VIltN KHOA HOC XA HQI VIltT NAM TOM TAT vA KIEN NGHI "LlCH BE TAl KHOA HQC CAP BQ sa, HleN T~NG vA NHUNG VAN DE CAP BAcH ? A ? _ CUA VI~T NGU HQC Chu nhi~m Vcii de tai: TS Nguyen a VI~T NAM" A Huy Ciin sl/c9ng tac cua: PGSTS va Kim Bang, PGS.TS va Thj Thanh Hltdng, GS.TS Nguyen van Lc;1i, PGS.TS Ha Quang Nang, GS.TSKH Ly Toan Thang, TS Ph~m Tat Thang, TS Chu Bich Thu va m(>t56 can b(>nghiem CLtuVi~n Thong tin khoa h9Cxa h(>iva Vi~n Ngon ngli h9C• Cd quan chu tri de tai: VI~N THONG TIN KHOA HQC xA HQI VI~N KHOA HQC xA HQI VI~T NAM Glcn De tai Tm~u CHUNG baa gom nhang n9i dung chinh saUo day: Trinh bay khai quat sl! phat trien cua Vi~t ngO hQc thai ky cau truc lu~n va h~u C8Utruc lu~n vOi nhOng tvu tieu bieu ij cac cap d¢: ngO am, ngO phap, tlI vvng; va cac xu hLIang nghien c(tlJ mai : ngO dl,mg hQc, ngon ngO hQc xa h¢i, ngon ngO hQc tam Iy, ngon ngO hQc tri nh~n; nhOng van de cap bach cua Vi~t ngO hQc vi~c bao v~ va phat trien tieng Vi~t thai ky cong nghi~p hoa, hi~n d~i hoa va toan C8U hoa nen kinh te ; vi~c d~y tieng Vi~t cho hQc sinh ngLIai Kinh, d~y Mng Vi~t cho hQc sinh dan t¢c thieu s6, d~y Mng Vi~t cho ngLIai nLIac ngoai; Vi~t ngO hQc vai cong ngh~ thong tin; Vi~t ngO hQcvOi b~nh Iy ngon ngO (khOi phl,lc ngon ngO cho b~nh nhan bj tOn thLIong ho~c r6i lo~n chuc nang quan, d~y tre cam diec va ch~m phat trien tri tu~); ve sl! phat trien cua cac trung tam nghien cCru, giang d~y Vi~t ngO hQc va d¢i ngO Vi~t ngO hQc ij Vi~t Nam hi~n VOi nhOng n¢i dung nghien cCruneu tren, de tai dLIgc chia lam nh6m van de: 1) NhOng van de Iy thuyet Vi~t ngO hQc 2) NhOng van de thl!C tien va Crngdl,lng cua Vi~t ngO hQc hi~n 3) Ve sl! phat trien cac trung tam nghien cCru,giang d~y Vi~t ngO hQc va d¢i ngu Vi~t ngO hQc ij Vi~t Nam Ml;IC Il;IC: -T6m tat de taL Tr.3 -Kien nghj Tr.46 TOM TAT nt TAl KHOA HOC CAP BQ "LlCH sir m~N TR~NG vA NHlJNG VAN nt CAP BAcH CUA VI~T NGU VI~T NAM" PHAN THll NHAT NHUNG VAN I 81;1' DE: LV THUYET TRONG VltT NGU HQC phat tri~n eua Vi~t ngu hQC va nhfrng anh hU'(Yngcua cac ngon ngu hQc hi~n d~i thOi o day chung ky diu Iy thuyet truc lu~n va h~u cau true lu~n Wi trinh bay khai quat s1;lphat tri~n cua ngon ngu hQc hi~n d~i v6i s1;lchuy~n huang ve ml;lc tieu, d6i tuqng nghien CUuva S1;l hat tri~n cua p Vi~t ngu hQc truac nhUng anh huang cua cac ly thuyet ngon ngu hQc hi~n d~i thai ky c~u truc lu~n (khoang nhUng nam 50-80 the ky XX) va h~u c~u truc lu~n (khoang tu 1990 den nay) a Vi~t nam Tren co sa do, buac d~u chung toi thu tra 1m cho cac cau hoi sau: 1) Vi~t ngu hQc co theo lqp s1;lphat tri~n ngon ngu hQc hi~n d~i tren the a gi6i va S1;l oa nh~p cua Vi~t ngu hQC Vi~t Nam vao the gi6i co bi "ch~m tr~" h hay khong? 2) Ve tinh hi~u l1;lccua cac ly thuyet ngon ngu hQc hi~n d~i v6i Vi~t ngu hQc, hay 13 cach t'rng xu cua cac nha Vi~t ngu hQC a Vi~t Nam d6i v6i cac ly thuyet ngon ngu hQc hi~n d~i? 3) De c~p m¢t s6 v~n de c~p thiet ve ly lu~n va th1;lcti~n cua Vi~t ngu hQC a Vi~t Nam hi~n nay? Nhln m¢t cach khai quat Vi~t ngu hQc phat tri~n tren co sa tiep thu cac ly thuyet ngon ngu hQc d~i cuang, v6i m¢t h~ th6ng cac quan di~m va cac khai ni~m chu yeu cua cac trub'ng phai, khuynh huang cua ngon ngu hQc hi~n d~i m¢t cach co chQn lQc, tu lam sang to va co nhUng b6 sung nh~t dinh cho cac ly thuyet ngon ngu hQc d~i cuang tren co sa nghien CUu nhUng d~c thu cua lo~i hinh dan l~p cua tieng Vi~t va van hoa Vi~t Sau day chung toi tom luqc s1;lphat tri~n cua Vi~t ngu hQc cac c~p d¢ ngon ngu va a nhUng xu huang nghien CUum6i tu khoang nhUng nam 50 the ky truac den Cac giai do~n nghien cuu ngu phap tieng Vi~t va cac Iy thuyet 81;1' fmh hUOng cua ngon ngfr hQc hi~n d~i a) ThUi ky call truc lut)n - nghien cftu phltO'1igdifn "trnh" Vift (khoang nhftng niim 50 - 80 the' ky XX) ngft phap tie'ng Neu khong k~ nhfrng cong trinh nghien cUu truO'cdo (nhu cua Nguyen Lan,1956), ngu phap tieng Vi~t chu yeu mo phong ngu phap cua cac ngon ngu chau Au (chu yeu la tieng Phap) thl vao thai ky nhfrng nam 1950 - 1980, cac hQc gia b mien Bfic·nhu: Nguyen Lan, Nguyen Kim Than, Hoang Tu~, LUll Van Lang, Nguyen Tai can va cac hQc gia b mien Nam nhu: Le Van LY;·Truong Van Chlnh, Nguyen Hien Le, Bui Duc Tinh , Tran NgQc Ninh , cac cong trinh cua hQ, chu yeu theo xu huang cua chu nghia dlu truc b cac muc dtcach nhin bao quat hau het cac ph~ vi ho~t d(>ngcua tir, va la m(>tquan ni~m mm dang chu cua tac gia Nhung van d~ phuc t~p v~ nghla cua tir, neu xem xet m(>tkhung canh r(>nghon, theo chung toi c6 Ie can phai duqc nhin nh~n m6i lien quan vm tArn 19ngon ngfr hQc,xii h(>ingon ngfr hQc va d~c bi~t la m6i quan h~ ngon ngfr va tu vi~c xem xet cai thl!c t~ duqc "co dQng" tri 6c cua chu th~ ngon ngfr Sl! phat tri~n cac bmon co tinh lien nganh ma gan day duqc nhi~u nha Vi~t ngfr hQc quan tam D6 la ngfr d\lng hQc,ngon ngfr hQc xii h(>i,ngonngfr hQctam 19 (tam 19ng6n ngfr hQc),ng6n ngfr hQctri nh~n a Phuong di~n ngfr d\lng hQC Vi~t Nam duqc phat tri~n kha m~nh me vao khoang nhfing nlim cu6i cua the ky truac, tieu bi~u la cac c6ng trinh nhu: "Ng6n ngfr hQc d~i cuong: Ngfr d\lng hQc" (T.l,200l) cua Db Hfru Chau, "Ngfr d\lng hQc" (1998) cua Nguy~n Duc Dan, "D\lng hQc Vi~t Ngfr" cua Nguy~n Thi~n - Chuy~n tir am thanh chfr viet (Speech to Text - STT) Chuy~n tir tieng Vi~t chfr Vi~t la vfin d~ phuc t(;lp.Cho den chi co D~ tai thuQc Chuong trinh KHCN01- 03 giai dO(;ln2001 - 2004 tien hanh cac buac thir nghi~m M1;lctieu cua d~ tai la nghien CUllcac phuong phap nh~n d(;lng cau lien Wc tieng Vi~t v6'i IUQ'ngtir vtplg CO' ho va trung binR Sau d~t duQ'c n nhfrng ket qua va kinh nghi~m t(;lOl~p co sa dfr li~u (CSDL) ngfr am va danh gia giai phap, tien t6'i nh~n d(;lngcau lien t1;lcv6'i luqng tir vtplg Ian cac van d~ sau dang duQ'cgiai quyet: - Nghien cUll, phAn dch cac d~c trung ngfr am, th6ng s6 cua tieng Vi~t, van ph(;lmtieng Vi~t ph1;lcVl! cho nh~ d(;lfigtieng noi, d~c bi~t la cac vfin d~ lien quan den di~u va dQ dai cua cac ph1;lam dau va van - Nghien CUllmQt s6 khia c(;lfihcua ng6n ngfr tieng Vi~t, d~c bi~t v~ tir vtplg hQc (lexicon), ngfr am va van ph~ tieng Vi~t (grammar) XAy dl!J1g module phAn tich van ban tieng Vi~t (VTA) chuan hoa van ban, tim kiem ket thuc cAu, phAn lap tir sir d1;lngm6 hinh ng6n ngfr v6'i cac phep lam tron, phAn lap van ban theo ti'rng chii d~, tim kiem tir khoa van ban, phAn dO(;lntir va gan nhlin tir lO(;litrong van ban, xAy dl!J1gbQ van ph~ tieng Vi~t (1h1gd1;lngcho ca t6ng hQ'pva nh~n d(;lngtieng Vi~t) - Nghien coo d~ t(;lO CSDL cac mAu cAu d~ t(;lotham s6 hufin luy~n cho l~p m6 hinh muc: am tiet - am vi - am hQC - Nghien coo bai toan nh~ d(;lngtieng noi lien Wc tren CSDL tir vtplg CO' ·nho, trung binh, tien t6'i Ian CSDL Ian cac m6 hinh va giai phap sau da: duQ'c khao sat va ap d1;lngC1;lh~ d~ phat tri~n cac chuong trinh nh~n d(;lng cAu l~nh t lien t1;lc,cac chfr s6 tieng Vi~t phat Amlien t1;lc c Djch tl! d9ng MQt xu huang mm nhfrng nam gan dAy la t~n d1;lngkhai thac kho tang kh6ng 16 cac van ban dich nhi~u thu tieng, thuQc du th~ lO(;linhu van hQc, bao chi, han lam hay lu~t hQc Vi~c sir d1;lngkho tai nguyen g6m cac ban dich da phan co chat luqng rat t6t d~ xAy dl!J1gcac bQ nha dich hay cac bQ tir vtplg da ngfr cac h~ th6ng dich may co ve la mQt giai phap hQ'p H cach ·khai thac kho van ban'dich da ngfr hay gQi la van ban song song (parallel texts) la thl!c hi~n vi~c d6ng hang (alignment), tuc la tim kiem tl! dQng cac tuang rrng dich cac van ban v6n duQ'cdich tir cung mQt van ban g6c nao d6 Cac tuang rrng dich c6 the cac muc dQ chi tiet khac nhau: c6 chi doi hoi it chi tiet Ia muc do~n, ph6 bien nh~t la muc cau, va chi tiet,'H tu6ng hanla muc ngfr do~n ho~c tir Tuy nhien, vi~c dich tl! gifi'a hai ngon ngfi'nh~t la hai ngon ngfi' c6 lo~i K A hinh khac bi~t nhu tieng Vi~t va cac ngon ngfi'An - Au (vi dv dich Anh - Vi~t ho~c Vi~t - Anh) v~n la mQt thach thuc va doi hoi phai c6 sl! phan tich d~c diem cua tUng ngon ngfi' v~ nghfa eua tit va eau true ngil phap cua tirng ngon ngfi'mQt cach cong phu, ti mi d6 c6 vai tro Ian cua nhUng ngum lam ngon ngfi'hQc d Mo hinh tir diln di~nta Khac vm cac tir dien tren may tinh danh cho eon ngum nhu L~c Vi~t Tu dien, Click and See hay Kim tu dien tu dien di~n tu duQ'cthiet ke rieng cho cac rrng dVng xU ly ngon ngfi' tl! nhien nhu dich may, tra 1m tl! dQng Vi v~y h~ th6ng ngfi'ngma (cach bieu dien nghia cua tir) tu dien di~n tu khong duQ'c luu trfi'dum d~g ngon ngfi'tl! nhien nhu tu dien thong thuang ma phai mQt s6 d~g d~c bi~t de may Hnh c6 the xu ly duQ'c nhu m~ng ngfi' nghia, frame Nhilng van d~ cap bach va kien nght Trong sl! nghi~p cong nghi~p h6a, hi~n d~i h6a cua d~t nuac, cong ngh~ thong tin d6ng mQt vai tro r~t quan trQng, d6 c6 nhUng l'inh Vl!clien quan den vi~c nghien coo va xu ly tieng Vi~t doi hoi mQt sl! ph6i hqp ch~t che gifi'a gim Vi~t ngfi'hQCva gim cong ngh~ thong tin Di~u c6 y nghia to Ian giai do~n hi~n va sau b6i Ie: - Cong ngh~ thong tin c6 th~ su dVng tri~t de cac ket qua nghien coo cua nghanh Vi~t ngfi'hQCde t~o nhfi'ngsan phfun rrng dVng phvc V\l xli hQi Ban than nhfi'ng ngum lam cong ngh~ thong tin khong m~t nhi~u thm gian d6i vm vi~c xu ly tieng Vi~t ma c6 di~u ki~n t~p trung han vao cae giai phap cong ngh~ d6i vm cac san phfun tin hQc - Blm than nhfrng dbi hoi cua cong ngh~ thong tin se la dQng ll!c cho vi~c phat tri~n nganh Vi~t ngfr hQcd~c bi~t la cac HnhVl!cnghien cUuco kha nang s6 hoa cac d~c di~m cua tieng Vi~t Trong giai do~n hi~n nay, cac van de sau cua cong ngh~ thong tin lien quan den Vi~t ngfr hQcc~n duqc chu y, dola: - Tdng hqp va nh~n d~ng tieng Vi~t - Dich tl! dQng ngo~i ngfr tieng Vi~t va nguqc l~ sa Ngoai vi~c xay dl!ilg ca dfr li~u (CSDL) tieng Vi~t (am va chii' viet) vm dung Iuqng Ian phl;lCVl;l ho ca nghien cUu ca ban va nghien CUul1ng c dl;lngIa mQt nQi dung quan trQng Day Ia mQt van de Ian duqc coi Ia ngu6n tai nguyen cho ca nganh ngon ngfr hQCva cong ngh~ th()ng tin, c~ duqc ca nganh ngon ngfrhQCva c()ng ngh~ thong tin cung quan tam va hqp tac VIll vItT NGU HQC V(lI B1tNH LY NGON NGU A NHUNG VAN at PHAT TRItN TRE EM NGlJOI VI1tT BJ TH~U V~ b~nh KHA NANG GIAO TIEP vA NGON NGU CHO NANG TRI Tu1t v A BIEC - CAM Iingon ngfi' Ph~n chung t()i di~m qua nhfrng van de b~nh Iy ng()n ngii' duqc a nghien CUu hai ph~ vi: Th~ kinh ng()n ngfr hQC(Neurolinguistic) va Tam Iy ng()n ngii' hQc (Psycholinguistic) Trong phuang di~n Th~n kinh ngon ngii'hQc , ngum.ta chu y nghien cUu nhfrng tdn thuang a nao, xac dinh cac khu Vl!Cbi t6n thuang anh huang den chuc riang cua ng()n ngii',sl! phat tri~n cua cac te bao th~n kinh co d~ng hlnh san (te bao h~ng hai) lien quan den sl! phat tri~n cua ng()n ngfr; sl! ph6i hqp gifra ban c~u nao trai va ban c~u nao phai vi~c tiep thu va san sinh ng()n ngfr Hi~n vi~c tlrn kiem GEN ng()n ngfr van chua dem I~i nhieu ket qua Quan di~m cua Palov cho nao Ia ca quan thich 1'rngvm moi trubng den van duqc thita nh~ Vi~t Nam GS.TSKH Nguyen Ham Duang da co nhfrng nghien CUuve sl! ho~t dQngva chuc nang cua hai ban c~u nao dum goc dQ th~ kinh ng()n ngii' hQc Tren ca sa nghien CUllnhfrng ~nh nhan bi mat ngon ngii'do vet thuang van nao chien tranh, GS Nguyen Ham Duang cho r~g hai ban c~u nao ho~t dQng ph6i hqp mQt cach tinh te vi~c tri nh~ va san sinh ng()n ngii' Tuy v~y nhfrng nghien cUu ve sl! ph6i hqp cua hai ban c~u nao chua duQ'cneu len mQt cach ro dmg V~ van d~ hi~n cac nha than kinh ngon ngii'hQcmai chi xac dinh mQtd~c di~m chung la: c6 mQt s1;f6n thuong t cua mQtkhu V1;fcao day nao thi l~p tuc c6 mQt s1;fhay the va phl;lC s1;f n t h6i ho~t dQngcua h~ th6ng than kinh trung uang a mQtkhu V1;fc k.haccya naC)'o V~ phuang di~n Him 19 ngon ngii'hQc cac nha nghien CUllchu 'den tinh tr~ng mat ngon ngii' (chUng that ngon : mat kha nang dQc, n6i ,viet ),r6i lo~n ngon ngii', ch~m phat tri~n ngon ngu nhii'ngnguyen nhftn thuQc v~ barn sinh, h~u d:ic ho~c cac khuyet t~t nhu: rach ham ech, t6n thuong cac co quan phat ftm, diec cftm D~c bi~t Hi nghien cUu s1;f6i nhieu tftm 19 va ngon ngii'do r thieu nhfrng moi truerng thu~ lQ'icho s1;f hat tri~n ngon ngu, nhat la d6i vO'itre p em dang tren duernghinh va phat tri~n tieng my de MQt so phuong phap phat tri~n kha mlng giao tiep va ngon ngu cho tre khuyet ~t a) Doi vOi tre em hi roi IO{ln ngon ngft va chiJm phtit triin ngon ngft g dfty trinh bay cac nguyen nhan dan den tinh tr~ng r6i lo~n ngon ngii'va ch~ phat tri~n ngon ngu a tre em, ngoai nguyen nhan di truy~n va barn sinh a mQt s6 tre thl tlnh tr~g r6i lo~ ngon ngu va ch~ phat tri~n ngon ngii'con c6 nguyen nhan tu S1;f giao dl;lcva quan tftm cua ngum Ian MOt nguyen nhan quan trQng khac dan den nhfrng ch~ phat tri~n ngon ngu tre em b:it ngu6n tu vi~c cho cac tre em xem tivi qua sam Nhi~u tre tu 1-2 tu6i da duQ'cb6 my, ong ba thay vi~c n6i va chi bao cho tre thl 1~ dang tre bfulg man hinh tivi, cac tro chai, ho~c xem quang cao bii'a an chiem den 80% thm gian chai cua tre a (VTV1.8-10,2008) Tre em da mat di mOt "bau sua" rat quan trQng, la moi truerng tl! nhien cua tieng my de Tre em rat kh6 b:it chuac cir dOng cua mi~ng, moi, luOid~ phat ftm mOt tu nao d6 va cang kh6 nh~ biet cac don vi tach bi~t la nhfrng tu, ngii' tieng Vi~t Gan nhu tre chi tiep thu duQ'cba.ng ngu di~u va giQngdi~u cua 1mnoi ma thieu hl;ltrat Ian v6n tu va cac mau cau d~ dien d~t tinh cam va suy nghI cua minh vO'ingum xung quanh T~ khoa Tam 19 - ~nh vi~n Nhi d6ng n Tp H6 Chi Minh, cac giao vien da huang dan cong cho hang tram tre phat tri~n kha nang ngon ngii' cua minh; chung tra nen b~o d~n han giao tiep va biet sir dl;lngcac tu ngu can thiet d~ bi~u thi nhu cau cua mlnh thong qua cac bi~n phap d~y ma ngum Ian cung dong vai cac tro chai va tham gia vao cac ho~t dOngvO'itre Trong vi~c phat tri~n ngon ngfr cho tre bi khuyet t~t ciln chu y cac phuong pliap co tinh "ca bi~t hoa" Tuc Hi doi v6i tUng lo~i khuyet t~t va tUng di~u ki~n Cl;lth~ cua rn6i tre rna co nhfrng phuO'ngphap phat tri~n ngon ngfr thich hQ'p Nhin chung thi khong th~ ap dl;lngcac phuong phap phat tri~n ngon ngfr nhu phuO'ngphap 16ng ghep, tich hqp qua cac ho~t d¢ng doi v6i tre phat tI)~n binh thuang d~ d~y noi cho tre bi cac khuyet t~t va ch~ phat tri~n ngon ngfr Hi~n co hang nghin tre ch~ phat tri~n ngon ngfr va tinh hinh rn¢t gia tang bo my b~n lam vi~c, it co thai gian cham soc, nhilt Ia nhfrng gia dinh a H.C.M va Ha N¢i Doi v6i nhfrng tre thi: - Ciln d¢ng vi~n khuyen khich noi nang cua tre - Tang cuang cho tre tiep xuc vOicac hoan canh giao tiep hilp dAn - Khong n~n go ep tre phai co nhfrng tien b¢ vi~c hQc cac tit va cau rnOi - D~y tre rn¢t cach diln diln, ~n bi, rn6i rn¢t so tit va cau noi rn6i Chu y d~y tre nhfrng tit, ngfr ciln thiet sinh ho~t va t~n gQi nhfrng d6 v~t xung quanh b) M~t so bi~n phap phat triin khd niing giao tilp eho tre dile - eam a Vi~t Narn, nhfrng nghi~n CUllv~ tre diec carn va phat tri~n kha nang giao tiep cho cac tre chua duQ'cnhi~u Truac day rnQt so tac gia la cac nha ngon ngfr hQc ket hqp vOi cac bac sy thiln kinh tien hanh nghi~n CUllv~ sl! hinh ngon ngfr noi cho tre diec carn Nhu cac nghi~n CUll:"Qua trlnh hinh ngon ngfr noi cua tre carn diec Vi~t Narn" cua Ph~rnThi Cm Tuy nhfrng nghi~n CUll ay n~u l~n duQ'cnhfrng d~c di~rn cua qua trinh hinh ngon ngfr va dua n rn¢t so phuO'ngphap phat tri~n kha nang noi cho tre diec carn nhung nhfrng chua duQ'cling d\lng rn¢t cach r¢ng rai Tit khoang narn 2000 den nay, a nhfrng Ian nhu Ha N¢i, Hai Phong, H6 Chi Minh da xuilt hi~n cac trung tam giang d~y ngon ngft ky hi~u cho ngum diec carn Vi~t Narn Nhfrng trung tam duQ'cthanh l~p duOi sl! bao trQ' cua h¢i ngum khuyet t~t trung UO'ngva dia phUO'ng Vi~t Nam cua a cac tr~n co hang ch\lc lap hQc, rn6i tuiln hQc 2, bU6i; giao vi~n giang d~y v~ ngon ngfr ky hi~u cho ca nguai diec carn va sa ngum binh thuang Ngoai ra, co rnQtso CO' chinh quy, t~p trung d~y tre diec sa Lao dQngThuO'ngbinh Xa carn (nhu truang Diec Carn Xa Dan, Ha N¢i) thuQC hQi cac dnh Ok- co so d~y chinh quy thu nh~n hang nghin tn~ b! diec c~m chu yeu olua tu6i thieu nien Ngoai theo.hQc ngon ngii' ky hi~u, tieng Vi~t muc dan gian, cac hQc sinh cac cO so dugc dao t~o mQt so nganh ngh~, th~m chi hQc ca Tieng Anh, Tin HQc nnh hlnh d~y ngon ngii' ky hi~u cho nguOi diec cam Vi~t Nam hi~n chu yeu dga vao ngon ngii' ky hi~u c6 ngu6n goc tit ngon ngii' ky hi~u cua Phap va My 26 chii' cai cua Tieng Vi~t dugc chuy~n cac dr dQng cua ban tay va ng6n tay tuang rrng D6 Ia cac nh6m chii': A, B, C; D, E, F; G, H, I; L, M, N; 0, P, Q; R, S; T ,V; X ,Y, z MQt s6 v3'n d~ c3'p thiet nnh hinh d~y va hQCtieng Vi~t cho cac d6i tugng d~c bi~t neu tren Vi~t Nam hi~n c6 mQt s6 bat c~p D6 la: - Cac lo~i giao trinh d~y ng(m ngii' ky hi~u chua dugc th6ng nhat cac d!a phuang Vi~t Nam chua xay d1;T11g dugc mQt b¢ giao trlnh cling nhu bQ tit di~n chudn, bQ ngii' phap chudn cho nguOi diec cam Vi~t Nam - Vi~c d~y va hQc ngon ngii' ky hi~u Vi~t Nam chua thfch rrng v6i tUng lo~i d6i tugng va tUng lo~i lua tu6i C6 nhi~u lap hQc bao g6m ca nguOi diec cam hQc Ia.n v6i nguOi blnh thuang c6 y mu6n hQc lo~i ng6n ngii' ky hi~u Tn~ nho tu6i hQc cung vm tre 16'0 - Phan 16'0giao vien giang d~y ng6n ngii' ky hi~u chua mang tinh chuyen nghi~p h6a Nhii'ng giao vien chii yeu hQCqua duang tg hQc, hQc cac lap hQc kh6ng chuyen - Tuy c6 mQt s6 co so dao t~o Vi~t Nam nhu truang D~i hQc Su ph~m Thanh H6 Chi Minh, truang D~i hQc Su ph~ Ha NQi c6 chuang trlnh cho nguOi b! khuyet t~t, nhung nhii'ng chuang trlnh dan gian, m6i neu len nhii'ng d~c di~m chung chu chua c6 nhii'ng nghien cUu sau v~ sg phat tri~n tam Iy - ngon ngii' va cling chua c6 cac bi~n phap phat tri~n ngon ngii', giao tiep tmch rrng v6i nguOi khuyet t~t Vi~t Nam ThOi gian t6i Nha nuac can c6 nhii'ng cinnh sach h6 trg dao t~o, d~y ngh~ nhat la xay d1;T11g dQi ngli giao vien, nhii'ng co so v~t chat cho vi~c d~y va mQt hQCd6i v6i nguOi khuyet t~t, giup nguOi khuyet t~t d~ hoa nh~p han vao cQng d6ng Nhat la c~n l~p nhii'ng co so chuyen nghien cUu Ung d\lng v~ b¢nh 19 ngon ngii', ket hgp vi~c nghien CUunay giii'a cac nha th~n kinh ng6n ngii' hQc, tam Iy ng6n ngil' h9C, giao' dl;lCsu ph~m va chu y nhil'ng ilng dl;lng c6ng ngh~ m6i vi~c kh6i phl;lC phcittri~n kha nang ng6n ngil' cho cac lo~i d6i tuqng bi va khuyet t~t va ch~m phat tri~n ng6n ngil' B NGHIEN coo NGU AM B~NH HQC cAc R6I LO~N GI