I HC QUC GIA H NI TRNG I HC KHOA HC T NHIấN ======= Phm Th Vui XC NH NHễM T DUNG DCH THM PHN MU M C TRONG IU TR SUY THN BNG PHNG PHP QUANG PH HP TH NGUYấN T KHễNG NGN LA LUN VN THC S KHOA HC H Ni - 2016 I HC QUC GIA H NI TRNG I HC KHOA HC T NHIấN ======= Phm Th Vui XC NH NHễM T DUNG DCH THM PHN MU M C TRONG IU TR SUY THN BNG PHNG PHP QUANG PH HP TH NGUYấN T KHễNG NGN LA Chuyờn ngnh: Húa phõn tớch Mó s: 60440118 LUN VN THC S KHOA HC NGI HNG DN KHOA HC PGS TS NGUYN VN RI H Ni - 2016 LI CM N hon thnh lun ny, tụi xin by t lũng bit n sõu sc ti PGS.TS Nguyn Vn Ri ó tn tỡnh hng dn v to mi iu kin giỳp tụi sut quỏ trỡnh hc v thc hin lun Tụi xin chõn thnh cm n cỏc thy cụ giỏo ging dy ti khoa Hoỏ, c bit l cỏc thy cụ b mụn Hoỏ Phõn tớch ó cho tụi nhng kin thc quý giỏ quỏ trỡnh hc cng nh cụng tỏc Tụi cng xin cm n Ban lónh o cụng ty, cỏc anh ch em ng nghip ti cụng ty TNHH B Braun Vit Nam ó to iu kin cho tụi quỏ trỡnh hc v nghiờn cu Cui cựng tụi xin gi li cm n ti gia ỡnh, bn bố ó luụn giỳp , chia s khú khn v ng viờn tụi hon thnh lun ny H Ni, ngy 01 thỏng 03 nm 2016 Hc viờn Phm Th Vui MC LC CHNG I: TNG QUAN Error! Bookmark not defined 1.1 Nhụm v nh hng ca nhụm i vi sc khe ngiError! not defined 1.2 Bookmark Tớnh cht lý hc, húa hc ca nhụm [3] Error! Bookmark not defined 1.2.1 Tớnh cht lý hc Error! Bookmark not defined 1.2.2 Tớnh cht húa hc Error! Bookmark not defined 1.3 Dung dch thm phõn mỏu m c Error! Bookmark not defined 1.4 Cỏc phng phỏp phõn tớch nhụm muError! Bookmark not defined 1.4.1 Phng phỏp AAS [2] Error! Bookmark not defined 1.4.2 Phng phỏp ICP- AES [1] Error! Bookmark not defined 1.4.3 Phng phỏp ICP-MS [1] Error! Bookmark not defined 1.4.4 Phng phỏp o quang ph hunh quang Error! Bookmark not defined 1.4.5 Thc t phõn tớch nhụm ti n v Error! Bookmark not defined CHNG II: THC NGHIM V PHNG PHP NGHIấN CU Error! Bookmark not defined 2.1 Mc ớch nghiờn cu Error! Bookmark not defined 2.2 Ni dung nghiờn cu Error! Bookmark not defined 2.2.1 Ti u húa iu kin xỏc inh nhụm bng phng phỏp GF- AASError! Bookmark not defined 2.2.2 Ti u chng trỡnh lũ Error! Bookmark not defined 2.2.3 Kho sỏt cht ph gia lm gim nh hng ca nn muError! Bookmark not defined 2.2.4 ỏnh giỏ, thm nh phng phỏp xỏc nh nhụm bng GF-AAS:Error! Bookmark not defined 2.2.5 ng dng phõn tớch mu thc t Error! Bookmark not defined 2.3 Dng c v húa cht Error! Bookmark not defined 2.3.1 H mỏy AAS Error! Bookmark not defined 2.3.2 Cỏc dng c khỏc Error! Bookmark not defined 2.3.3 Húa cht Error! Bookmark not defined 2.4 Chun b mu Error! Bookmark not defined CHNG III: KT QU V THO LUN Error! Bookmark not defined 3.1 Ti u húa iu kin xỏc inh Al bng phng phỏp GF- AAS Error! Bookmark not defined 3.1.1 Kho sỏt rng v chiu cao khe o Error! Bookmark not defined 3.1.2 Kho sỏt loi axit v nng axit pha nnError! Bookmark not defined 3.1.3 Kho sỏt nh hng ca nn mu Error! Bookmark not defined 3.1.4 Kho sỏt chng trỡnh lũ Error! Bookmark not defined 3.1.5 Kho sỏt cht ph gia Error! Bookmark not defined 3.2 Xỏc nh khong tuyn tớnh v lp phng trỡnh ng chun Error! Bookmark not defined 3.2.1 Kho sỏt khong tuyn tớnh Error! Bookmark not defined 3.2.2 Lp phng trỡnh ng chun Error! Bookmark not defined 3.3 ỏnh giỏ phng phỏp Error! Bookmark not defined 3.3.1 ỏnh giỏ ỳng v chớnh xỏc Error! Bookmark not defined 3.3.2 ỏnh giỏ lp li Error! Bookmark not defined 3.3.3 Gii hn phỏt hin (LOD) Error! Bookmark not defined 3.3.4 Gii hn nh lng (LOQ) Error! Bookmark not defined 3.4 Phõn tớch mu thc t Error! Bookmark not defined 3.4.1 Kt qu phõn tớch hm lng Al mt s mu thc t.Error! Bookmark not defined 3.4.2 Nghiờn cu n nh ca hm lng Al mu qua thi gian bo qun Error! Bookmark not defined KT LUN Error! Bookmark not defined DANH MC CC BNG BIU CHNG I: Bng 1.1: Thnh phn ca dung dch thm phõn mỏu m c HD-144A Error! Bookmark not defined Bng 1.2: Thnh phn ca dung dch thm phõn mỏu m c HD-1B Error! Bookmark not defined Bng 1.3: Cỏc iu kin xỏc nh nhụm nc ngm bng k thut GF-AAS trờn hai mỏy a: Spectra-20 Plus spectrometer v b: AAnalyst 300spectrometer Error! Bookmark not defined Bng 1.4: Cỏc iu kin xỏc nh nhụm dung dch thm phõn mỏu m c bng k thut GF-AAS trờn mỏy Perkin Elmer 3030 Error! Bookmark not defined CHNG III: Bng 3.1: Chng trỡnh lũ mc nh ca mỏy Error! Bookmark not defined Bng 3.2: Kt qu hp th ca dung dch Al 50ppb thay i khe o Error! Bookmark not defined Bng 3.3: Kt qu kho sỏt axit pha nn Error! Bookmark not defined Bng 3.4: Thnh phn cỏc cht nn mu Error! Bookmark not defined Bng 3.5: Kt qu kho sỏt nh hng ca NaCl Error! Bookmark not defined Bng 3.6: Kt qu kho sỏt nh hng ca NaHCO3Error! Bookmark not defined Bng 3.7: Kt qu kho sỏt nh hng ca Na2EDTAError! Bookmark not defined Bng 3.8: Kt qu kho sỏt nh hng tng hp ca nn muError! Bookmark not defined Bng 3.9: Kt qu kho sỏt nhit v thi gian sy (bc 1)Error! Bookmark not defined Bng 3.10: Kt qu kho sỏt nhit v thi gian sy (bc 2)Error! Bookmark not defined Bng 3.11: Kt qu kho sỏt nhit v thi gian tro húa (bc 3)Error! Bookmark not defined Bng 3.12: Kt qu kho sỏt nhit nguyờn t húa (bc 4)Error! Bookmark not defined Bng 3.13: Chng trỡnh lũ ti u Error! Bookmark not defined Bng 3.14: Kt qu hp th ca mu sau ó ti u chng trỡnh lũ Error! Bookmark not defined Bng 3.15: Kt qu kho sỏt loi v hm lng cht ph gia: Error! Bookmark not defined Bng 3.16: Kt qu kho sỏt khong tuyn tớnh Error! Bookmark not defined Bng 3.17: Kt qu dng ng chun Error! Bookmark not defined Bng 3.18: thu hi ca cỏc im chun ng chunError! Bookmark not defined Bng 3.19: Kt qu ỏnh giỏ ỳng v chớnh xỏcError! Bookmark not defined Bng 3.20: Kt qu ỏnh giỏ lp li, tỏi lp li Error! Bookmark not defined Bng 3.21: Kt qu o tớn hiu ca mu trng Error! Bookmark not defined Bng 3.22: Kt qu phõn tớch mt s mu thc t Error! Bookmark not defined Bng 3.23: Kt qu phõn tớch Al qua thi gian bo qunError! Bookmark not defined DANH MC CC HèNH CHNG I: Hỡnh 1.1 : th th hin mi quan h gia D v C Error! Bookmark not defined Hỡnh 1.2 : S thit b AAS Error! Bookmark not defined Hỡnh 1.3: Hỡnh nh mỏy AAS Error! Bookmark not defined Hỡnh 1.4: Mụ t cỏc quỏ trỡnh xy lũ graphitError! Bookmark not defined Hỡnh 1.5: S mỏy ICP-AES Error! Bookmark not defined Hỡnh 1.6: Vựng trung gian ca thit b ICP-MS (PerkinElmer, Inc.)Error! Bookmark not defined Hỡnh 1.7: S mỏy o quang ph hunh quang Error! Bookmark not defined CHNG II: Hỡnh 2.1: H mỏy Aanalyst A400 ca hóng Perkin ElmerError! Bookmark not defined Hỡnh 2.2: B phn nguyờn t húa Error! Bookmark not defined Hỡnh 2.3: Cuvet graphit Error! Bookmark not defined CHNG III: Hỡnh 3.1: th biu din hp th ca Al thờm NaCl Error! Bookmark not defined Hỡnh 3.2: th biu din hp th ca Al thờm NaHCO3Error! Bookmark not defined Hỡnh 3.3: th biu din hp th ca Al thờm Na2EDTAError! Bookmark not defined Hỡnh 3.4: th biu din mi quan h gia nng Al v hp th Error! Bookmark not defined Hỡnh 3.5: Phng trỡnh ng chun Al Error! Bookmark not defined Hỡnh 3.6: Biu th hin hm lng Al theo thi gianError! Bookmark not defined DANH MC CC CH VIT TT Ch vit tt T Ting Anh tng ng Ngha Ting Vit amu Atomic mass unit n v lng nguyờn t F-AAS Flame Atomic Absorption Phng phỏp quang ph hp th Spectrometry nguyờn t k thut ngn la Graphite Furnace Atomic Phng phỏp quang ph hp th Absorption Spectrometry nguyờn t khụng ngn la( lũ GF- AAS graphit) Phng phỏp ph plasma cao tn cm ng Inductively Couped Plasma- Phng phỏp phõn tớch quang Atomic Emission Spectrometry ICP-AES Inductively Couped PlasmaMass Spectrometry ICP-MS ph phỏt x nguyờn t ngun plasma cm ng cao tn LOD Limit of detection Gii hn phỏt hin LOQ Limit of quantitation Gii hn nh lng Na2EDTA Ethylenedinitrilotetraacetic acid inatrietyleninitrilotetraaxetat disodium salt ppb Part per billion Nng phn t (àg/L) ppm Part per million Nng phn triu (mg/L) R Correlation coefficient H s tng quan %RSD Relative standard deviation lch chun tng i SD Standard deviation lch chun TDS Total dissolved solid Tng cht rn hũa tan M U Khi bnh nhõn b suy thn giai on cui, chc nng ca c hai qu thn ó b mt hon ton hoc gn hon ton cu sng bnh nhõn v trỡ cuc sng lõu di, cn phi iu tr thay th thn bng lc mỏu hoc ghộp thn Nhng ghộp thn ũi hi chi phớ tng i cao v khú tỡm c thn tng thớch nờn Vit Nam hin a s bnh nhõn suy thn tớnh ang c tin hnh lc mỏu ngoi c th qua mỏy chy thn nhõn to Dung dch thm phõn mỏu m c (dch chy thn nhõn to) l mt dung dch bao gm nc tinh khit v cỏc cht khỏc c hũa tan ú Cỏc cht hũa tan dch chy thn nhõn to hu ht l cỏc cht in gii (tr glucose) Nng ca chỳng (ngoi kali v cht m) pha loóng gn ging vi nng ca cht in phõn xy t nhiờn mỏu Dch chy thn nhõn to cú chc nng iu chnh in gii v cõn bng axit-baz ca bnh nhõn lc mỏu v loi b cht thi Nhụm dung dch chy thn nhõn to cú th gõy cỏc bin chng nh h huyt ỏp, bun nụn v nụn, chut rỳt, au u, au ngc, au lng, st v n lnh, nga nu hm lng vt quỏ gii hn cho phộp Tiờu chun dc in Anh [7] quy nh hm lng nhụm dch lc thn khụng c quỏ 100ppb Vỡ vy vic xỏc nh hm lng nhụm dung dch thm phõn mỏu m c l ht sc cn thit Trc õy, ti cụng ty TNHH B Braun Vit Nam, nhụm c th gii hn bng cỏch chit bng dung mụi hu c sau ú o ph hunh quang, lm song song mu th v mu chun (0.1mg/L) sau ú so sỏnh cng ph o c Nhng vi mc ớch hn ch vic s dng dung mụi hu c v xõy dng phng phỏp nh lng nhụm phc v cho cỏc mc ớch khỏc, lun ny nghiờn cu xỏc nh nhụm bng phng phỏp quang ph hp th nguyờn t khụng ngn la l iu cú ý ngha khoa hc v thc tin TI LIU THAM KHO Ting Vit Trn T Hiu (2003), Cỏc phng phỏp phõn tớch cụng c, Nh xut bn i hc quc gia H Ni, H Ni Phm Lun (2006), Phng phỏp phõn tớch ph nguyờn t, Nh xut bn i hc quc gia H Ni, H Ni Hong Nhõm (2006), Húa hc Vụ c 2, Nh xut bn Giỏo dc, H Ni Ting Anh Ahad Bavili Tabrizi (2007), Cloud point extraction and spectrofluorimetric determination of aluminium and zinc in foodstuffs and water samples, Food Chemistry, 100, 1698-1703 Bettinelli M., Baroni U.,Fontana F.,& Poisetti P (1985), Evaluation of the LVov platform and matrix modification for the determination of aluminium in serum, Analyst, 110, 19-22 Clemens Reimanna U., Ulrich Siewersb, Helge Skarphagenc, David Banks (1999), Influence of filtration on concentrations of 62 elements analysed on crystalline bedrock groundwater samples, The Science of Total Environment, 231, 155173 Council of British Pharmacopoeia (2013), British Pharmacopoeia 2013, volume III, Stationary Office, United Kingdom Erdemoglu S.B., Pyrzyniska K., Gucer S (2000), Speciation of aluminum in tea infusion by ion-exchange resins and flame AAS detection, Analytica Chimica Acta, 411,8189 Exley C., Burget E., Day J.P., Jeffery E.H., Melethil S., Yokel R.A (1996), Aluminum toxicokinetics, Toxicol Environ Health, 48, 569 10 Flaten T.P., A.C Alfrey, J.D Birchall,al J Savory, R.A Yokel (1996), Status and future concerns of clinical and environmental aluminum toxicology, Toxicol Environ Health, 48, 527 11 Ganrot P.O (1986), Metabolism and possible health effects of aluminum., Environ Health Perspect, 65, 363 12.Gardiner P.E., Ottaway, J.M., Fell,G.S &Halls, D.J (1981) , Determination of aluminium in blood plasma or serum by electrothermal atomic absorption spectroscopy, Analytica Chimica Acta, 128, 57-66 13 Gregory Lewis, Stoyan Gaydardzhiev, David Bastin, Pierre-Franỗois Bareel (2011 ), Bio hydrometallurgical recovery of metals from Fine Shredder Residues, Mineral Engineering, 24, 166-1171 14 Halls, J & Fell, G.S (1985), Determination of aluminium in dialysis fluids by atomic absorption spectroscopy with electrothermal atomization Analyst, 110, 243-246 15 Hikmet OZKAN M (2002), Determination of Calcium, Magnesium and Aluminium in Magmatic Rocks after Ultrasonic Leaching by Flame AAS Turk J Chem, 26, 711 724 16 ICH (1994), Validation of analytical procedures: text and methodology, 1-13 17 IUPAC (1987), Determination of aluminium in biological materials by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS), Pure and Appl Chem, 59 (2), 221-228 18 Jean A T Pennington (1987), Aluminium content of foods and diets, Food additives contaminant, 5, 161-232 19 John Daugirdas T., Peter Blake G., Todd S Ing (2007), Handbook of dialysis, Fourth Edition, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, USA, 79, 694- 715 20 Komarek, R Cervenka, T Ruzicka, V Kuban (2007), ET-AAS determination of aluminium in dialysis concentrates after continuous flow solvent extraction, Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, ,504509 21 Luo M.B., Bi S.P (2003), Solid phase extraction-spectrophotometric determination of dissolved aluminum in soil extracts and ground waters, Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry, 97, 173178 22 Marcin Frankowski, Anetta Zioa-Frankowska, Iwona Kurzyca, Karel Novotny, Tomas Vaculovic , Viktor Kanicky, Marcin Siepak, Jerzy Siepak (2011), Determination of aluminium in groundwater samples by GF-AAS, ICP-AES, ICP-MS and modelling of inorganic aluminium complexes, Environ Monit Assess, 182, 71-84 23 Maurizio Aceto, Ornella Abollino, Maria Concetta Bruzzoniti, Edoardo Mentasti, Corrado Sarzanini & Mery Malandrino (2010), Determination of metals in wine with atomic spectroscopy (flame-AAS, GF-AAS and ICP-AES), Food Additives and Contaminant, 19 (2), 126-133 24 Najam-ul-Haq M., Rainer M., Schwarzenauer T., Huck C.W , Bonn G.K (2005), Chemically modified carbon nanotubes as material enhanced laser desorption ionisation (MELDI) material in protein profiling, Analytica Chimica Acta, 561, 3239 25 Salma M.Z Al-Kindy , Aamna Al-Hinai, Nawal K Al-Rasbi, Fakhr Eldin O Suliman, Haider J Al-Lawati (2015), Spectrofluorimetric determination of aluminium in water samples using N-((2-hydroxynaphthalen-1-yl)methylene) acetylhydrazide, Journal of Taibah University for Science, 9, 601-609 26 Saritha B., Sreenivasulu Reddy T (2014), Direct Spectrophotometric determination of Aluminum (III) using 5-bromo-2-hydroxy-3- methoxybenzaldehyde-P-hydroxybenzoic hydrazone, IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry, 2278-5736, Volume 7, Issue 2, 2278-2336 27 Slavin W., Carnrick G.R & Manning, D.C (1984), Chloride interferences in graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy, Analytical Chemistry, 56, 163-168 28 Soumaya Gharbi, Bassen Jamoussi (2012), Determination of aluminium with 8hydroxyquinoline in the hemodialysis waters by liquid chromatography of reversed phase polarity, international journal of science and research, (8), 1945-1951 29 Sumaira Khan, Tasneem G Kazi, Nida F Kolachi , Jameel A Baig , Hassan I Afridi , Faheem Shah (2011), A simple separationpreconcentration method for the determination of aluminum in drinking water and biological sample, Desalination, 281, 215220 30 Shokrollahi A., Ghaedi M., Niband M.S., Rajabi H.R (2008), Selective and sensitive spectrophotometric method for determination of sub-micro-molar amounts of aluminium ion, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 151, 642-648 31.Tabrizi A.(2007), Cloud point extraction and spectrofluorimetric determination of aluminium and zinc in foodstuffs and water samples, Food Chemistry, 100, 16981703 32 Tomljenovic L (2011), Aluminum and Alzheimer's disease: after a century of controversy, is there a plausible link?, Journal of Alzheimers Disease, 23 (4), 567-98 33 Trond Peder Flaten (2002), Aluminium in tea concentrations, speciation and bioavailability, Coordination Chemistry Reviews, 228, 385-395 34 Wieteska E., Drzewinska A (1999), The role of sample pre-treatment in analysis of aluminium traces in food by GFAAS, Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, Vol 8, No 3, 189-196 35.Wills M.R., Savory J., Lancett, (1983), 29 36.Woolfson David A and Gillian M Gracey (1987), Matrix Effects in the Determination of Aluminium in Dialysis Fluids by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry, Analyst, 112, 1387-1389 37.Woolfson David A.and Gillian M Gracey (1988), Methods for determination of trace aluminium contamination in dialysis fluids, Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, 13, 243-248