cản giúp (vì có từ would - giả định) kinh tế giới trở nên gần gũi -> “suggestion” để “improve trade” Câu 15: F Dòng đoạn F: “Computer software can be… simply by transmitting it over telephone lines from one country to another” “Electronic delivery” vận chuyển qua đường điện tử -> “transmitting over telephone lines” ZIM | Room 2501, VNT Building, 19 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi Phần sau đoạn F nói ảnh hưởng việc (“worrying less about the cost of delivering their output.”) Câu 16: E Dòng từ lên đoạn E: “Computer manufacturers in Japan or Texas… on the domestic market.” Câu ví dụ việc “transporting a product from abroad” (nhập từ Singapore đến Japan Texas) “from a local supplier” (bằng “domestic market”) có “similar cost” (tức “will not face hugely bigger freight bills”) Câu 17: D Câu cuối đoạn D: “As a result, less transportation is required for every dollar’s worth of imports or exports.” Câu nói việc vận chuyển ngày cành tốn kém, tức giá trị sản phẩm phụ thuộc vào phí vận chuyển (“the weakening relationship between the value of goods and the cost of delivery”) Câu 18: True Câu thứ đoạn A: “While the global economy… of about twice that.” Câu so sánh phát triển “global economy” (~3%) phát triển “International trade” (gấp đôi mức -> ~6%) Vậy International trade phát triển nhanh global economy Câu 19: False Câu cuối đoạn B: “Cheap labour may make… lose its advantages.” Đây ví dụ việc “cheap labour” không đảm bảo “effective trade conditions” Câu 20: Not Given Không có chỗ so sánh độ nhập Japan France *Lưu ý: dòng 2-3 đoạn C nói “output” “imports” Câu 21: True Câu đoạn D: “Countries still trade disproportionately with their geographic neighbours.” Câu ý nói quốc gia buôn bán với nước láng giềng nhiều Câu 22: Not Given Không có thông tin liên hệ “Germany” việc sản xuất “small computer components” Câu 23: G - trade ZIM | Room 2501, VNT Building, 19 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi Câu đầu câu thứ đoạn G: “In many countries… in cargo-handling.” Việc phát minh “modern cargo-handling methods” giúp “drive the process along” Và “process” phát triển giao thương (“trade”) Câu 24: B - components Dòng đoạn E: “Computer manufacturers… domestic market.” Manufacturers of computers nhập “disk drives” - thành phần máy tính -> “components” Câu 25: C - container ships Câu đoạn H: “The shipping container… competitive business.” -> container ships khiến việc vận chuyển trở nên efficient Câu 26: A - tariffs Dòng đoạn I: “keep the cost of shipping unnecesssarily high.” Đoạn I muốn nói việc quốc gia nên giảm “the cost of shipping” để “help the world’s economies grow closer”, tức khiến giao thương quốc gia dễ “The cost of shipping” đồng nghĩa “tariffs” Câu 27: i dòng cuối đoạn B: “In Canada, where the Inuit people… modern science.” "changing environment" đồng nghĩa "climate change" "combining their ancestral knowledge with the best of modern science" "reaction" người Inuit Câu 28: vi dòng đầu đoạn C: “The Canadian Artic… sea mammals and fish.” Cả phần đầu đoạn C nói khó sinh sống vùng Canadian Artic Câu 29: iii dòng đầu trang 28 Phần sau đoạn D nói nguồn cung “provisions” khác người Inuit từ bên “Provisions” tương đương “essential supplies” -> “alternative sources of essential supplies” Câu 30: vii dòng đầu dòng cuối đoạn E: “While the Inuit… been problems.” “there’s a high incidence of depression.” Đoạn nói ảnh hưởng xấu đến sức khỏe, từ bệnh thể chất (obesity, heart disease, diabetes) đến tinh thần (depression) -> “Negative effects on well-being” ZIM | Room 2501, VNT Building, 19 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi Câu 31: iv Dòng 3-8 đoạn F: “And Western scientists… credibility and weight.’” Việc “Western scientist are starting to draw on this wisdom” “IQ has had much more credibily and weight” dấu hiệu cho thấy “respect for Inuit opinion grows” Câu 32: ii Dòng 2-4 đoạn G: “Others, however, point out… are no more than best guesses” "first weather stations just 50 years" "still huge gaps in our environmental knowledge" -> Kiến thức thay đổi khí hậu -> “Understanding of climate change remains limited” Câu 33: farming Dòng đoạn C: “Farming is out of the question” Vì "farming is out of the question" đồng nghĩa "it is impossible for people to engage in farming" Câu 34 - 35: sea mammals - fish Dòng 4-5 đoạn C: “surviving by exploiting sea mammals and fish.” Câu nghĩa họ sống sót việc săn bắt tận dụng “sea mammal and fish” -> đồng nghĩa “rely on catching…” Câu 36: Thule dòng cuối đoạn C: “one group emerged that was… iron tools.” Câu nói người Thule nhóm người thành công sống sót vùng Canadian Artic *lưu ý: đáp án người Thule Inuit đề “successful” việc “settle there” phải người định cư ban đầu - tức tổ tiên người Inuit Câu 37: islands Dòng 1-2 đoạn D: “Nuvanut is… and a handful of islands around the North Pole.” “a handful” “a few” nghĩa tương đương Câu 38: nomadic Dòng đoạn D: “most have abandoned their nomadic ways” “Abandon” “give up” đồng nghĩa Trong câu từ “ways” mang nghĩa lối sống giống “lifestyle” Câu 39: nature Dòng cuối trang 27: “they still rely heavily on nature” "Rely heavily on" đồng nghĩa "depend mainly on" ZIM | Room 2501, VNT Building, 19 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi Câu 23: birds Dòng 9-10 đoạn B: “As trees became scarce and they could no longer construct wooden canoes for fishing, they ate birds.” “Construct” đồng nghĩa “building” Câu 24: wood Dòng 4-5 đoạn C: “Diamond thinks they laid the moat on wooden sledges, hauled over log rails, but that required both a lot of wood and a lot of people.” Câu 25 - 26: B - C B vì: Dòng 2-3 đoạn E: “They also believe that moving the moai required few people and no wood, because they were walked upright.” Vậy trái ngược với “both a lot of wood and a lot of people” C vì: Câu đầu đoạn E: “Hunt and Lipo contend that moai-building was an activity that helped keep the peace between islanders.” Vậy trái ngược với theo Diamond “moai” dùng để “rival chieftains” thể thống trị Câu 27: C Dòng 4-6 paragraph trang 49: “When asked to make simple perceptual decisions such as matching a shape to its rotated image, for example, people often choose a definitively wrong answer if they see others doing the same.” “Often” → “tendency” Câu 28: D Dòng đầu câu cuối paragraph trang 49: “Angelina Hawley-Dolan, of Boston College, Massachusetts, responded to this debate” “It seems that the viewer can sense the artist’s vision in paintings, even if they can’t explain why.” “Perceive the intention” đồng nghĩa “sense the artist’s vision” 142 Câu 29: B Dòng đầu câu cuối paragraph trang 49: “Rober Pepperell, an artist based at Cardiff University” “It would seem that the brain sees these images as puzzles, and the harder it is to decipher the meaning, the more rewarding is the moment of recognition.” “The more rewarding is the moment of recognition” đồng nghĩa “satisfying to work out what a painting represents” Câu 30: A ZIM | Room 2501, VNT Building, 19 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi Dòng 2-4 paragraph trang 50: “Mondrian’s works are deceptively simple, but eyetracking studies confirm that they are meticulously composed, and that simply rotating a piece radically changes the way we view it.” “Meticulously composed” đồng nghĩa “carefully put together” Câu 31: C - emotions dòng cuối paragraph trang 49: “The blurred imagery of Impressionist paintings seems to stimulate the brain’s amygdala, for instance The the amygdala plays a crucial role in our feelings, that finding might explain why many people find these pieces of moving.” “Find these pieces of moving” → “the impact on our emotions” Câu 32: B - complexity Câu đầu paragraph trang 50: “In another experiment, Alex Forsythe of the University of Liverpool analysed the visual intricacy of different pieces of art, and her results suggest that many artists use a key level of detail to please the brain.” “A key level of details” đồng nghĩa “precise degree of complexity” Câu 33: H - images Dòng 4-7 paragraph trang 50: “What’s more, appealing pieces both abstract and representational, show signs of ‘fractals’ - repeated motifs recurring in different scales Fractals are common throughout nature, for example in the shapes of mountain peaks or the branches of trees.” “Motifs” đồng nghĩa “images” Câu 34: Not Given Văn không nhắc đến “previous beliefs on the function of ‘fractals’ in art” Câu 35: Yes Dòng 4-5 paragraph trang 50: “This may be down to our brain’s ‘mirror neurons’, which are known to mimic others’ actions The hypothesis will need to be thoroughly tested, however.” “Need to be thoroughly tested” đồng nghĩa “require further verification” 143 Câu 36: No Câu cuối paragraph trang 50: “While the fashions of the time might shape what is currently popular, works that are best adapted to our visual system may be the most likely to linger once the trends of previous generations have been forgotten.” Vì có “works that are best adapted to our visual system” “linger once the trends of previous generations have been forgotten” → “depends entirely” sai Câu 37: No ZIM | Room 2501, VNT Building, 19 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi Dòng 2-3 paragraph cuối trang 50: “It would, however, be foolish to reduce art appreciation to a set of scientific laws.” “A set of scientific laws” đồng nghĩa “define the precise rules” Câu 38: Yes Dòng 3-4 paragraph cuối trang 50: “We shouldn’t underestimate the importance of the style of a particular artist, their place in history and the artistic environment of their time.” “Their place in history and the artistic environment” “cultural context” Câu 39: Not Given Văn không so sánh độ khó dễ việc “find meaning” “field of science” với “art” Lưu ý: Câu cuối paragraph cuối trang 50: “In some ways, it’s not so different to science” nói việc điều cần phải “find meaning”, không nói bên khó hơn, dễ Câu 40: A Theo phương pháp loại trừ: Đáp án B loại văn không nói “studies focusing on the neural activity of abstract artists” (các “studies” phần lớn người xem “artist”) Đáp án C loại văn không so sánh “abstact” với “representational art” Đáp án D loại văn không nói việc “public opinion about abstract art” bị thay đổi chút 144 ZIM | Room 2501, VNT Building, 19 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi CAM 11 – TEST Câu 1: tea Dòng 13-17 paragraph trang 65: “It just so happened that while she was sipping some tea, one of the cocoons that she had collected landed in the hot tea and started to unravel into a fine thread.” “Landed in” đồng nghĩa “fell into” Câu 2: reel Dòng 21-25 paragraph trang 65: “She also devised a special reel to draw the fibres from the cocoon into a single thread so that they would be strong enough to be woven into fabric.” “Draw the fibres from the cocoon” đồng nghĩa “pull out silk fibres” Câu 3: women Câu đầu paragraph trang 65: “Originally, silkworm farming was solely restricted to women, and it was they who were responsible for the growing, harvesting and weaving.” “Growing, harvesting and weaving” bước việc “produce silk” “Solely restricted” đồng nghĩa “only … were allowed” Câu 4: royalty Dòng 4-7 paragraph trang 65: “Silk quickly grew into a symbol of status, and originally, only royalty were entitled to have clothes made of silk.” “Entitled” đồng nghĩa “allowed” “Have clothes made of silk” đồng nghĩa “wear silk” Câu 5: currency Dòng 12-16 paragraph trang 65: “silk was so prized that it was also used as a unit of currency Government officials were paid their salary in silk, and farmers paid their taxes in grain and silk.” Vậy việc “farmers’ taxes consisted partly of silk” ví dụ cho việc “used as a unit of currency” 145 Câu 6: paper Câu cuối paragraph trang 65: “The earliest indication of silk paper being used was discovered in the tomb of a noble who is estimated to have died around 168 AD.” Câu 7: wool dòng cuối trang 65 dòng đầu trang 66: “taking silk westward and bringing gold, silver and wool to the East.” ZIM | Room 2501, VNT Building, 19 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi “Gold, silver” “precious metals” Vậy thứ lại mang “wool” Câu 8: monks Dòng 9-15 paragraph trang 66: “According to another legend, monks working for the Byzantine emperor Justinian smuggled silkworm eggs to Constantinople (Istanbul in moder-day Turkey) in 550 AD, concealed inside hollow bamboo walking canes.” “Concealed” đồng nghĩa “hide” Câu 9: nylon Dòng 6-10 paragraph cuối trang 66: “Then in the twentieth century, new manmade fibres, such as nylon, started to be used in what had traditionally been silk products.” Vậy thứ thay “silk” “nylon” Câu 10: False dòng đầu trang 66: “It was named the Silk Road after its most precious commodity, which was considered to be worth more than gold.” Vậy “gold was the most valuable material” sai *Lưu ý: câu hỏi dùng từ “material” vật liệu nên bao gồm “silk” Câu 11: True Câu cuối paragraph trang 66: “Few merchants travelled the entire route; goods were handled mostly by a series of middle men.” “Merchants” đồng nghĩa “tradesmen” “Few merchants travelled the entire route” tức thương nhân toàn quãng đường → phần lớn thương nhân phần đường → “most tradesmen only went along certain sections” Câu 12: False Dòng 15-19 paragraph trang 66: “The Byzantines were as secretive as the Chinese, however, and for many centuries the weaving and trading of silk fabric was a strict imperial monopoly.” Câu nói việc Byzantines giữ kín công thức làm “silk” → “spread the practice of silk production” sai 146 Câu 13: Not Given Văn không so sánh lượng xuất “silk” với “silk yarn” Câu 14: False ZIM | Room 2501, VNT Building, 19 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi Dòng 5-7 paragraph trang 69: “While local gulls will dive voraciously for such a handouts, the tern flies on.” Vậy “local gulls” “migrating artic terns” phản ứng khác hẳn Câu 15: True Câu đầu paragraph trang 69: “But migration is complex issue, and biologists define it differently, depending on what sorts of animals they study.” Câu 16: Not Given Văn không nói số lượng người coi “movement of aphids” “migration” *Lưu ý: paragraph cuối trang 69 - đầu trang 70 nói “movement of aphids” để so sánh với “other forms of movement” Câu 17: True Câu cuối trang 69 đầu trang 70: “They allow for the fact that, for example, aphids will become sensitive to blue light (from the sky) when it’s time to takeoff on their big journey, and sensitive to yellow light (reflected from tender young leaves) when it’s appropriate to land” Vậy ví dụ việc “aphids’ journeys” bị ảnh hưởng ánh sáng mà nhận Câu 18: False dòng cuối paragraph đầu trang 70: “therefore helps guide researchers towards understanding how evolution has produced them all” Vậy điều Dingle mong giúp nhà nghiên cứu hiểu “how evolutions produce (migrations)” phân biệt “migratory behaviours” loài khác Câu 19: G Dòng 13 paragraph trang 69: “they tend to be linear, not zigzaggy” “Be linear” tức theo đường thẳng → “follow a straight line” Câu 20: C Dòng 13-15 paragraph trang 69: “they involved special behaviours concerning preparation (such as overfeeding)” “Overfeeding” nghĩa việc “eat more than they need for immediate purposes” 147 Câu 21: A dòng cuối paragraph trang 69: “which keeps them undistracted by tempations and undeterred by challenges that would turn other animals aside.” Việc “undeterred by challenges” đồng nghĩa “unlikely to be discouraged by difficulties” Câu 22: E ZIM | Room 2501, VNT Building, 19 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi Câu cuối cột trang 69: “Right now it is totally focused on the journey, its undivided intent is arrival.” Việc “totally focused on the journey” đồng nghĩa “ignore distractions” Phần paragraph đưa ví dụ “distractions” “nice smelly herring offered from a bird-watcher’s boat” Câu 23: speed Dòng 4-6 cột trang 70: “Pronghorn, dependent on distance vision and speed to keep safe from predators” “Distance vision” đồng nghĩa “eyesight” Câu 24: plains Dòng 6-11 paragraph trang 70: “One population, which spends the summer in the mountainous Grand Teton National Park of the western USA, follows a narrow route from its summer range in the mountains, across a river, and down onto the plains.” Vậy hè nhóm sống “national park”, đông di cư xuống “the plains” Câu 25: bottlenecks Dòng 7-4 từ lên cột trang 70: “These pronghorn are notable for the invariance of their migration route and the severity of its constriction at three bottlenecks.” Vậy “migration route” loài phải qua “three bottlenecks” Câu 26: corridor/passageway Dòng 7-11 cột trang 70: “At one of the bottlenecks, forested hills rise to form a V, leaving a corridor of open ground only about 150 metres wide, filled with private home.” Vậy “private homes” xây “corridor” (cũng điền đáp án “passageway”) Câu 27: D Câu đầu đoạn D: “Other scientists have written books to explain their fields to nonscientists, but have necessarily had to omit the mathematics, although it provides the foundation of their theories.” Việc “omit the mathematics” nghĩa bỏ phần toán học → coi người đọc “lack of mathematical knowledge” 148 Câu 28: B Câu đầu paragraph đoạn B: “In that respect, this book differs from most books on mathematics written for the general public.” Vậy cách mà sách “is not a typical books about mathematics” Câu 29: G ZIM | Room 2501, VNT Building, 19 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi paragraph đầu đoạn G: “A physician wrote…” “a lawyer made the same point” Đây “personal examples” việc toán giúp công việc họ Câu 30: C Câu cuối đoạn C: “To illustrate our human potential, I cite a structural engineer who is an artist, an electrical engineer who is an opera singer, an opera singer who published mathematical research, and a mathematician who publishes short stories.” Đây ví dụ “people who each had abilities that seemed incompatible” (“incompatible” nghĩa không tương thích → kỹ không liên quan “opera singer” “electrical engineer”) Câu 31: B dòng cuối đoạn B: “Some present the lives of colorful mathematicians Other describe the important applications of mathematics Yet others go into mathematical procedures, but assume that the reader is adept in using algebra.” Đây liệt kê “different focus” sách toán học Câu 32: E Dòng 4-5 đoạn E: “You will turn these pages much more slowly than when reading a novel or a newspaper.” “A novel” “a newspaper” “other kinds of publication” Câu 33: A Câu cuối paragraph đoạn A: “Anyone can understand every step in the reasoning.” “Every step” → bước → “the whole of the book” Câu 34: F Câu đầu đoạn F: “As I wrote, I kept in mind two types of readers” Vậy “different categories of intended readers” Câu 35: beginner dòng đầu đoạn A: “Occasionally, in some difficult musical compositions, there are beautiful, but easy parts - parts so simple a beginner could play them So it is with mathematics as well.” 149 Câu 36: arithmetic Dòng 3-5 đoạn A: “There are some discoveries in advanced mathematics that not depend on specialized knowledge, not even on algebra, geometry, or trigonometry Instead they may involve, at most, a little arithmetic” Câu 37: intuitive ZIM | Room 2501, VNT Building, 19 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi Câu cuối đoạn A: “Thus all readers will have the chance to participate in a mathematical experience, to appreciate the beauty of mathematics, and to become familiar with its logical, yet intuitive, style of thinking.” “Analytical” (phân tích) đồng nghĩa “logical” (hợp lý) → điều lại “intuitive” Câu 38: scientists Câu đầu đoạn D: “Other scientists have written books to explain their fields to nonscientists, but have necessarily had to omit the mathematics, although it provides the foundation of their theories.” Việc “omit the mathematics” đồng nghĩa “leave out the mathematics” “Provides the foundation” đồng nghĩa “central to their theories” Câu 39: experiments Câu cuối đoạn E: “It may help to have a pencil and paper ready to check claims and carry out experiments” “Carry out experiments” đồng nghĩa “perform experiments” Câu 40: theorems Dòng 2-4 paragraph đoạn G: “I attribute much of my success there to having learned, through the study of mathematics, and, in particular, theorems, how to analyze complicated principles.” “In particular” → đặc biệt phần → “even more than other” Vậy thứ “areas of mathematics” mà giúp nhiều “theorems” *Lưu ý đề dùng “other areas of mathematics” → đáp án “area of mathematics” 150 ZIM | Room 2501, VNT Building, 19 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi CAM 11 – TEST Câu 1: False Câu cuối paragraph trang 87: “Any differences between them - one twin having younger looking skin, for example - must be due to environmental factors such as less time spent in the sun.” Vậy “differences in how young the skin of identical twins looks” “environmental factors” “genetic” Câu 2: Not Given Văn không so sánh khả mắc bệnh “twins” với “non-twin” Câu 3: Not Given Văn không nói việc Bouchard có “advertised in newspaper” hay không Câu 4: True Câu đầu paragraph trang 88: “Epigenetic processes are chemical reactions tied to neither nature nor nurture but representing what researchers have called a ‘thir component’.” “Nature” “genetic” “nurture” “environmental processes” Câu 5: A Dòng 3-5 cột trang 87: “when the English scientist Francis Galton first suggested the approach (and coined the phrase ‘nature and nurture’)” “Coined the phrase” nghĩa đặt tên cho cụm từ → “invented a term” Câu 6: C Câu đầu paragraph cuối trang 88: “Having said that, Reed adds, the latest work in epigenetics promises to take our understanding even further.” “Take our understanding even further” đồng nghĩa “increase our knowledge” Câu 7: A (đáp án sai à?) dòng đầu paragraph trang 87: “The idea of using twins to measure the influence of heredity dates back to 1875, when the English scientist Francis Galton first suggested the approach “The approach” việc “measure the influence of heredity” 151 Câu 8: B (đáp án sai à?) dòng đầu paragraph trang 88: “Reed credits Thomas Bouchard’s work for today’s surge in twin studies ‘He was the trailblazer,’ she says” “Trailblazer” người tiên phong → đồng nghĩa “pioneered” ZIM | Room 2501, VNT Building, 19 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi *Lưu ý: từ “trailblazer” đoán qua việc “credits Thomas Bouchard’s work for today’s surge in twin studies” → ông mà việc “twin studies” trở nên Câu 9: B (đáp án lại sai à?) Dòng 7-13 paragraph trang 87: “with the arrival of studies into identical twins who had been separated at birth and reunited as adults Over two decades 137 sets of twins eventually visited Thomas Bouchard’s lab in what became know as the Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart.” “Separated at birth and reunited as adults” đồng nghĩa “who had lived apart” Câu 10: D - chemicals Dòng 1-2 paragraph trang 88: “Epigenetic processes are chemical reactions” → Trong “epigenetic processes” thứ gây ảnh hưởng “chemicals” Câu 11: B - organs Câu cuối paragraph trang 88: “Other epigenetic processes appear to occur randomly, while others are normal, such as those that guide embryonic cells as they become heart, brain, or liver cells, for example.” “Heart, brain, or liver cells” “internal organs” Câu 12: E - environment Câu đầu paragraph trang 88: “One way the study of epigenetics is revoluntionizing our understanding of biology is by revealing a mechanism by which the environment directly impacts on genes.” “The environment directly impacts on genes” đồng nghĩa “genes can be affected by our environment” Câu 13: F - behaviour/behavior Dòng 6-10 paragraph trang 88: “when a rat experiences stress during pregnancy, it can cause epigenetic changes in a fetus that lead to behavioral problems as the rodent grows up.” “Behavioral problems” đồng nghĩa “problems in its behaviour/behavior” 152 Câu 14: B Câu đầu paragraph trang 91: “Though we might think of film as an essentially visual experience, we really cannot afford to underestimate the importance of film sound.” “Cannot afford to underestimate the importance of film sound” đồng nghĩa với đáp án B Câu 15: A ZIM | Room 2501, VNT Building, 19 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi Dòng 7-10 paragraph trang 91: “Thus, for example, the actor Humphrey Bogart is the character Sam Spade; film personality and life personality seem to merge.” “Film personality and life personality seem to merge” đồng nghĩa “actor and character appearing to have similar personalities” Câu 16: B Dòng 9-12 dòng cuối paragraph trang 91: “For example, in the highly successful science-fiction film 2001, little dialogue was evident, and most of it was banal and of little intrinsic interest.” “inadequacy of human responses when compared with the magnificent technology created by man and the visual beauties of the universe” Vậy ví dụ việc lời thoại phim nhạt nhẽo mang dụng ý khác Câu 17: D Dòng 4-8 paragraph trang 91: “This use of dialogue underscores not only the dizzy quality of the character played by Katherine Hepburn, but also the absurdity of the film itself and thus its humor.” “The absurdity of the film itself and thus its humor” “key elements of the film” Câu 18: C dòng cuối paragraph trang 92: “the sound mixer may call attention to the ‘click’ with an increase in volume; this helps to engage the audience in a moment of suspense.” Đây việc chỉnh sửa âm (“sound mixer”) để thay đổi phản ứng khán giả Câu 19: True (đáp án ghi D???) (Đáp án từ sách bị lệch câu) dòng đầu paragraph trang 92: “We are probably all familiar with background music in films, which has become os ubiquitous as to be noticeable in its absence.” “Noticable in its absence” → dễ nhận thấy → “be surprised if a film lacks” Câu 20: True Dòng 9-10 paragraph trang 92: “In addition, background music often foreshadows a change in mood.” “Foreshadows a change in mood” đồng nghĩa “anticipate a development in a film” Câu 21: Not Given Văn không so sánh “effect” “background music” người với người 153 Câu 22: True Câu đầu paragraph trang 92: “Background music may aid viewer understanding by linking scenes.” Câu 23: False ZIM | Room 2501, VNT Building, 19 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi Dòng 6-9 paragraph cuối trang 92: “The effects of sound are often largely subtle and often are noted by only our subconscious minds.” “Often are noted by only our subconscious minds” → “be aware” sai Câu 24: C Dòng 10-13 paragraph trang 91: “These three tracks must be mixed and balanced so as to produce the necessary emphases which in turn create desired effects.” Việc “create desired effects” nghĩa tạo tác động thích hợp (lên khán giả) → “the audience’s response” Câu 25: A dòng đầu paragraph trang 91: “As is the case with stage drama, dialogues serves to tell the story and expresses feelings and motivations of characters as well.” Câu 26: E Câu đầu paragraph trang 91: “When voice textures fit the performer’s physiognomy and gestures, a whole and very realistic persona emerges.” “Voice textures fit the performer’s physiognomy and gestures” đồng nghĩa “the actor’s appearance, voice and moves are consistent with each other.” “A whole and very realistic persona emerges” đồng nghĩa “a character seems to be a real person” Câu 27: vi Dòng 3-5 đoạn A: “Compared to language, all other inventions pale in significance, since everything we have ever achieved depends on language and originates from it.” “All other inventions pale in significance” → “language is the most important invention” Đây lý mà “language is the most important invention of all” Câu 28: iv Dòng 1-2 đoạn B: “In its own right is a tool of extraordinary sophistication, yet based on an idea of ingenious simplicity” “Extraordinary sophistication” “ingenious simplicity” “apparently incompatible characteristics” 154 Câu 29: ii Câu cuối đoạn C: “But run them through the cogs and wheels of the language machine, let it arrange them in some very special orders, and there is nothing that these meaningless streams of air cannot do: from sighing the interminable boredom of existence to unravelling the fundamental order of the universe.” “From sighing the interminable boredom of existence to unravelling the fundamental order of the universe” → “convey a huge range of meaning” ZIM | Room 2501, VNT Building, 19 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi Câu 30: vii Câu đầu đoạn D: “The most extraordinary thing about language, however, is that one doesn’t have to be a genius to set its wheels in motion.” Vậy dùng “language” → “the universal ability to use language” Câu 31: i Câu đầu đoạn E: “Often, it is only the estrangement of foreign tongues, with their many exotic and outlandish features, that brings home the wonder of language’s design.” “Estrangement” khác biệt → “differences” “Brings home the wonder of language’s design” đồng nghĩa “highlight their impressiveness” Câu 32: v dòng cuối đoạn F: “The technology is so fine-tuned then that even a non-sound, when carefully placed in a particular position, has been invested with a specific function.” “Non-sound” “silence” “Invested with a specific function” đồng nghĩa “be meaningful” Câu 33: E - material Dòng 2-3 đoạn A: “Other inventions - the wheel, agriculture, sliced bread - may have transformed our material existence” “Transformed our material existence” đồng nghĩa “had a major impact on material aspects of life” Câu 34: G - fundamental Dòng 3-5 đoạn A: “Compared to language, all other inventions pale in significance, since everything we have ever achieved depends on language and originates from it.” “Everything we have ever achieved depends on language and originates from it” nghĩa thứ đạt phụ thuộc bắt nguồn từ ngôn ngữ → “Language” “fundamental” (cơ bản) 155 Câu 35: B - complex dòng đầu đoạn B: “In its own right is a tool of extraordinary sophistication, yet based on an idea of ingenious simplicity” “Ingenious simplicity” giải thích phần sau có “twenty-five or thirty sounds” → “composed of just a small number of sounds” “Extraordinary sophistication” đồng nghĩa “complex” Câu 36: F - easy ZIM | Room 2501, VNT Building, 19 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi Câu đầu đoạn D: “The most extraordinary thing about language, however, is that one doesn’t have to be a genius to set its wheels in motion.” “Doesn’t have to be a genius to set its wheels in motion” → dễ dùng → “easy to use” Câu 37: No Câu cuối đoạn A: “Without language, we could never have embarked on our ascent to unparalleled power over all other animals, and even over nature itself.” “Unparalleled power over all other animals” “their present position” Vậy “might have achieved” sai Câu 38: Yes Dòng 6-8 đoạn B: “This was how, in 1660, the renowned French grammarians of the PortRoyal abbey near Versailles distilled the essence of language” “Distilled the essence” nghĩa nắm chất ngôn ngữ → “did justice to the nature of language” “Do justice to something” nghĩa thể thứ đúng, xác Câu 39: Not Given Văn không so sánh rõ ràng việc “explained in a sentence” “in a single word” Câu 40: Yes Câu đầu đoạn F: “And if that sounds like some one-off freak, then consider Sumerian, the language spoken on the banks of the Euphrates some 5,000 years ago by the people who invented writing and thus enabled the documentation of history.” “Enabled the documentation of history” nghĩa cho phép ghi chép lịch sử → “responsible for starting the recording of events” 156 ZIM | Room 2501, VNT Building, 19 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi