CÁC TRƯỜNG HỢP KHƠNG THAY ĐỔI THÌ ĐỘNG TỪ TRONG CÂU GIÁN TIẾP - Nếu động từ mệnh đề giới thiệu dùng đơn, tiếp diễn, hồn thành tương lai đơn, động từ câu gián tiếp khơng thay đổi Eg: He says/ he is saying/ he has said/ he will say, “the text is difficult” → He says/ is saying/ has said/ will say (that) the text is difficult - Khi câu nói trực tiếp thể chân lý Eg: My teacher said “The sun rises in the East” → My teacher said (that) the sun rises in the East - Nếu lúc tường thuật, điểm thời gian đưa lời nói gián tiếp chưa qua Eg: He said, “ I will come to your house tomorrow” → He said (that) he will come to my house tomorrow - Câu trực tiếp có dạng câu điều kiện loại loại 3: Eg: He said; “If I knew her address, I would write to her” → He said that he would write to her If he knew her address Eg: She said, “If I had enough money, I would buy a new bicycle.” → She said (that) if she had enough money, she would buy a new bicycle Eg: The teacher said, “If John had studied harder, he wouldn’t have failed his exam.” → The teacher said (that) if John had studied harder, he wouldn’t have failed his exam - Khơng thay đổi mệnh đề sau “As if/ as though/ wish, It’s (high/ about) time, would rather/ sooner Eg: He said; “I wish I had a lot of money” → He wishes (that) he had a lot of money Eg: She said; “It’s about time you went to bed; children” → She told her children that It’s about time they went to bed Eg: She said; “I would rather you stayed at home” → She said that she would rather I stayed at home - Khơng thay đổi của: Could, would, might, should, ought to, had better, need - Động từ câu nói trực tiếp có năm xác định: Eg: He said, “I was born in 1980” → he said that he was born in 1980 - Mệnh đề trạng ngữ thời gian câu phức có q khứ đơn q khứ tiếp diễn Eg: “I saw him when he was going to the cinema” She said she saw him when she was going to the cinema CÁC TRƯỜNG HỢP ĐẶC BIỆT KHÁC A Có thể dùng cấu trúc whether + to V sau động từ wonder; want to know: Ex: “Shall I wait for them or go on ?”, he wondered  He wondered whether to wait for them or go on  He wondered whether he should wait for them or go on + “whether” thường dùng câu có mệnh đề điều kiện Ex: “If you get the job, will you move to New York ?”, Bill asked  Bill asked whether if I got the job, I would move to New York B Trong trêng hỵp c©u trùc tiÕp cã c¶ c©u trÇn tht lÉn c©u hái th× ®ỉi sang c©u gi¸n tiÕp, phÇn nµo vÉn cø ®ỉi theophÇn Êy Ex: He said, “I have left my watch at home Can you tell me the time ?”  He said that he had left his watch at home and asked me if I could tell him the time C Mệnh lệnh + §éng tõ têng tht lµ: ordered, commanded (ra lƯnh), requested, asked (yªu cÇu), told (b¶o lµm ) + Bỏ please câu trực tiếp S + asked/told/ordered/requested… + O + (not) to V Eg: “Please wait for a minute.” The man asked me  The man asked me to wait for a minute He said to the waiter, “ Please bring me some hot water.”  He told to the waiter to bring him some hot water I said to her “ Don’t shut the window, please.”  I asked her not to shut the window D Câu cảm thán lời nói gián tiếp: (Exclamationin reported speech) - Động từ tường thuật là: exclaim (cảm thán ) /shout (hét lên) Ex: He said, “ What a lovely garden” -> He exclaimed that they had a lovely garden - Các hình thức cảm thán bắt đầu “what’ “how” chuyển sang gián tiếp bằng: S + said that + it was … / S + exclaimed that it was … Eg1: She said; “What a pity!” -> She exclaimed that it was a pity Eg2: I said; “What a nice horse” -> I exclaimed that it was a nice hoese Eg3: He said; “How beautiful she is!”-> He exclaimed that she was beautiful! Eg4: “What a big egg” he said -> He said that it was a big egg Eg5: “ How beautiful!” he said -> He exclaimed that it was beautiful E ĐỊ nghÞ, mƯnh lƯnh, ý ®Þnh, lêi høa, lêi yªu cÇu, a Đề nghị, lời mời: -> S + invited/offered + O + to V Ex: He said, “Would you like to go out for a drink?” -> He invited me to go out for a drink She said to me; “How about some coffee” -> She invited me some coffee * Ta sử dụng “ Would you like to V / How about …/ Why don’t you + … để mời Eg: Why don’t you come to my village to have a day off? * Để đề nghị: - Would you like me to V (Bạn có muốn tơi…?) - Shall I / Can I…? Could I …? (Liệu tơi có thể…?) - I’ll … if you like (Tơi sẽ…nếu bạn muốn) Eg: Can I help you with the dishes? Shall I shut the door? Would you like a drink? Would you like to come for a meal? b u cầu: (động từ tường thuật ask) * Ta thường dùng Could you….? , Can you …? Would you mind …? Hoặc câu mệnh lệnh để u cầu “Would you mind closing the door?” → he asked me to close the door Can you close the door? Close the door ,please * Khi đòi hỏi/u cầu có thứ thường nói “I’d like…” “Can I have…?” “Could I have…?” chuyển sang gián tiếp ta áp dụng cấu trúc S + asked + O1 (người) + for + O2 (vật) Ex: In a restaurant, the man said; “I’d like a bottle of red wine, please” -> The man asked for a bottle of red wine c Khun bảo: *Lêi khuyªn thêng b¾t ®Çu b»ng: - You should / You ought to V - If I were you/ If I were in your place/shoes , I would/ should … (Câu ĐK loại với ý nghĩa lời khun) - You had better … - Why don’t you … -> S + advised + O + to V … Eg: Why don’t you repaint our room? →She advised me to repaint their room d Lời nhắc nhở Remember to V! Don’t for get to V (Hãy nhớ phải…/Đừng qn phải…) -> S + reminded + O + to V Ex: She said to me; “Don’t forget to ring me up tomorrow evening” -> She reminded me to ring her up the bext eveining e Sự đồng ý quan điểm như: all right, yes, of course S + agreed + to V… Ex: “All right, I’ll wait for you” he said -> He agreed to wait for me f Câu trực tiếp diễn tả điều mong muốn như: S + would like + O + to V mệnh đề dùng wish tương lai S + wanted + O + to V… Ex: “I’d like Lan to become a doctor / I wish Lan would become a doctor.” -> My mum wanted Lan to become a doctor g Từ chối : S + refused + to V … Eg: ‘No, I won’t lend you my car” -> He refused to lend me his car h Lời hứa: Thì Tương lai đơn câu có sắc thái lời hứa -> S + promised to V… Eg: ‘I’ll send you a card on your birthday” -> He promised to send me a card on my birthday i Đe dọa: Tương lai đơn với ý nghĩa đe dọa -> S + threatened + to V “I’ll kill you” -> He threatened to kill me j Thúc giục: Mệnh lệnh mang ý nghĩa giục giã Hurry up! Be quick! -> She urged me to hurry up/ She urged me to be quick -> S + urged + to V *** Nhiều trường hợp khác sử dụng S + V + To V là: refuse (từ chối) demand (u cầu); guarantee (đảm bảo); hope (hi vọng); propose (đề nghị); swear (thề),… Reported speech with gerund: (câu gián tiếp với DANH ĐỘNG TỪ - V_ING) - Khi lời nói gián tiếp lời gợi ý (suggest), chúc mừng (congratulate), cảm ơn (thank), xin lỗi (regret) phủ định (deny) thừa nhận (admit) A, Lêi ®Ị nghÞ, gỵi ý Shall we V/ What about V-ing/ How about V-ing/ Let’s V/ Why don’t we V / It’s a good idea -> S + suggested + (not) + V-ing … (cả người nói người nghe thực hành động) -> S1 + suggested + That + S2 + (should) + V (có thể gợi ý làm gợi ý cho riêng -> Có thể có should khơng có, V ln ngun thể) Eg: Let's go outside -> She suggested going outside/ She suggested that they should go outside B Tố cáo, buộc tội: -> Dựa vào ý nghĩa câu Ex: “You took some of my money,” he said -> He accused me of taking some of his money “You stole my car!” -> He accused me of stealing his car C Mơ ước: Để thể lời ước dùng ước tương lai cấu trúc “I want to…” S + dreamed + of + V-ing… Ex: “I want to pass the exam with flying colours,” John said -> John dreamed of passing the exam with flying colours D Sự chấp nhận/thừa nhận S + admitted + v-ing… Detective: You have stolen Mrs Brown’s car! The thief: Yes…! But… -> The thief admitted stealing/having stolen Mrs Brown’s car E Sự mong đợi (áp dụng cấu trúc sau) S + looked forward to + v-ing… Ex: “Mr.Smith: I feel like meeting our children soon” Mrs Smith: I think so -> Mr and Mrs Smith looked forward to meeting their children soon Các trường hợp khác: object to (phản đối), insist on (khăng khăng), complain about (phàn nàn), * Động từ tường thuật + O + prep + V-ing… thank O for, accuse O of (buộc tội), congratulate O on (chúc mừng), apologize (to O) for, warn O against (cảnh báo), prevent/stop O from(ngăn cản,) blame O for (đổ lỗi), blame + N + on + O (đổ việc cho ai); insist on (khăng khăng) a Cảm ơn S + thanked + O + for Ving Ex1: “It was nice of you to help me Thank you very much,” Tom said to you -> Tom thanked me for helping him b Chúc mừng S + congratulated + O + on + v-ing Ex: John said, “I heard you received the scholarship Congratulations!” -> John congratulated me on receiving the scholarship c Cương quyết, khăng khăng: S + insisted + on + v-ing… Ex: “I’ll help you with your physics exercise,” Peter said to Susan -> Peter insisted on helping Susan with her physics exercise d Cảnh báo, ngăn cản: Lời cảnh báo : be careful, be dangerous a S + warned + O + (not) to V S + warned + O + against + V-ing … ex1: “Be careful of strangers and don’t go out at night”; he said -> He warned us to be careful strangers and not to out at night Ex2: “Don’t stay at the near the airport,” I said to Ann -> I warned Ann against staying at the hotel near the airport Ex3: “Don’t go out alone at night,” I said to Linda -> I warned Linda agaisnt going out alone at night e Ngăn cản: S + prevented/ stopped + O + from + v-ing… Ex1: “Stay here! I can’t let you go out tonight,” her mother said to Jane -> Her mother prevented Jane from going out that night Ex2: “Sit here I can’t let you stand all the time,” Mary said to me -> Mary prevented me from standing all the time f Xin lỗi S + apologised + for (not) Ving/S + apologised + to O + for (not) Ving Ex2: “I’m sorry I’m late,” Peter said to his friends -> Peter apologised to his friends for being late * câu ghép mệnh lệnh “V! Don’t V!” Hoặc “Don’t V! V!” “Don’t open the big box! Open the small box!” -> She asked me to open the small box instead of opening the big box * Lời nói trực tiếp bao gồm nhiều hình thức hỗn hợp: câu khẳng định, câu hỏi, câu mệnh lệnh, câu cảm thán Eg: He said, “Can you play the guitar?” and I said “No” → He asked me if I could play the guitar and I said that I couldn’t Indirect speech with ‘must” ‘need” “have to” Must S + V…? = if S + had to Eg: “Must you get ready for the party” he said → He asked if I/ she had to get ready for the party S + must not V … = S + must not + V (khơng được) Eg: “I must not get up early tomorrow”, she said → she said that she must not get up early the next day S + needn’t V = S + needn’t have to V S + wouldn’t have to V … Eg” “I needn’t my homework” she said → She said that she needn’t have to her homework/ wouldn’t have to her homework S + needn’t V … = needn’t V Eg: “You needn’t lock the door” she said → She said that he needn’t lock the door + Need S + V …? = if S + need / had to Eg: “Need I prepare everything for the meal” she said → She asked if she need/ had to prepare everything for the meal Một số dạng đặc biệt đặc biệt :v =))))) Cơ ko biết đặt vào phần :v + “Thanks” he said → He thanked me + “Good luck” he said → He wished me good luck “Happy Christmas” he said → he wished me happy Christmas + “Congratulations” she said → He congratulated me + “Happy birthday” -> He congratulated on my birthday + The notice said ‘Welcome to Bacgiang” →The notice welcomed visitors to Bac giang + “No/ Yes” Eg: “Did you have a good time” he said; “yes’ I said → He asked me if I had had a good time and I said I had “Have you done your work?” he said “ No” I said → He asked me if I had done my work and I said I hadn’t + Good morning/ evening/ hello → S + greet + O