Basic Sentence Structures and Patterns basic sentence patterns in English • • • • • • • S-V S-V-O S-V-A S-V-O-A S-V-O-O S-V-C S-V-O-C Subject – Verb There are main elements of a sentence: Subject and Verb Examples: It is raining The chickens are eating The child is sleeping Subject – Transitive Verb [Ngoại Động Từ] – Object In this pattern, an object is required after the verb The Object can be a Noun, Noun Phrase, Pronoun, Gerund (V-ing) and That- Clause - Ngoại động từ động từ bắt buộc phải có tân ngữ theo sau Tân ngữ theo sau ngoại động từ danh từ, cụm danh từ, đại từ, danh động từ mệnh đề That Examples: The dog is chasing the mouse S V O (Noun Phrase) They are finishing writing the report S V O (Gerund) The sales report shows that our company is going bankrupt S V O (That – Clause) The sales figures are incorrect I am looking at them S V O (Pronouns) Subject – Intransitive Verb [Nội Động Từ] – Adverb Intransitive verbs are verbs that not require any abject - Nội động từ động từ không cần tân ngữ theo sau Adverbs can be of time, place, manner, prepositional phrase Examples: The new employee works hard S V A (manner) Profits increased steadily last year S V A (manner – time) The children are playing in the garden S V A (place – prepositional phrase) Subject – Transitive Verb – Object – Adverb Examples: The dog is chasing the little mouse in the garden S V O A Page of We were studying English in the library this time yesterday S V O A Subject – Di-transitive Verb – Indirect Object [Tân ngữ gián tiếp] – Direct Object [Tân ngữ trực tiếp] Di-transitive verbs require objects: indirect object (people) and direct object (things) Examples: I will give an outstanding employee an award S V IO DO The store sent us a number of receipts S V IO DO Notes: We can change the position of the direct and indirect objects (Vị trí tân ngữ đổi cho nhau, trường hợp giới từ “TO” “FOR” phải sử dụng tân ngữ.) I will give an award to an outstanding employee DO + preposition + IO The store sent a number of receipts to us The teacher taught British and American cultures to us Some di-transitive verbs are: bring, tell, send, show, teach, promise, buy, throw, write, sell, owe, grant, allow, feed, pass, read, take, offer, give, pay, lend, etc Subject – Linking Verb – Complement Linking verbs: be, get, become, keep, remain, look, sound, seem = appear, feel, find, etc Complement: Adjective, Noun Phrase In this pattern, the adjective describes the state of the subject or the noun phrase gives additional information / explanation about the subject Examples: The serious problem was difficult to solve S V C (adjective) The company’s products remain competitive S V C (adjective) The famous speaker is our supervisor S V C (noun phrase) Subject – Transitive Verb – Object – Complement This pattern contains an object complement, which modifies the object and comes after it Object complement can be an adjective or a noun / noun phrase Examples: Last month’s bonuses made me happy S V O C (adjective) We chose Mary our group leader S V O C (noun phrase) Page of Page of