2016 Electrical installation guide Electrical installation guide According to IEC international standards 35, rue Joseph Monier CS30323 F-92506 Rueil-Malmaison Cedex RCS Nanterre 954 503 439 Capital social 928 298 512 € www.schneider-electric.com EIGED306001EN ART.822690 As standards, specifications and designs change from time to time, please ask for confirmation of the information given in this pubication ™ Schneider Electric Industries SAS This document has been printed on ecological paper ™ 01/2016 This guide has been written for electrical Engineers who have to design, select electrical equipment, install these equipment and, inspect or maintain low-voltage electrical installations in compliance with international Standards of the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) “Which technical solution will guarantee that all relevant safety rules are met?” This question has been a permanent guideline for the elaboration of this document An international Standard such as the IEC 60364 series “Low voltage Electrical Installations” specifies extensively the rules to comply with to ensure safety and correct operational functioning of all types of electrical installations As the Standard must be extensive, and has to be applicable to all types of equipment and the technical solutions in use worldwide, the text of the IEC rules is complex, and not presented in a ready-to-use order The Standard cannot therefore be considered as a working handbook, but only as a reference document The aim of the present guide is to provide a clear, practical and stepby-step explanation for the complete study of an electrical installation, according to IEC 60364 series and other relevant IEC Standards The first chapter (A) presents the methodology to be used, and refers to all chapters of the guide according to the different steps of the study We all hope that you, the reader, will find this handbook genuinely helpful Schneider Electric S.A This technical guide is the result of a collective effort Responsible for the coordination of this edition: Laurent MISCHLER The Electrical Installation Guide is a single document covering the techniques and standards related to low-voltage electrical installations It is intended for electrical professionals in companies, design offices, inspection organisations, etc Edition: 2016 This Technical Guide is aimed at professional users and is only intended to provide them guidelines for the definition of an industrial, tertiary or domestic electrical installation Information and guidelines contained in this Guide are provided AS IS Schneider Electric makes no warranty of any kind, whether express or implied, such as but not limited to the warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose, nor assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed in this Guide, nor represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights The purpose of this guide is to facilitate the implementation of International installation standards for designers & contractors, but in all cases the original text of International or local standards in force shall prevail Price: 60 € ISBN: 978.2.9531643.3.6 N° dépôt légal: 1er semestre 2008 © Schneider Electric All rights reserved in all countries This new edition has been published to take into account changes in techniques, standards and regulations, in particular electrical installation standard IEC 60364 series We thank all the readers of the previous edition of this guide for their comments that have helped improve the current edition We also thank the many people and organisations, too numerous to name here, who have contributed in one way or another to the preparation of this guide Acknowlegements This guide has been realized by a team of experienced international experts, on the base of IEC 60364 series of standard, and include the latest developments in electrical standardization We shall mention particularly the following experts and their area of expertise: Chapter Christian Collombet D, G Bernard Jover Jacques Schonek D, G, L, M, N Didier Fulchiron B Jean-Marc Biasse Didier Mignardot R B J, P Eric Bettega E Pascal Lepretre E Emmanuel Genevray E, P Eric Breuillé F Didier Segura F Fleur Janet K Franck Mégret G Geoffroy De-Labrouhe K Jean Marc Lupin Daniel Barstz Hervé Lambert Jérome Lecomte Matthieu Guillot Jean-François Rey Thierry Corménier Franck Gruffaz L, M N N, A H F, H, P F B K, S Tools for more efficiency in electrical installation design Electrical installation Wiki The Electrical Installation Guide is also available on-line as a wiki in languages: > in English en.electrical-installation.org > in Russian ru.electrical-installation.org > in Chinese cn.electrical-installation.org > in German de.electrical-installation.org English Russian Our experts constantly contribute to its evolution Industry and academic professionals can collaborate too! Chinese German Power Management Blog In the Schneider Electric blog, you will find the best tips about standards, tools, software, safety and latest technical news shared by our experts You will find even more information about innovations and business opportunities This is your place to leave us your comments and to engage discussion about your expertise You might want to share with your Twitter or LinkedIn followers blog.schneider-electric.com/power-management-metering-monitoring-power-quality Schneider Electric - Electrical installation guide 2016 Online Electrical calculation Tools A set of tools designed to help you: ppdisplay on one chart the time-current curves of different circuit-breakers or fuses ppcheck the discrimination between two circuit-breakers or fuses, or two Residual Current devices (RCD), search all the circuit-breakers or fuses that can be selective/cascading with a defined circuit-breaker or fuse ppcalculate the Cross Section Area of cables and build a cable schedule ppcalculate the voltage drop of a defined cable and check the maximum length Online tools hto.power.schneider-electric.com/int/en Ecodial Advanced Calculation The new Ecodial Advanced Calculation software is dedicated to electrical installation calculation in accordance with IEC60364 international standard or national standards This 4th generation offers new features like: pp management of operating mode (parallel transformers, back-up generators…) pp discrimination analysis associating curves checking and discrimination tables, direct access to protection settings Schneider Electric - Electrical installation guide 2016 Electrical installation guide 2016 Foreword Etienne TISON, International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) TC64 Chairman The task of the IEC Technical Committee 64 is to develop and keep up-todate requirements - for the protection of persons against electrical shock, and - for the design, verification and implementation of low voltage electrical installations Series of standard such as IEC 60364 developed by IEC TC64 is considered by the international community as the basis of the majority of national low-voltage wiring rules IEC 60364 series is mainly focussed on safety due the use of electricity by people who may not be aware of risk resulting from the use of electricity But modern electrical installations are increasingly complex, due to external input such as - electromagnetic disturbances - energy efficiency - Consequently, designers, installers and consumers need guidance on the selection and installation of electrical equipment Schneider Electric has developed this Electrical Installation Guide dedicated to low voltage electrical installations It is based on IEC TC64 standards such as IEC 60364 series and provides additional information in order to help designers, contractors and controllers for implementing correct low-voltage electrical installations As TC64 Chairman, it is my great pleasure and honour to introduce this guide I am sure it will be used fruitfully by all persons involved in the implementation of all low-voltage electrical installations Etienne TISON has been working with Schneider Electric since 1978 He has been always involved is various activities in low voltage field In 2008, Etienne TISON has been appointed Chairman of IEC TC64 as well as Chairman of CENELEC TC64 Etienne TISON General rules of electrical installation design A Connection to the MV utility distribution network B Connection to the LV utility distribution network C MV & LV architecture selection guide for buildings D LV Distribution E Protection against electric shocks and electric fires F Sizing and protection of conductors G LV switchgear: functions & selection H Overvoltage protection J Energy efficiency in electrical distribution K Power Factor Correction L Harmonic management M Characteristics of particular sources and loads N Photovoltaic installations P Residential and other special locations Q EMC guidelines R Measurement S This guide has been written for electrical Engineers who have to design, select electrical equipment, install these equipment and, inspect or maintain low-voltage electrical installations in compliance with international Standards of the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) “Which technical solution will guarantee that all relevant safety rules are met?” This question has been a permanent guideline for the elaboration of this document An international Standard such as the IEC 60364 series “Low voltage Electrical Installations” specifies extensively the rules to comply with to ensure safety and correct operational functioning of all types of electrical installations As the Standard must be extensive, and has to be applicable to all types of equipment and the technical solutions in use worldwide, the text of the IEC rules is complex, and not presented in a ready-to-use order The Standard cannot therefore be considered as a working handbook, but only as a reference document The aim of the present guide is to provide a clear, practical and stepby-step explanation for the complete study of an electrical installation, according to IEC 60364 series and other relevant IEC Standards The first chapter (A) presents the methodology to be used, and refers to all chapters of the guide according to the different steps of the study We all hope that you, the reader, will find this handbook genuinely helpful Schneider Electric S.A This technical guide is the result of a collective effort Responsible for the coordination of this edition: Laurent MISCHLER The Electrical Installation Guide is a single document covering the techniques and standards related to low-voltage electrical installations It is intended for electrical professionals in companies, design offices, inspection organisations, etc Edition: 2015 This Technical Guide is aimed at professional users and is only intended to provide them guidelines for the definition of an industrial, tertiary or domestic electrical installation Information and guidelines contained in this Guide are provided AS IS Schneider Electric makes no warranty of any kind, whether express or implied, such as but not limited to the warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose, nor assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed in this Guide, nor represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights The purpose of this guide is to facilitate the implementation of International installation standards for designers & contractors, but in all cases the original text of International or local standards in force shall prevail Price: 60 € ISBN: 978.2.9531643.3.6 N° dépôt légal: 1er semestre 2008 © Schneider Electric All rights reserved in all countries This new edition has been published to take into account changes in techniques, standards and regulations, in particular electrical installation standard IEC 60364 series We thank all the readers of the previous edition of this guide for their comments that have helped improve the current edition We also thank the many people and organisations, too numerous to name here, who have contributed in one way or another to the preparation of this guide General contents A General rules of electrical installation design Connection to the MV utility distribution network B C D Methodology Rules and statutory regulations Installed power loads - Characteristics Power loading of an installation Power supply at medium voltage B2 Procedure for the establishment of a new substation B10 Protection against electrical hazards, faults and mis-operations in electrical installations B12 The consumer substation with LV meteriang B23 The consumer substation with MV metering B26 Choice and use of MV equipment and MV/LV transformer B29 Substation including generators and parallel operation of transformers B37 Types and constitution of MV/LV distribution substations B40 Connection to the LV utility distribution network Low-voltage utility distribution networks Tariffs and metering MV & LV architecture selection guide for buildings Stakes of architecture design Simplified architecture design process Electrical installation characteristics Technological characteristics Architecture assessment criteria Choice of architecture fundamentals Choice of architecture details Choice of equipment Recommendations for architecture optimization 10 Glossary 11 Example: electrical installation in a printworks LV Distribution E F G A2 A5 A11 A17 Earthing schemes The installation system External influences Protection against electric shocks and electric fire General Protection against direct contact Protection against indirect contact Protection of goods in case of insulation fault Implementation of the TT system Implementation of the TN system Implementation of the IT system Residual current devices (RCDs) Arc Fault Detection Devices (AFDD) Sizing and protection of conductors C2 C16 D3 D4 D7 D11 D12 D14 D18 D25 D26 D30 D31 E2 E15 E34 F2 F4 F6 F17 F19 F23 F29 F36 F43 General Practical method for determining the smallest allowable cross-sectional area of circuit conductors Determination of voltage drop Short-circuit current Particular cases of short-circuit current Protective earthing conductor (PE) The neutral conductor G2 G7 Worked example of cable calculation G45 Schneider Electric - Electrical installation guide 2016 G19 G23 G29 G36 G41 General contents H LV switchgear: functions & selection The basic functions of LV switchgear The switchgear Choice of switchgear Circuit breaker H2 H5 H10 H11 Maintenance of low voltage switchgear H32 J Overvoltage protection Overvoltage of atmospheric origin Principle of lightning protection Design of the electrical installation protection system Installation of SPDs Application Technical supplements K Energy Efficiency in electrical distribution L Power Factor Correction M Harmonic management Energy Efficiency in brief Energy efficiency and electricity Diagnostics through electrical measurement Energy saving opportunities How to evaluate energy savings The problem: why is it necessary to manage harmonics? Definition and origin of harmonics Essential indicators of harmonic distortion and measurement principles Harmonic measurement in electrical networks Main effects of harmonics in electrical installations Standards Solutions to mitigate harmonics N Characteristics of particular sources and loads P Photovoltaic installations K2 K3 K10 K13 K29 Power factor and Reactive power L2 Why to improve the power factor? L6 How to improve the power factor? L8 Where to install power factor correction capacitors? L11 How to determine the optimum level of compensation? L13 Compensation at the terminals of a transformer L16 Power factor correction of induction motors L19 Example of an installation before and after power-factor correction L21 The effects of harmonics L22 10 Implementation of capacitor banks L26 J2 J7 J13 J24 J28 J32 Protection of a LV generator set and the downstream circuits Uninterruptible Power Supply units (UPS) Protection of LV/LV transformers Lighting circuits Asynchronous motors Benefits of photovoltaic energy Background and technology PV System and Installation Rules PV installation architectures Monitoring Schneider Electric - Electrical installation guide 2016 M2 M3 M7 M10 M13 M20 M21 N2 N11 N24 N27 N55 P2 P3 P10 P16 P29 R - EMC guidelines Wiring recommendations 5.1 Signal classes (see Fig R37) Unshielded cables of different groups - Power connections (supply + PE) Shielded cables of different groups - Relay connections Device e h NO! Ground reference plane YES! - Analogue link (sensor) - Digital link (bus) Risk of cross-talk in common mode if e < h Sensitive cable Sensitive cable Disturbing cable Disturbing cable b Class Relay contacts This class is not very sensitive, but disturbs the other classes (switching, arcs when contacts open) YES! Fig R38: Wiring recommendations for cables carrying different types of signals NO! b Class Digital circuits (HF switching) This class is sensitive to pulses, but also disturbs the following class b Class Analogue input/output circuits (low-level measurements, active sensor supply circuits) This class is sensitive YES! Standard cable Fig R37: Internal signals can be grouped in four classes Four classes of internal signals are: b Class Mains power lines, power circuits with a high di/dt, switch-mode converters, powerregulation control devices This class is not very sensitive, but disturbs the other classes (particularly in common mode) u1m 30 cm NO! Cross incompatible cables at right angles It is a good idea to use conductors with a specific colour for each class to facilitate identification and separate the classes This is useful during design and troubleshooting Two distinct pairs 5.2 Wiring recommendations Poorly implemented ribbon cable Correctly implemented ribbon cable Digital connection Analogue pair Bonding wires Fig R39 : Use of cables and ribbon cable Cables carrying different types of signals must be physically separated (see Fig R38 above) Disturbing cables (classes and 2) must be placed at some distance from the sensitive cables (classes and 4) (see Fig R38 and Fig R39) In general, a 10 cm separation between cables laid flat on sheet metal is sufficient (for both common and differential modes) If there is enough space, a distance of 30 cm is preferable If cables must be crossed, this should be done at right angles to avoid cross-talk (even if they touch) There are no distance requirements if the cables are separated by a metal partition that is equipotential with respect to the ECPs However, the height of the partition must be greater than the diameter of the cables © Schneider Electric all rights reserved R26 Schneider Electric - Electrical installation guide 2016 Wiring recommendations A cable should carry the signals of a single group (see Fig R40) If it is necessary to use a cable to carry the signals of different groups, internal shielding is necessary to limit cross-talk (differential mode) The shielding, preferably braided, must be bonded at each end for groups 1, and It is advised to overshield disturbing and sensitive cables (see Fig R41) The overshielding acts as a HF protection (common and differential modes) if it is bonded at each end using a circumferential connector, a collar or a clampere However, a simple bonding wire is not sufficient NO! Shielded pair Electronic control device Sensor Unshielded cable for stator control Electromechanical device YES! Bonded using a clamp Shielded pair + overshielding Electronic control device Sensor Shielded cable for stator control Electromechanical device Fig R41: Shielding and overshielding for disturbing and/or sensitive cables NO! Power + analogue Digital + relay contacts YES! Power + relay contacts Digital + analogue Avoid using a single connector for different groups (see Fig R42) Except where necessary for groups and (differential mode) If a single connector is used for both analogue and digital signals, the two groups must be separated by at least one set of contacts connected to 0 V used as a barrier All free conductors (reserve) must always be bonded at each end (see Fig R43) For group 4, these connections are not advised for lines with very low voltage and frequency levels (risk of creating signal noise, by magnetic induction, at the transmission frequencies) Shielding Power connections Digital connections Relay I/O connections Analogue connections Fig R40: Incompatible signals = different cables NO! YES! Electronic system NO! Electronic system YES! Wires not equipotentially bonded R27 Digital connections Fig R42: Segregation applies to connectors as well! Equipotential sheet metal panel Equipotential sheet metal panel Fig R43: Free wires must be equipotentially bonded © Schneider Electric all rights reserved Analogue connections Schneider Electric - Electrical installation guide 2016 R - EMC guidelines Wiring recommendations The two conductors must be installed as close together as possible (see Fig R44) This is particularly important for low-level sensors Even for relay signals with a common, the active conductors should be accompanied by at least one common conductor per bundle For analogue and digital signals, twisted pairs are a minimum requirement A twisted pair (differential mode) guarantees that the two wires remain together along their entire length NO! Area of loop too large PCB with relay contact I/Os YES! PCB with relay contact I/Os + Power supply + Power supply Fig R44: The two wires of a pair must always be run close together Group-1 cables not need to be shielded if they are filtered But they should be made of twisted pairs to ensure compliance with the previous section Cables must always be positioned along their entire length against the bonded metal parts of devices (see Fig R45) For example: Covers, metal trunking, structure, etc In order to take advantage of the dependable, inexpensive and significant reduction effect (common mode) and anticross-talk effect (differential mode) NO! YES! Chassis Chassis Chassis Chassis Chassis Chassis YES! Metal tray Power supply Power or disturbing cables Relay cables R28 NO! I/O interface Power supply I/O interface All metal parts (frame, structure, enclosures, etc.) are equipotential Fig R45: Run wires along their entire length against the bonded metal parts Measurement or sensitive cables The use of correctly bonded metal trunking considerably improves internal EMC (see Fig R46) © Schneider Electric all rights reserved Fig R46: Cable distribution in cable trays Schneider Electric - Electrical installation guide 2016 Chapter S Measurement Contents Measurement applications S2 Description of applications S3 Focus on IEC 61557-12 standard S7 3.1 PMD functions 3.2 Marking 3.3 Uncertainty over a measuring range S7 S8 S8 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Energy efficiency and cost savings Power availability and reliability Grid power quality Billing Cost allocation, bill checking and sub-billing S3 S4 S5 S6 S6 © Schneider Electric all rights reserved S1 Schneider Electric - Electrical installation guide 2016 Measurement applications S - Measurement This chapter is an introduction to the different applications of measurements, and to the main standards relevant for these different applications There are different kinds of application that need measurement Basically, applications can be split between categories, as described in Figure S1 Supply Side Generation Transmission Demand Side Distribution Consumers Substation Residential Power Plant Centralised generation Billing Grid-level Billing Industry Substation Buildings Substation Billing Infrastructure Grid Power Quality Grid Power Quality (contractual) Renewable energy plants Decentralised generation Fig S1: The five main measurement applications in relationship to the supply side and the demand side © Schneider Electric all rights reserved S2 Schneider Electric - Electrical installation guide 2016 Data Centers Cost allocation, Bill checking, Sub-billing Energy efficiency and cost savings Energy usage analysis Power availability and reliability Description of applications 2.1 Energy efficiency and cost savings For this application, energy needs to be measured in order to make it more efficient, to allocate it within a plant, or to reduce its cost Energy efficiency aspects are dealt with in more details in chapter K The main standards are specified below: Installation standard ISO 50001 Energy Management Systems – Requirements with guidance for use Measuring methods standard IEC 61557-12 Power Metering and Monitoring devices Product standard IEC 61557-12 Power Metering and Monitoring devices IEC 60364-8-1 Low voltage installations – Part 8-1: Energy Efficiency Fig S2: Standards for Energy Efficiency, cost allocation & optimization See also recommendations provided in chapter S.4 Acti9 iEM2000 series energy meters Schneider Electric Acti9 iEM3000 series energy meters Schneider Electric Fig S3: Examples of products compliant with IEC 61557-12, for Energy Efficiency © Schneider Electric all rights reserved S3 Schneider Electric - Electrical installation guide 2016 S - Measurement 2.2 Power availability and reliability In order to operate an electrical installation, it is recommended that measurement of the main characteristics of the supply such as voltage, current, frequency, and/or active power are provided as a minimum Some electrical phenomena can have an impact on both installation assets and operations within a plant (e.g unbalance can reduce the life time of motors, dips can stop a process, etc.) The following table describes the main problems that can occur in a network: Parameter Measurement Influence on installation energy Influence on installation efficiency performance Power Factor (PF or cos phi) PF Low PF generates additional losses in the installation Energy provider is charging penalties to the customer Cables heating (cables need to be oversized) Voltage and current THDu harmonics THDi Negative sequence harmonics (u2) are slowing motors down Harmonics generates extra losses in the installation Early failure of some devices, mainly motors Permanent or frequent deviations of voltage U Devices may work outside their specified range, and they may over consume, mainly motors Early failure of some devices, mainly motors Voltage unbalance Uimb Voltage unbalance generates extra losses in motors Early failure of some devices, mainly motors Dips and interruptions Udip Uint - Process interruption with financial impacts Frequency f - Rotating machines may change their speed according to frequency Flicker or RVC Pst RVC - These phenomena can generate disturbing phenomena on lighting Fig S4 : Main problems that can occur in an electrical network, and their potential consequences The main standards are specified below: Installation needs /standard Measuring methods standard Voltage, current and frequency indication - Electrical Distribution Monitoring Product standard IEC 60051 Direct acting indicating analog electrical measuring instruments IEC 61557-12 IEC 61557-12 Power Metering and Monitoring devices Power Metering and Monitoring devices IEC 61000-4-30 Testing and measuring techniques – Power quality measurement methods IEC 61557-12 Power Metering and Monitoring devices and IEC 62586-2 Power quality measurement in power supply systems - Functional tests and uncertainty requirements (Compliance to IEC 62586-2 means compliance to IEC 61000-4-30) © Schneider Electric all rights reserved S4 Fig S5: Standards for power availability and reliability Schneider Electric - Electrical installation guide 2016 Description of applications Compact NSX circuit breaker equipped with a Micrologic trip unit, Schneider Electric PowerLogic PM5000 series power meters Schneider Electric PowerLogic PM8000 series power meters Schneider Electric Fig S6: Examples of products compliant with IEC 61557-12, for Electrical Distribution Monitoring 2.3 Grid power quality Some regulations or specific contracts require energy providers to keep voltage characteristics at any supply terminal within specified limits These specifications cover limits or values related to voltage, frequency, rapid voltage changes, harmonics, interharmonics, unbalance, dips, swells, interruptions, flicker, … Measurements are typically made on the energy provider side (to check delivered energy complies to the contract) and on the consumer side (to check received energy complies with the contract) with Power Quality Instruments class A according to IEC 61000-4-30 Application assessment standard Measuring methods standard EN 50160 IEC 61000-4-30 Voltage characteristics of electricity supplied by public electricity networks Product standard IEC 62586-2 Testing and measuring techniques – Power quality measurement methods IEC/TS 62749 Assessment of Power Quality – Characteristics of electricity supplied by public electricity networks Power quality measurement in power supply systems - Functional tests and uncertainty requirements (Compliance to IEC 62586-2 means compliance to IEC 61000-4-30) Fig S7: Standards for Grid power quality assessment PowerLogic ION8800 Power Quality Device Schneider Electric PowerLogic ION8650 Power Quality Device Schneider Electric Fig S8: Examples of products compliant with IEC 61000-4-30 for Grid Power Quality Schneider Electric - Electrical installation guide 2016 S5 © Schneider Electric all rights reserved PowerLogic ION7550/ION7650 Power Quality Device Schneider Electric S - Measurement Description of applications 2.4 Billing Billing is the process that allows energy suppliers or their representatives to invoice their customers according to a defined contract, for measured usages or services These applications are covered by international, regional or local standards in addition to utility specifications Regulations such as MID in Europe or NMI M-6 in Australia, LBM-EG-07 in Canada, JJG 596 in China … can apply additionally These applications are intended to protect the energy consumers and energy providers against incorrect or fraudulent metering In most cases the meter used by the energy provider is installed at the consumer location, this is why attention is focused on avoiding frauds This intent is achieved through setting out requirements: b on meter performance (accuracy of active electrical energy meters, construction of meters where a third party assessment may be requested) b on securing meters against tampering (sealing of the meter housing, securing the metrologically relevant software, securing the meter configuration parameters and interfaces) b on marking of meters, including marking of manufacturing year in order to allow accuracy verification with a time interval defined by national codes Devices for billing applications are devices with specific legal metrology requirements, and are then subject to specific requirements such as periodic verification (usually every to 10 years) according to local regulations 2.5 Cost allocation, bill checking and sub-billing Sub-billing is the process that allows a landlord, property management firm, condominium association, homeowner association or other multi-tenant property to spread out an invoice over tenants, for measured usages or services This fee is usually combined with other fees within a tenant’s facility fee Since the meter used for sub billing is typically installed in electrical room not accessible by the tenant, the risk of fraud is very limited This is why devices complying with IEC 61557-12 as well as devices used for billing applications can be used for sub-billing applications Attention should be put on environmental aspects where the device used for sub-billing needs to fit EMC, temperature and mechanical environment In any case, measuring devices used in for sub-billing in switchboards and panels need to comply with IEC 61557-12 Cost allocation is the process that allows a facility manager to allocate energy costs to internal cost centers that consume energy (e.g plants, workshop, … ) Bill checking is the process that allows customers to check invoice sent by energy suppliers or their representatives is correct © Schneider Electric all rights reserved S6 Schneider Electric - Electrical installation guide 2016 Focus on IEC 61557-12 standard Increasingly, digital equipment is replacing analog equipment in electrical installations It supports more accurate measurement of new values and is able to make these available to users at both local and remote locations Devices intended to perform monitoring have various characteristics which require a shared reference system This system must allow users to make easier choices in terms of performance levels, dependability and to interpret different measured parameters All these various measuring devices (referred to as “PMD” for “Power Metering and Monitoring Device”) have to meet the requirements of international standard IEC 61557-12: "Electrical safety in low voltage distribution systems up to 1000V a.c and 1500 V d.c – Equipment for testing, measuring or monitoring of protective measures – Part 12: Power Metering and monitoring devices (PMD)" The standard gives a list of the main requirements applicable to PMD with guidance about sensors to use (in case sensors are requested) 3.1 PMD functions All the possible electrical parameters to be measured are listed For each parameter, a list of requirements is specified, such as the rated range of operation, the range of influence quantities, the measurement techniques, etc The considered electrical parameters are given here: b Active energy (classes are equivalent to the classes defined in IEC 62053-21 and IEC 62053-22), b Reactive energy (classes are equivalent to the classes defined in IEC 62053-23) b Apparent energy, b Active, reactive and apparent power, b Frequency, b r.m.s phase and neutral current, b r.m.s voltage, b Power factor, b Voltage dip and swell, b Voltage interruption, b Voltage unbalance, b Harmonic voltage and distortion, b Harmonic current and distortion, b Maximum, minimum, peak, average, demand and values © Schneider Electric all rights reserved S7 Schneider Electric - Electrical installation guide 2016 S - Measurement 3.2 Marking According to this standard, devices have a code denoting their installation options, operating temperature range and accuracy class As a result, it has become significantly easier to select and identify these devices (see Fig S9) PowerLogic PM8000 series power meter complying with IEC 61557-12 as: PMD/SD/K70/0,2 and PMD/SS/K70/0,2 c = current Measurement: S = with external sensor D = Direct measurement v = voltage Measurement: S = with external sensor D = Direct measurement K = temperature class K55 = -5°C to + 55°C K70 = -25°C to + 70°C p = active energy performance class 0,2 = class 0,2 0,5 = class 0,5 = class = class PMD / cv / Ktt / p Fig S9: Identifying measuring devices in accordance with IEC 61557-12 3.3 Uncertainty over a measuring range The notion of performance classes (e.g class for active energy measurement) specified by IEC 61557-12 is much more than a requirement related to uncertainty at nominal current b intrinsic uncertainty: compliance covers performance under two sets of reference conditions b operating uncertainty: compliance covers performance under 12 environmental and electromagnetic influence quantities which typically affect PMD operation b overall system uncertainty: some information is provided about how to estimate uncertainty of a PMD operating with external sensors 3.3.1 Intrinsic uncertainty Intrinsic uncertainty is the uncertainty of a measuring instrument when used under reference conditions (e.g at 23°C) for different Power Factor values In this standard, it is a percentage of the measured value (readings) Figure S10 specifies intrinsic uncertainty limits for class and class 0,2 active energy measurement at Power Factor = 1, according to Table of IEC 61557-12 Uncertainty +/- 1,5% class of IEC 61557-12 +/- 1% readings class 0,2 of IEC 61557-12 +/- 0,4% +/- 0,2% readings 1% In (eg 1A) 2% In (eg 2A) 5% In (eg 5A) Fig S10: Uncertainty limits for active energy at Power Factor = © Schneider Electric all rights reserved S8 Schneider Electric - Electrical installation guide 2016 100% In (eg 100A) Imax (eg 130A) Focus on IEC 61557-12 standard Fig S11 specifies intrinsic uncertainty limits for class and class 0,2 active energy measurement at Power Factor = 0,5 inductive and 0,8 capacitive, according to Table of IEC 61557-12 Uncertainty +/- 1,5% class of IEC 61557-12 +/- 1% readings +/- 0,4% class 0,2 of IEC 61557-12 +/- 0,3% readings 1% In (eg 1A) 2% In (eg 2A) 5% In 10% In (eg 5A) (eg 10A) 100% In (eg 100A) Imax (eg 130A) Fig S11 : Uncertainty limits for active energy at Power Factor = 0,5 inductive and 0,8 capacitive IEC 61557-12 also specifies requirements about no-load conditions and starting current 3.3.2 Operating uncertainty (based on variations due to influence quantities) Operating uncertainty is the uncertainty under the rated operating conditions (including drifts related to temperature, frequency, EMC, ….) IEC61557-12 specifies tests and uncertainty maximum variation of uncertainty due to various influence quantities such as ambient T°, frequency, unbalance, harmonics and EMC Maximum uncertainty variation for active energy measurements according to table of IEC 61557-12 Influence quantities Conditions for class for class 0,2 Ambient T° PF = PF = 0,5 Ind 0,05% / °K 0,07% /°K 0,01% / °K 0,02% /°K Aux Power supply 24Vdc +/-15% 0,1% 0,02% Voltage PF = 1; 80% / 120% Un PF = 0,5Ind; 80% / 120% Un 0,7% 1% 0,1% 0,2% Frequency 49Hz 51Hz / 59Hz 61Hz PF = 49Hz 51Hz / 59Hz 61Hz PF = 0,5 0,5% 0,7% 0,1% 0,1% 1,5% 0,05% to 10% 2% 0,5% Reversed phase sequence Voltage unbalance Phase missing One or phase missing 2% 0,4% Harmonic in current and voltage 10%Un 5th 20%Imax 5th Odd harmonic in current Odd harmonic in tension 0,8% 3% 3% 0,38% 0,6% 0,6% Common mode voltage rejection 0,5% 0,2% Permanent a.c magnetic induction 0,5 mT 2% 2% Electromagnetic RF fields 2% 0,98% Conducted disturbances induced by RF fields 2% 0,98% Fig S12: Tests related to influencing quantities Overall system uncertainty Overall system uncertainty is the uncertainty including the instrumental uncertainty of several separated instruments (sensors, wires, measuring instrument, etc.) under the rated operating conditions In case sensors are embedded in the power meter, overall system uncertainty and operating uncertainty are the same In case sensors are external, it is recommended to use sensors with the same performance class as the power meter Schneider Electric - Electrical installation guide 2016 S9 © Schneider Electric all rights reserved 3.3.3 Schneider Electric - Electrical installation guide 2016 This guide has been written for electrical Engineers who have to design, select electrical equipment, install these equipment and, inspect or maintain low-voltage electrical installations in compliance with international Standards of the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) “Which technical solution will guarantee that all relevant safety rules are met?” This question has been a permanent guideline for the elaboration of this document An international Standard such as the IEC 60364 series “Low voltage Electrical Installations” specifies extensively the rules to comply with to ensure safety and correct operational functioning of all types of electrical installations As the Standard must be extensive, and has to be applicable to all types of equipment and the technical solutions in use worldwide, the text of the IEC rules is complex, and not presented in a ready-to-use order The Standard cannot therefore be considered as a working handbook, but only as a reference document The aim of the present guide is to provide a clear, practical and stepby-step explanation for the complete study of an electrical installation, according to IEC 60364 series and other relevant IEC Standards The first chapter (A) presents the methodology to be used, and refers to all chapters of the guide according to the different steps of the study We all hope that you, the reader, will find this handbook genuinely helpful Schneider Electric S.A This technical guide is the result of a collective effort Responsible for the coordination of this edition: Laurent MISCHLER The Electrical Installation Guide is a single document covering the techniques and standards related to low-voltage electrical installations It is intended for electrical professionals in companies, design offices, inspection organisations, etc Edition: 2015 This Technical Guide is aimed at professional users and is only intended to provide them guidelines for the definition of an industrial, tertiary or domestic electrical installation Information and guidelines contained in this Guide are provided AS IS Schneider Electric makes no warranty of any kind, whether express or implied, such as but not limited to the warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose, nor assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed in this Guide, nor represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights The purpose of this guide is to facilitate the implementation of International installation standards for designers & contractors, but in all cases the original text of International or local standards in force shall prevail Price: 60 € ISBN: 978.2.9531643.3.6 N° dépôt légal: 1er semestre 2008 © Schneider Electric All rights reserved in all countries This new edition has been published to take into account changes in techniques, standards and regulations, in particular electrical installation standard IEC 60364 series We thank all the readers of the previous edition of this guide for their comments that have helped improve the current edition We also thank the many people and organisations, too numerous to name here, who have contributed in one way or another to the preparation of this guide 2016 Electrical installation guide Electrical installation guide According to IEC international standards 35, rue Joseph Monier CS30323 F-92506 Rueil-Malmaison Cedex RCS Nanterre 954 503 439 Capital social 928 298 512 € www.schneider-electric.com EIGED306001EN ART.822690 As standards, specifications and designs change from time to time, please ask for confirmation of the information given in this pubication ™ Schneider Electric Industries SAS This document has been printed on ecological paper ™ 01/2016 [...]... Electric - Electrical installation guide 2016 Q2 Q8 Q12 R2 R3 R5 R20 R26 S2 S3 S7 Schneider Electric - Electrical installation guide 2016 Chapter A General rules of electrical installation design A1 Contents 3 4 Methodology A2 Rules and statutory regulations A5 2.1 Definition of voltage ranges 2.2 Regulations 2.3 Standards 2.4 Quality and safety of an electrical installation 2.5 Initial testing of an installation. .. Extra-low-voltage lighting installations Low-voltage electrical installations - Requirements for special installations or locations - Mobile or transportable units Low-voltage electrical installations - Requirements for special installations or locations - Communal facilities and workplaces Low-voltage electrical installations - Requirements for special installations or locations - Electrical installations in... the existing electrical installations This subject is in real progress cause of the statistics with origin electrical installation (number of old and recognised dangerous electrical installations, existing installations not in adequation with the future needs etc.) Schneider Electric - Electrical installation guide 2016 2 Rules and statutory regulations A9 2.7 Periodic check-testing of an installation. .. Low-voltage electrical installations - Requirements for special installations or locations - Swimming pools and fountains Low-voltage electrical installations - Requirements for special installations or locations - Rooms and cabins containing sauna heaters Low-voltage electrical installations - Requirements for special installations or locations - Construction and demolition site installations Low-voltage electrical. .. locations Low-voltage electrical installations - Requirements for special installations or locations - Marinas and similar locations Low-voltage electrical installations - Requirements for special installations or locations - Medical locations Low-voltage electrical installations - Requirements for special installations or locations - Exhibitions, shows and stands Low-voltage electrical installations - Requirements... Requirements for special installations or locations - Solar photovoltaic (PV) power supply systems Low-voltage electrical installations - Requirements for special installations or locations - Furniture Low-voltage electrical installations - Requirements for special installations or locations - External lighting installations Low-voltage electrical installations - Requirements for special installations or locations... Low-voltage electrical installations - Protection for safety - Protection against voltage disturbances and electromagnetic disturbances Low-voltage electrical installations - Selection and erection of electrical equipment - Common rules Low-voltage electrical installations - Selection and erection of electrical equipment - Wiring systems Low-voltage electrical installations - Selection and erection of electrical. .. Low-voltage electrical installations - Requirements for special installations or locations - Operating or maintenance gangways Low-voltage electrical installations - Requirements for special installations or locations - Temporary electrical installations for structures, amusement devices and booths at fairgrounds, amusement parks and circuses Low-voltage electrical installations - Requirements for special installations... switching and control Low-voltage electrical installations - Selection and erection of electrical equipment - Earthing arrangements and protective conductors Low-voltage electrical installations - Selection and erection of electrical equipment - Other equipment Low-voltage electrical installations - Verification Low-voltage electrical installations - Requirements for special installations or locations -... The electrical equipment comply with relevant product standards b The initial checking of conformity of the electrical installation with the standard and regulation has been achieved b The periodic checking of the installation recommended is respected Schneider Electric - Electrical installation guide 2016 © Schneider Electric - all rights reserved IEC 60664 IEC 60715 A - General rules of electrical installation