1 ) o): n no phân li hoàn toàn thành ion = < Chú ý VD1: HCl " H+ + Cl– Ba(OH)2 " NaCl Ba2+ + 2OH– VD2: CH3COOH Mg(OH)2 CH3COO– + H+ Mg2+ + 2OH– Na+ + Cl– 21 li H+ VD3: HCl, H2SO4, li OH– li H+ OH– VD4: NaOH, Ca(OH)2, VD5: Al(OH)3, Zn(OH)2, proton (H+) +) (H+) + Các axit theo quan tính: Al(OH)3, Zn(OH)2… – , 2+, Zn2+, Al3+, 2–, CO32–, NH4+… PO43–, CH3COO–… A + H2O H3O+ HSO3–, HS–, HPO42–… 4)2CO3… n B+ B + H2O [B].[H ] [A] Ka Kb A + OH– [A].[OH ] [B] – Kb – Ka b a – Kb – Ka – + – VD6: NaCl, Al2(SO4)3, Na2CO3… ion H+ 2HPO3, NaH2PO2 VD7: NaHCO , K HPO , KHSO … 4 CaOCl2… (A (B (C (D (A) CH4 (B) C2H5OH (C) HCl (D) C6H6 không (A) H2SO4 Chú ý (B) KOH (C) C2H5OH (D) AgNO3 KAl(SO4)2.12H2O, C2H5OH, C12H22O11 3COOH, Ca(OH)2, CH3COONH4 – CH3COONH4 – KAl(SO4)2.12H2 A) B) C) 5 (A) NaCl, AgCl, KOH D) (B) H2SO3, NaOH, BaCl2 (C) KNO3, Ba(OH)2, HCl (D) H2SO4, Cu(OH)2, AgNO3 (A) 3, (B) (C) AgBr, BaSO3, CuSO4, HNO3 (D) (A) H2O, CH3COOH, CuSO4, NH3 (B) CH3COOH, NaNO3, NH3 (C) H2O, Ba(OH)2, NaNO3, CuSO4 (D) H2O, CH3COOH, NH3 (A) KNO3, PbCl2, Ca(HCO3)2, Na2S, NH4Cl (B) KNO3, HClO4, Ca3(PO4)2, Na2CO3, CuSO4 (C) KHSO4, HClO4, Na2S, CH3COONa, NH4Cl (D) KOH, HClO4, NaHSO4, Ca(HCO3)2, NH3 (A) H2SO4 H+ + SO42– (B) H2SO4 2H+ + HSO4– (C) H2SO4 H+ + 2SO42– (D) H2SO4 2H+ + SO42– Na+ + O2– (B) KOH A (A) NaOH Ca2+ + OH– (C) Ca(OH)2 Na+ + OH– (D) Ca(OH)2 B Ca2+ + 2OH– không Na+ + Cl– (A) NaCl (C) Na2SO4 Ca2+ + SO42– (B) CaSO4 2Na+ + SO42– Ca2+ + 2Cl– (D) CaCl2 C (A) NaOH Na+ + Cl– (B) Na2SO4 (C) BaSO4 Ba2+ + SO42– (D) NaCl D (A (B (C (D E (A) < (C) < 2Na+ + SO42– Na+ + Cl– là < < 100 F CH3 (A (C G axit? (A) HCl (B) (D) 100 (B (D không (B) HNO3 (C) CH4 (D) H2SO4 H (A) NaOH (C) C6H5OH (B) Ca(OH)2 (D) KOH I (A) NaOH (C) Al(OH)3 (B) Mg(OH)2 (D) Cu(OH)2 J (A) Al(OH)3 (C) Pb(OH)2 Chú ý + CH3COOH CH3 – 3COO CH3COO– axit CH3COOH không (B) Zn(OH)2 (D) Cu(OH)2 K (A (C (B (D L (A (C (B (D CH3COO– + H+ M (A) S 2SO3 (C) SO32– (B) SO2 N (A) Zn (D) SO3 (B) ZnO (C) Zn2+ (D) ZnCl2 (B) S2– (C) Cu2+ (D) Al3+ (B) S2– (C) Al3+ (D) SO32– O (A) Cl– P (A) CO32– Q (A) HCl, H2SO4, H2CO3, CO32– (B) NaOH, KOH, Mg(OH)2, Mg2+ (C) HNO3, HCOOH, Mg2+ (D) Al3+, Zn2+, CO32– R (A) Fe2+ (B) Fe3+ (C) HS– S (A) – , (B) (C) (D) Cl– H2PO4–, PO43–, NH3, S2–, HPO42– (D) T HNO2, HCOOH a U b – , CH3COO–, HCOO– V (A (B (C (D W (A (B (C (D a a a a b [NH3]> Kb [Mg(OH)2 3 3 ) o): n hay no C C0 – C0 < VD8: 3COOH 3COOH 3COOH – Vì < 100 0, 02 < nên CH3 VD9: li + PT phân li: CH3COOH ↽ ⇀ CH3COO– + H+ 3COOH]phân li = 3COOH [H+] = 0,004 M M 0, 004 0, 004 VD10: a HCl 0,5 M b Ba(NO3)2 M Vì HCl, Ba(NO3)2 Al2(SO4)3 HCl 0,5 M PT phân li: HCl = H+ + Cl– (1) +] = [Cl–] = [HCl] = 0,5 M Ba(NO3)2 M PT phân li: Ba(NO3)2 Ba2+ + 2NO3– 2+] (2) = [Ba(NO3)2] = M [NO3–] = [Ba(NO3)2] = M VD11: CH3COO– H+ dung = 0,02 3COOH, C C0 C = C0 PT phân li CH3COOH ↽ ⇀ CH3COO– + H+ Phân li: 0,001 0,001 0,001 3COOH 0,05 M [CH3COOH] = 0,049 M [CH3COO–] = 0,001 M [H+] = 0,001 M X a NaCl 0,4 M c FeSO4 1,2 M e Ba(OH)2 0,25 M b CaCl2 0,5 M d H2SO4 0,15 M f Na3PO4 0,03 M Y = 0,05 = 0,01 = 0,04 b CH3 Z H+ 4,08.10–4 (A (C + = 0,0108 = 0,0408 (B (D 0,004 M Khi pha = 0,0408 = 0,0108 Câu C Câu D B Câu P C C E B Q C C F A R C B G C S D C H C T C I C U D J D V B C K B W A D L A X A D M C Y B B N C Z C C O B T Ka (HClO) = [ClO ].[H ] [HClO] Ka (HCOOH) = U Kb (NO2-) = [NO2 ].[H ] [HNO2 ] [HCOO ].[H ] [HCOOH] [HNO2 ].[OH ] Kb (CH3COO-) = Ka (HNO2) = C [NO2 ] Kb (HCOO-) = [HCOOH].[OH ] [HCOO ] [CH3COOH].[OH ] [CH3COO ] X a [Na+] = [Cl-] = 0,4 M b [Ca2+] = 0,5 M; [Cl-] = M c [Fe2+] = 1,2 M; [SO42-] = 1,2 M d [H+] = 0,3 M; [SO42-] = 0,15 M e [Ba2+] = 0,25 M; [OH-] = 0,5 M f [Na+] = 0,09 M; [PO43-] = 0,03 M Y a [H+] = [HCOO-] = 0,02 M b [H+] = [CH3COO-] = 2,5.10-3 M c [H+] = [HCOO-] = 4.10-3 M