The journey so far Journey so far  Epistemology  Science and philosophy of knowledge     constructivism assimilation accomodation associationism  Visualisation  Mind Maps Journey so far   Bloom’s Taxonomy Learning Theories  Behavourism  Cognitivism  Social  Constructivism Learning Styles Bloom’s Taxonomy Last lecture Learning Styles "You might belong in Gryffindor, Where dwell the brave at heart, There daring, nerve, and chivalry Set Gryffindors apart” "You belong in Hufflepuff, Where they are just and loyal, Those patient Hufflepuffs are true And unafraid to toil" "Here in wise old Ravenclaw, If you've a ready mind, Those of wit and learning, Will always find their kind." "Here you are in Slytherin, Where you'll make your real friends, Those cunning folk use any means To achieve their ends." Learning Styles Models Meyers-Briggs Type Indicator Carl Jung  Carl Gustav Jung (1875 – 1961) was a Swiss psychiatrist, an influential thinker and the  Founder of analytical psychology, also known as “Jungian Psychology” EXPLORING THE SOUL A Challenge to Freud Jungian Learning  Perception  Judgement  Sensor  Feeler  Intuitor  Thinker Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)     Based on Carl Jung’s ideas Created during World War II to help women who were entering the industrial workforce Measured psychological preferences in how people perceive the world and make decisions http://www.myersbriggs.org Gregorc Learning Style Abstract Sequential Abstract Concrete Random Random Concrete Sequential Non-verbal communication 1) Eye Contact   The eyes are most expressive and direct part of our body Different types of eye contact: Action Result Direct eye contact Confidence Looking downwards Listening carefully, guilt/shame Single eyebrow raised Doubt, scepticism Both eyebrows raised Admiring, encouragement Bent eyebrows Sudden focus, intesity Tears Emotional - joy or pain …and many more Non-verbal communication 2) Facial Expression  Smile constitutes the largest part of facial expression  Smiling is a powerful cue that transmits:  Happiness  Friendliness  Warmth  Liking  Affiliation Non-verbal communication 3) Gestures  Head nods, a form of gestures, communicate positive reinforcement to students and indicate that you are listening  A lively and animated communication style captures peoples' attention, makes the material more interesting, facilitates understanding and provides a bit of entertainment  If you fail to gesture while speaking, you may be perceived as boring, stiff and unanimated Non-verbal communication 4) Posture and Body Orientation  You communicate numerous messages by the way you walk, talk, stand and sit  Standing erect, but not rigid, and leaning slightly forward communicates to your audience that you are approachable, receptive and friendly  Speaking with your back turned or looking at the floor or ceiling should be avoided; it communicates disinterest to your audience Non-verbal communication 5) Proximty  Cultural norms dictate a comfortable distance for interaction with audience  You should look for signals of discomfort caused by invading your audience‘s space  Some of these are:  rocking  leg swinging  tapping  gaze aversion  sitting back  clasping hands behind head Non-verbal communication 6) Paralinguistic  Vocal elements, such as:  Tone  Pitch  Rhythm  Timbre  Loudness  Inflection Finally some body Facts  You have over 630 muscles in your body  It takes the interaction of 72 different muscles to produce human speech  The strongest muscle in your body is your tongue   Eye muscles are the busiest muscles in the body   use it effectively Scientists estimate they move more than 100,000 times a day You have over 30 muscles in your face to help you smile or frown    17 muscles to smile 43 muscles frown So smile everytime you see someone – it’s easier! To sum up How Project Really Work http://www.projectcartoon.com/ History of Communications  Aristotle  Rhetoric – art of oration and persuasion  1940’s & post-World War II  Laswell  Shannon-Weaver  Schramm Process of Communication Source Encoding Channel Decoding Receiver Context Feedback What makes a good communicator? Written Oral Academic Writing Revision and editing Critical Reading Presentation of Data Presentation Audience Awareness Critical Listening Body Language Non-Verbal Audience Awareness Personal Presentation Body Language http://science.uniserve.edu.au/projects/skills/jantrial/communication/communication.htm Active Listening  To achieve Active Listening: Understand your own communication style Listen With Purpose Use non-verbal communication Give feedback Non-verbal Communication Skills Ways of Using Non-verbal Communication Skills Effectively Eye contact Facial expressions Gestures Posture and body orientation Proximity Paralinguistic