E363 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LECTURE 14 TOOLS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT Dr Nguyen Thi Hoang Lien nguyenthihoanglien@hus.edu.vn LAW AND REGULATIONS • Law on environmental protection 2005 • Environmental strategies and policies • Environmental plan • Environmental inspection • Environmental standard(s) TECHNICAL TOOLS • Environmental monitoring Describes the processes and activities that need to take place to characterize and monitor the quality of the environment Environmental monitoring is used in the preparation of environmental impact assessments, as well as in many circumstances in which human activities carry a risk of harmful effects on the natural environment In all cases the results of monitoring will be reviewed, analyzed statistically and published Monitoring object(s) Monitoring sites Monitoring parameters Time and frequency of monitoring Important sites Sampling methods Program revision Measuring and analysis methods Equipments Statistic analysis Records Data analysis Data communication Storage and database management • Environmental assessment (EA) Is a procedure ensuring the environmental implications of decisions are taken into account before the decisions are made EA can be undertaken for individual projects, such as a dam, motorway, airport or factory (known as Environmental Impact Assessment – EIA) or for public plans or programs (known as Strategic Environmental Assessment – SEA)  EIA is an assessment of the possible positive or negative impact that a proposed project may have on the environment, together consisting of the environmental, social and economic aspects  SEA is a systematic decision support process, aiming to ensure that environmental and possibly other sustainability aspects are considered effectively in policy, plan and program making • Environmental auditing  Environmental auditing is a general term that can reflect various types or evaluations intended to identify environmental compliance and management system implementation gaps, along with related corrective actions Environmental auditing performs an analogous (similar) function to financial audits  There are generally two different types of environmental audits: compliance audits and management systems audits • Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) LCA is a technique to assess environmental impacts associated with all the stages of a product's life from-cradle-to-grave (i.e., from raw material extraction through materials processing, manufacture, distribution, use, repair and maintenance, and disposal or recycling) The procedures of life cycle assessment (LCA) are part of the ISO 14000 environmental management standards: in ISO 14040:2006 and 14044:2006 LEVI’S • Environmental planning Is the process of facilitating decision making to carry out development with due consideration given to the natural environmental, social, political, economic and governance factors and provides a holistic frame work to achieve sustainable outcomes Main elements of environmental planning: social and economic development; urban development; regional development; natural resource management and integrated land use; infrastructure systems; governance frameworks 10 ECONOMIC TOOLS Quota Subsidy Bank deposit Environmental fund Eco-label Compensation 11 Environmental tax, fee, charges LAW ON ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION TAX (No 57/2010/QH12) 12 Clean Mechanism Development (CDM) CDM is one of the flexibility mechanisms defined in the Kyoto Protocol (IPCC, 2007) that provides for emissions reduction projects which generate Certified Emission Reduction (CER) units which may be traded in emissions trading schemes  The CDM allows industrialized countries to buy CERS and to invest in emission reductions where it is cheapest globally  CDM projects: energy efficiency, CH4 recovery, transportation, forestation 13 14