GRAMMAR Active: Passive: S+V+O S + be + VII + by + O Các chủ ngữ I, we, you, they, he, she, one, everyone, no one, people… câu chủ động thường bỏ câu bị động Công thức chung dạng câu bị động là: S+BE+Vpast participle (PII), tương ứng với tiếng anh cấu trúc câu bị động có dạng: Tense Active Passive Simple Present S + V + O S + be + VII + by + O Present S + am/is/are + V-ing + O S + am/is/are + being + VII + by + O Continuous Present Perfect S + has/have + VII + O S + has/have + been + VII + by + O Present Perfect S + has/have + been + Ving + O S + have/been + being + VII + by + O Continous Simple Past S + V-ed + O S + was/were + VII + by + O Past Continuous S + was/were + V-ing + O S + was/were + being + VII + by + O Past Perfect S + had + VII + O S + had + been + VII + by + O Past Perfect S + had + been + Ving + O S + had + been + being + VII + by + O Continous Simple Future S + will/shall + V + O S + will + be + VII + by + O Future Perfect S + will/shall + have + VII + O S + will + have + been + VII + by + O Future Perfect S + will/shall + have + been + S + will + have + been + being + VII + by Continuous Ving + O +O Be + going to S + am/is/are + going to + V + O S + am/is/are + going to + be + VII + by + O Model Verbs S + model verb + V + O S + model verb + be + VII + by + O S + modal Verb + have +P2 S + modal Verb + have been +P2 Lưu ý: Ví trị trạng từ cụm trạng từ: - Trong câu chủ động có trạng từ nơi chốn đặt trước BY + O VD: The police found him in the forest He was found in the forest by the police - Trong câu chủ động có trạng từ thời gian đặt sau BY + O VD: Nina have bought these pens for hours These pens have been bought by Nina for hours - Nếu túc từ câu bị động vật, việc ta dùng WITH + O thay cho BY +O VD: Ink fills the bottle The bottle is filled with ink -Các dạng bị động đặc biệt Dạng 1: Động từ + tân ngữ + động từ nguyên mẫu không TO Các động từ giác quan: feel, see, watch, notice, hear, look, watch, catch, S + V1 + O + V2  O + be + VII1 + to V2 VD: I saw some people enter the block  Some people were seen to enter the block I heard him run upstairs He was heard to run upstairs Dạng 2: Động từ + tân ngữ + động từ nguyên mẫu có TO (S+ V1 + O + to V2) Bao gồm động từ cảm xúc mong ước: like, hate, love, want, wish, prefer, hope… Nếu tân ngữ sau TO + V câu chủ động khác với chủ ngữ câu bị động dạng bị động là: S + V1 + O + to be + VII2 VD: I want somebody to take photographs I want photographs to be taken I didn’t expect the police to find my car I didn’t my car to be found by the police - Nếu tân ngữ sau TO + V đối tượng với chủ ngữ câu dạng bị động là: S+ V1 + to be + VII2 VD: He likes people to call him ‘Sir’ He likes to be called ‘Sir’ I prefer you to call me by my first name I prefer to be called by my first name - Nếu dùng O làm chủ ngữ bị động dạng: O+ be + VII1 + to V2… VD: People don’t expect the police to find out the stolen car The police aren’t expected to find out the stolen car Dạng 3: Động từ + tân ngữ + danh động từ ( S + V + O + Ving+…) Các động từ : see, hear, find, stop, keep,… - Khi tân ngữ chủ từ khác bị động dạng (tân ngữ sau Ving): O + be + VII + Ving +… VD: He kept me waiting  I was kept wating They saw the lorry running down the hill The lorry was seen running down the hill - Khi tân ngữ chủ từ động đối tượng bị động dạng: S + V + being + VII + … VD: He doesn’t like people laughing at him He doesn’t like being laughed at Dang 4: Động từ có hai tân ngữ (O1 tân ngữ trực tiếp, O2 tân ngữ gián tiếp) S+ V+ O1 + O2 O1 + be + VII + O2 O2 + be + VII + to O1 VD: Harry gave me a new watch yesterday  I was gave a new watch yesterday  A new watch was gaved to me yesterday Note: dùng “for O1” với động từ BUY, Eg: Susan bought an English book for Tom =  Tom was bought an English  An English book was bought for Tom Dạng 5: Mệnh đề chứa THAT Khi mệnh đề chứa that (có nghĩa rằng) dùng túc từ cho số động từ sau:acknowledge (công nhận), assume (cho rằng), believe (tin), claim (yêu sách), consider (cân nhắc), estimate (ước tính), feel (cảm thấy), find (tìm thấy), report (báo cáo), say (nói), think (nghĩ), understand (hiểu)… Chủ động : S1 + V1 + that + S2 + V2 + O +…… Có thể diễn đạt theo Hai Cách: CÁCH 1: BỊ ĐỘNG CHIA Ở VẾ THAT: S1 + V1 Cấu trúc bị động là: S1 + be + VII1 + that + S2 + V2 +… Note: Hiện be = is/are/am; khứ be = was/were VD: People say that he is a good doctor  It is said that he is a good doctor We know that he was a spy  He is know to have been a spy They think that she is living in London  It is thought that she is living in London CÁCH 2: CHIA BỊ ĐỘNG Ở VẾ SAU THAT: S2 + V2 - Mệnh đề đơn, mệnh đề tương lai S2 + is/are/am + VII1 + to V2… VD: They say that she learns English perfectly She is said to learn English perfectly - Mệnh đề đơn, mệnh đề khứ đơn S2 + is/are/am + VII1 + to have VII2… VD: They find those trees were 500 years old Those trees are found to have been 500 years old - Hai mệnh đề khứ đơn S2 + was/were + VII1 + to V2… VD: They thought he was one of famous singers He was thought to be one of famous singers - Mệnh đề khứ đơn, mệnh đề khứ hoàn thành S2 + was/were + VII1 + to have + VII2… VD: She said they had done all their duties They were said to have done all their duties Dạng 6:Chủ ngữ giả It với mẫu câu It is/was + Adj (important / necessary /impossible ) + to Inf + O  It is/was + Adj (important/ necessary / impossible ) + for O + to be + VII Eg: - It is very necessary to solve this problem  It is very necessary for this problem to be solved - It is impossible to mix two this components  It is impossible for two this components to be mixed Dang 7: Bị động mệnh lệnh thức V+O…  Let + O + be + Ved/V3 Don’t + V+ O…  Don’t let + O + be+ Ved/V3 VD: Do your home work before you go to school → Let your homework be done before Don't let the others see you → Don't let yourself be seen by the others Note: Trong số tình huống, dùng SHOULD/MUST → should/ must/ mustn't + be + P2P2 VD: Don't touch this switch → This switch musn't be touched Don’t use the car in case it breaks down –> The car shouldn’t be used in case it break down Dạng 8: Bị động với cấu trúc đặc biệt Have, Get, Make, Let, Need a) HAVE, GET HAVE, GET: SAI BẢO, NHỜ Have + Someone + V  Have something + V3/Ved Get + Someone + to V  Get something + V3/Ved VD: They had me correct the exercise yesterday  They had the exercise corrected yesterday They got me to correct the exercise yesterday  They had the exercise corrected yesterday Lưu ý: Hai công thức bị động thể nhờ vả dùng trường hợp diễn tả việc diễn không tốt đẹp Eg: - John had all his money stolen from his hotel bedroom - I had my house destroyed by tornado yesterday - We got our car damaged by a falling tree - I got my nose broken by playing rugby b) MAKE LET  Make s.o s.th (buộc làm gì)  s.o be made to s.th  Let s.o s.th (cho phép làm gì)  s.o be allowed to s.th VD: The manager made all the employees work over the night at the weekend All the employees were made to work over the night by the manager at the weekend She lets her son play computer game on Sunday afternoon Her son is allowed to play computer game on Sunday afternoon “NEED” c) Active (chủ động) Need + to V-inf Passive Need + to be + V-3/ed Need + V-ing VD: You need to water flowers  Flowers need watering/to be watered - Marry needs to paint her house  Marry’s house needs painting/to be painted It's your duty to+vinf  you're supposed to+vinf d) VD: It's your duty to make tea today You are supposed to make tea today It's impossible to+Vinf  S + can't + be + P2 e) VD: It's impossible to solve this problem This problem can't be solve It's necessary to + Vinf  S + should/ must + be +P2 f) VD: It's necessary for you to type this letter This letter should/ must be typed by you Dạng 9: Bị động dạng câu hỏi 1) Bị Động Với Câu Hỏi Đuôi (Tag Question) VD: - David broke the windows yesterday, didn’t he?  The windows were broken by David yesterday, were not/weren’t they? - Marry put the vase of flowers on the table yesterday, didn’t she?  The vase of flowers was put on the table by Marry yesterday, wasn’t it? 2) Câu bị động dạng Yes-No Question Các động từ khiếm khuyết: shall, ought to, must, will, would, might, may Các trợ động từ: Do, Does, Did, Have, Be Ví dụ 1: Does your friend eat that chocolate cake? (câu chủ động) Bước 1: Xác định câu hỏi Vì đơn nên ta dùng công thức bị động → S + am/is/are+ V3/Ved Bước 2: Chúng ta làm câu bị động đơn bình thường, đừng quan tâm tới dấu chấm hỏi: → That chocolate cake is eaten by your friend Bước 3: lúc này, ta trả dấu chấm hỏi về, việc đưa am/is/are lên đầu câu xong → Is that cake eaten by your friend? Ví dụ 2: Did your mother tell this story? Bước 1: Vì khứ đơn nên ta dùng công thức bị động sau: S + was/were + V3/ved Bước 2: Chúng ta che từ “Did” làm câu bị động khứ đơn, ta có: This story was told by your mother Bước 3: ta trả lại dấu chấm hỏi cách đưa was were lên đầu câu, ta có: → Was this story told by your mother? 3) Dạng câu bị động Wh- Question Dạng 1: When/why/how/where + Yes –No Question - Where does your friend eat that chocolate cake? Ta làm bước tương tự dạng Yes-No Question cuối thêm từ When, why, how, where xong → Where was that chocolate cake eaten by your friend? Dạng 2: Câu bị động với Who + V + O Ví dụ: Who made this cake? → Whom was this cake made by? = By whom was this cake made? Dạng 3: câu bị động với What Which Ví dụ: Which books does your sister read? → Which books are read by your sister? Ví dụ: What plays did Nam Cam write? → What plays were written by Nam Cao? PASSIVE VOICE Exercise 1: Choose the best answer by circling the corresponding letter A, B, C, or D 1/ The manager insisted …………….me a position in the company A for offering B on offering C in offer D on offer 2/ The flight attendant reminded the man that smoking…there A was not allowed B is not allowed C not to allow D not allow 3/ The little boy begged the lady ………… some soup A give B gives C giving D to give 4/ They invited me the weekend with them A spends B spend C to spend D spending 5/ He reminded me the letter A post B to post C posting D to posting 6/ I warned Jim playing with the snakes A for B in C of D against 7/ Mary apologized for him earlier A not phoning B not phone C not to phone D not to phoning 8/ She advised him harder A to study B to studying C study D studying 9/ My mother asked me the window A open B opening C to opening D to open 10/ Susan insisted on Mary to the beach A drive B driving C to drive D to driving 11/ Huong congratulated me on the entrance exam A to pass B to passing C passing D passed 12/ Mr Smith thanked Linda inviting him to the party A for B of C on D to 13/ Mary refused me any more money A to lend B to lending C lend D lending 14/ The teacher told his students………all the homework before they ……….to class A do/ come B to do/ come C to do/ came D do/ came 15/ The supervisor apologized………………… A for be late B for being late C on being late D on be late 16/ The father told his son……… his time ……………games all day A not to waste/ play B not to waste/playing C not waste/play D.not waste/ playing 17/ The lecturer told the students not to hesitate to ask if they ……….a question A have B has C to have D had 18/ My mother advised me ………….hope A not lose B not to lose C not losing D not to losing 19/ She said she would visit me …………… A following day B the next day 20/ He said he…………… a busy day A had had B have had C tomorrow D next day C did have D has had Exercise 2: Choose the correct answer to complete the sentences America By Columbus in 1492 A are discovered B were discovering C is discovered D was discovere Parrots and crows The most intelligent birds A were considering B are considered C Considered D was considered I still can’t believe! My bicycle last night A was stolen B was stealing C were stolen D stole Mary traffic accidents by dangerous driving A cause B caused C are caused D which are caused Many US automobiles in Detroit, Michigan A manufacture B are manufactured C have manufactured D are manufacturing Grass by fat cows on the green meadow A are eaten B was being eaten C were being eat D was been eaten So much progress That there may be space-frights to Mars A is being made B are being made C will be made D will being made Many people believe we can look forward to the day when even our household jobs like cleaning and decorating by computer-control robots A will be doing B are being done C would be done D will be done English since 2002 A have been learned B has been learnt C has to learn D have to learn 10 Your bill should before you leave the hotel A be paid B is paid C are paid D was paid Exercise 3: Choose the underlined word or phrase or phrase in each sentence that need correcting The new school will be open soon by the local government A B C D This machine have to be repaired A B C D Several people have been bitten on the dog A B C D A new hospital is being build in town A B C D The man were being questioned by the police then A B C D Exercise 4: Change these sentences into Passive voice Tom delivers the mail every day ……………………………………… Mr John manages the export division……………………………………… 3The teacher corrects our exercises………………………………………… 4.Somebody calls the president every day ………………………………………… 5.Where people speak English ? ………………………………………… Weeds cover the riverbank They use milk for making butter and cheese People speak English in almost every corner of the world People spend a lot of money on advertising everyday 10 No one believes his story 11 Fire destroyed that house 12.The students attended the lecture 13.The movie disappointed us very much 14.The police easily captured the thief 15.John returned the money last night 16 Smoke filled the room 17 Bob took that book from the desk 18.They started a dancing class last week 19 Mr Smith saw the accident 20 The teacher returned our written work to us 21.For the time being, Alice is teaching that group 22.John is calling the other members 23.The company is developing a new procedure 24.Who are they keeping in the kitchen?…………………………………………………… 25.What books are people reading this year ?……………………………………………… 26 Nam is milking the cows …………………………………………………………… 27 My father is washing the car ………………………………………………………… 28 Sheila is drinking a cup of tea ……………………………………………………… 29 Mary is cutting the cake with sharp knife……………………………………… 30 The mailman is delivering the mail now……………………………………………… 31.Martha was delivering the documents to the department 32.A french architect was designing the palace………………………………………………… 33.Mr Brown was writing the report at p.m yesterday………………………………………… 34 Who was painting those windows.?…………………………………………………… 35 The chef engineer was instructing all the workers of the plant……………………………… 36 They were not eating dinner ……………………………………………………………… 37 We were painting the gate ………………………………………………………………… 38 You were not driving him home …………………………………………………………… 39 He was feeding the dogs …………………………………………………………………… 40 Was she reading these lines?.…………………………………………………………… 41 Beth has finished the report 42 Somebody has taken my briefcase 43 She has finished the report at noon 44 The police have arrested five suspects 45 Kerrie has paid the bill 46 I have eaten a hamburger 47 I have opened the present 48 They have not read the book 49 You have not sent the parcel 50 Has she phoned 51.The delegates had received the information before the recess 52 He had finished his home work before she came 53 They had written the passage 54 They had planted trees 55 I know that they had told him of the meeting 56 They had started a fight 57 I had not closed the window 58 They had not bought the paper 59 Had she solved the problem? – 60 John will receive the papers tomorrow 61 Somebody will call Mr Watson tonight 62 Barbara will eat the cake 63 They will build a new bridge near my house next year 64 They will widen the road to our village 65 They will hold the meeting before May Day 66 Jane will buy a new computer 67 Millions of people will visit the museum 68 Our boss will sign the contract 69.They will not ask him 70 John is going to call the other members 71 The company is going to develop a new procedure 72 The students are going to plant trees here 73 My mother is going to sell this house 74 They are going to decorate the room next week 75 She is going to tell a story 76 The teacher is going to give a lesson 77 They are going to buy a new car next month 78.How can they open this safe?………………………………………………………………… 79.You ought to water these plants once a week.……………………………………………… 80.They may discuss the problems again………………………………………………… 81.You should place matches out of reach of children.……………………………………… 82.They can gain nothing without effort.………………………………………………… 83.People must conserve natural resources……………………………………………… 84 they said that I am a teacher 85 people said that Nam killed his wife 86 Does he often help you? 87 What is she doing? 88 She bought a new car yesterday 89 People thought that she is a robber 90 my father often buys me perents on my birthday Exercise 5: Choose the underlined word or phrase in each sentence that need correcting The new school will be open soon by the local government A B C D This machine have to be repaired A B C D Several people have been bitten on the dog A B C D A new hospital is being build in town A B C D The man were being questioned by the police then A B C D Exercise 6: Choose the sentence which is closest in meaning to the original one They cancelled all flights because of fog A All flights were because of fog were cancelled C All flight were because of fog cancelled B All flight were cancelled because of fog them of fog D All flights were cancelled by They had to postpone the meeting because of illness A The meeting because of illness had to be postponed B The meeting had to because of illness be postponed C The meeting had to postponed because of illness D.The meeting had to be postponed because of illness They are building a new highway around the city A.A new highway around the city is being built C.A new highway is being built around the city B.A new highway is being built around the city by them D Around the city a new highway is being built They will ask you a lot of questions at the interview A You will be asked a lot of questions at the interview B You will be asked a lot of questions at the interview by them C A lot of questions will be asked you at the interview D A lot of questions will be asked at the interview 10 They have built a new hospital near the airport A.A new hospital near the airport has been built C.A new hospital has been built near the airport B.A new hospital has been built near the airport by them D Near the airport a new hospital has been 11 My father gives me a new shirt A A new shirt is given me by my father B A new shirt is give me by my father C A new shirt is given by me my father D A new shirt are given me by my father 12 A new hat is bought by Lan A Lan buys a new hat B Lan buy a hat new C Lan bought a new hat D Lan is bought a new hat 13 People speak English everywhere A English was spoken everywhere B English was speak C English is spoken everywhere D English is speaks everywhere 14 They drink much wine A Much wine are drunk by them B Much wine is drank by them C Much wine is drunk by them D Much wine is drink by them 15 They belived that he saved me A It was belived that he saved me C He was belived to have saved me B It was belived that he has saved me D A and C are correct Exercise 8: Change these sentences into Passive voice He always plays game after school  My student visited her granny last week  I seldom the homework  Do you enjoy this cake?  Did you change the rule?  Who bought this umbrella?  Which magazines you prefer?  When did you enjoy this delicious cake?  Why didn’t you clean the house?  10 My sister gave you this pizza  11 My wife cleaned the floor and washed the dishes yesterday  12 He opens the door and closes the door every day  13 I got my husband to repair my bicycle  14 I let my children go out  15 Don’t open your book  16 Will you finish her exam?  17 I made her finish her exam  18 Did you change your password?  19 Have you finished the report?  20 Why did my student visit her granny last week?  21 This pencil is used to draw by Nina  22 This book was bought at this shop by my sister yesterday  23 My house had been painted before I travelled  24 By whom was this house painted?  25 Will the ruler be bought by my mother tomorrow?  26 This pizza was given to you by my sister  27 You were given this pizza by my sister  28 I was let to go out  29 The pictures have been finished by Nina  30 Were these houses sold by my father?  31 My students were let to play game in the class  32 The test was done by my students  33 Where were baskets bought?  34 Can this radio be bought by her mother?  35 This cake was made to give my sister  36 I had my pencil repaired yesterday  37 It is difficult for information technology to be learned  38 My room needs painting  39 My room needs to be painted  40 People say that he is good at English  41 Tom has seen this film before  42 Nina has read the newspaper already  43 I have signed the contract  44 These men have bought the tickets  45 I have bought this teddy bear in that shop  46 Vicky has found her hat  47 I have lost my bag  48 We have finished the report  49 I have done my exercise for three days  50 These newspapers have been bought by Nina  51 These reports have been typed for hours  52 My dogs have been taken good care of by my father  53 Computer science has been studied by my brother since June  54 This movie hasn’t been seen by my mother  55 This car has been bought by Nina  56 The thief has been found by the police  57 Her pens have been found  58 The reports have been finished  59 These pencil cases have been bought by Nina  60 Does your brother find the key?  61 Do you sweep the floor?  62 Can your father finish the report?  63 Which horses you prefer?  64 What song the clowns sing?  65 Who cleaned my room yesterday?  66 Do you steal my pencil case?  67 Which animals you like?  68 Who broke my glasses?  69 Did he explain that lesson?  70 Where this you buy this book?  71 Why does your father find you?  72 When you paint your house?  73 Do you paint your house?  74 Didn’t she find a job?  75 Will your granny visit you?  76 Do they wash the dishes?  77 Where they wash the dishes?  78 When they wash the dishes?  79 Why will your granny visit you next week?  80 Did your friend mail that letter?  81 Has Nina finished the work?  82 Did he speak about tropical countries in the world?  83 Had your sister cleaned the floor when I came?  84 Does he make bad chocolate cake?  85 Must you post this letter?  86 Have you taken my book?  87 Can you clean the house?  88 Does he steal my ruler?  89 Does your friend buy this house?  90 Where you find the box?  91 Who wrote this report?  92 When does your friend buy this house?  93 Why you clean the house?  94 Which books you prefer?  95 Who did the homework?  96 When did Sam repair my car?  97 When did you steal my pencil case?  98 Who finished the report?  99 When did your mother mail that letter?  100 I clean the floor every day  101 He saw a lion at the circus last week  102 Sam and Nina told me this story  103 I opened the door  104 Your children ate this cake  105 I have finished the report  106 They had looked after this child when I came  107 My father made this decision  108 No one can it  109 Someone must send this report  110 That movie has never seen by my father  111 The book has not been finished  112 Has snake meat been eaten by Nina?  113 The department was being cleaned by Sam when you called  114 While the report was being written by Nina, Tom was looking for the key  115 A present was sent to her  116 This car was bought by my father  117 The letter is typed by my sister everyday  118 Is the key found by your mother?  119 Where is the key found by your mother?  [...]... Several people have been bitten on the dog A B C D 4 A new hospital is being build in town A B C D 5 The man were being questioned by the police then A B C D Exercise 4: Change these sentences into Passive voice 1 Tom delivers the mail every day ……………………………………… 2 Mr John manages the export division……………………………………… 3The teacher corrects our exercises………………………………………… 4.Somebody calls the president every... They belived that he saved me A It was belived that he saved me C He was belived to have saved me B It was belived that he has saved me D A and C are correct Exercise 8: Change these sentences into Passive voice 1 He always plays game after school  2 My student visited her granny last week  3 I seldom do the homework  4 Do you enjoy this cake?