NLU-FIT Advanced Computer Networks Mạng Máy Tính Nâng Cao Chương 2:WAN AND ROUTER Objective Advanced Computer Networks      NLU-FIT   Identify organizations responsible for WAN standards Explain the difference between a WAN and LAN and the type of addresses each uses Describe the role of a router in a WAN Identify internal components of the router and describe their functions Describe the physical characteristics of the router Identify common ports on a router Properly connect Ethernet, serial WAN, and console ports Objective  Advanced Computer Networks      NLU-FIT   Describe the purpose of the IOS Describe the basic operation of the IOS Identify various IOS features Identify the methods to establish a commandline interface (CLI) session with the router Move between the user command executive (user EXEC) and privileged EXEC modes Establish a HyperTerminal session on a router Log into a router Use the help feature in the command line interface NLU-FIT Advanced Computer Networks WAN STANDARDS -WAN Devices WAN Devices  NLU-FIT Advanced Computer Networks    Routers offer many services, including internetworking and WAN interface ports Switches in the WAN provide connectivity for voice, data, and video communication Modems include interface voice-grade services, channel service units/digital service units (CSU/DSUs) that interface T1/E1 services, and Terminal Adapters/Network Termination (TA/NT1s) that interface Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) services Communication servers concentrate dial-in and dial-out user communication WAN Standards NLU-FIT Advanced Computer Networks    WAN physical layer protocols describe how to provide electrical, mechanical, operational, and functional connections for WAN services WAN data link protocols describe how frames are carried between systems on a single data link WAN standards are defined and managed by a number of recognized authorities, including the following agencies:  International Telecommunication Union-Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T), formerly the Consultative Committee for International Telegraph and Telephone (CCITT)  International Organization for Standardization (ISO)  Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)  Electronic Industries Association (EIA) NLU-FIT Advanced Computer Networks WAN physical layer protocols NLU-FIT Advanced Computer Networks WAN data link protocols WAN data link protocols Advanced Computer Networks   NLU-FIT  High-Level Data Link Control (HDLC) an IEEE standard; may not be compatible with different vendors because of the way each vendor has chosen to implement it HDLC supports both point-to-point and multipoint configurations with minimal overhead Frame Relay uses high-quality digital facilities; uses simplified framing with no error correction mechanisms, which means it can send Layer information much more rapidly than other WAN protocols Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) described by RFC 1661; two standards developed by the IETF; contains a protocol field to identify the network layer protocol NLU-FIT Advanced Computer Networks 10 WAN data link protocols    Link Access Procedure Balanced (LAPB) data link protocol used by X.25; has extensive error checking capabilities Link Access Procedure D-channel (LAPD) the WAN data link protocol used for signaling and call setup on an ISDN D-channel Data transmissions take place on the ISDN B channels Link Access Procedure Frame (LAPF) for Frame-Mode Bearer Services; a WAN data link protocol, similar to LAPD, used with frame relay technologies NLU-FIT Advanced Computer Networks 82 Configuring interface description Advanced Computer Networks 83 Configuring interface description NLU-FIT Enter global configuration mode by entering the command configure terminal Enter specific interface mode (for example interface Ethernet 0) interface ethernet Enter the command description followed by the information that is to be displayed For example, XYZ Network, Building 18 Exit interface mode back to privileged EXEC mode by using the command ctrl-Z Save the configuration changes to NVRAM by using the command copy running-config startup-config NLU-FIT Advanced Computer Networks 84 Configuring interface description Host name resolution NLU-FIT Advanced Computer Networks 85    To associate a host name with an IP address A list of host names and their associated IP addresses is called a host table Host names, unlike DNS names, are significant only on the router on which they are configured 86 Configuring host tables NLU-FIT Advanced Computer Networks Enter global configuration mode in the router Enter the command ip host followed by the name of the router and all IP addresses associated with the interfaces on each router Continue entering until all routers in the network are entered Save the configuration to NVRAM Managing configuration files NLU-FIT Advanced Computer Networks 87     After making changes to a configuration, consider these options for the next step: Make the changed configuration the new startup configuration Return the device to its original configuration Remove all configuration from the device Backup Configuration on TFTP Server NLU-FIT Advanced Computer Networks 88  Backup Configuration on TFTP Server • Enter the copy running-config tftp command • Enter the IP address of the host where the configuration file will be stored • Enter the name to assign to the configuration file • Answer yes to confirm each choice Removing All Configurations  • • erase startup-config reload router NLU-FIT Advanced Computer Networks 89 Restore Configuration from a TFTP NLU-FIT Advanced Computer Networks 90 Backup Configurations with Text Capture NLU-FIT Advanced Computer Networks 91 Backup Configurations with Text Capture Restoring Text Configurations NLU-FIT Advanced Computer Networks 92  When using HyperTerminal, the steps are: • Locate the file to be copied into the device and open the text document • Copy all of the text • On the Edit menu, click paste to host  When using TeraTerm, the steps are: • On the File menu, click Send file • Locate the file to be copied into the device and click Open • TeraTerm will paste the file into the device NLU-FIT Advanced Computer Networks 93 Executing adds, moves, and changes NLU-FIT Advanced Computer Networks 94 Working with release 11.x Examining the show commands NLU-FIT Advanced Computer Networks 95       show interfaces – Displays all the statistics for all the interfaces on the router For example: Router#show interfaces serial 0/1 show controllers serial – Displays informationspecific to the interface hardware show version – Displays information about the router and the IOS that is running in RAM show protocol – Displays the global and interface specific status of any configured Layer protocols show startup-config – Displays the saved configuration located in NVRAM show running-config – Displays the configuration currently running in RAM Examining the show commands 96  Advanced Computer Networks     NLU-FIT  show clock – Shows the time set in the router show hosts – Displays a cached list of host names and addresses show users – Displays all users who are connected to the router show history – Displays a history of commands that have been entered show flash – Displays information about flash memory and what IOS files are stored there show ARP – Displays the ARP table of the router [...]... content delivery, and voice NLU-FIT Advanced Computer Networks 22 Cisco Router Series NLU-FIT Advanced Computer Networks 23 Router Components NLU-FIT Advanced Computer Networks 24 Router Internal Components NLU-FIT Advanced Computer Networks 25 Router Internal Components NLU-FIT Advanced Computer Networks 26 Router Internal Components Router Internal Components 27  NLU-FIT Advanced Computer Networks... from 51.84 Mbps (OC-1) to 9,9 52 Mbps (OC1 92) Analog services 17  NLU-FIT Advanced Computer Networks   Dial-up modems (switched analog) Cable modems (shared analog) Wireless WAN Technology-CompleteView NLU-FIT Advanced Computer Networks 18 Mạng Máy Tính Nâng Cao ROUTER BASICS Routers are Computers NLU-FIT Advanced Computer Networks 19  Routers are at the network center • A router connects multiple networks... of an RJ-45 jack WAN Interfaces • Are used to connect routers to external networks that interconnect LANs • Depending on the WAN technology, a layer 2 address may be used • Uses a layer 3 IP address NLU-FIT Advanced Computer Networks 32 Router Interfaces Routers and the Network Layer NLU-FIT Advanced Computer Networks 33   The main purpose of a router is to connect multiple networks and forward packets... network • Each network that a router connects to typically requires a separate interface These interfaces are used to connect a combination of both Local Area Networks (LANs) and Wide Area Networks (WANs) Routers are Computers NLU-FIT Advanced Computer Networks 20  Routers determine the best path: The primary responsibility of a router is to direct packets destined for local and remote networks by: •... A router is considered a Layer 3 device because its primary forwarding decision is based on the information in the Layer 3 IP packet, specifically the destination IP address This process is known as routing Routers and the Network Layer NLU-FIT Advanced Computer Networks 34  Routers Operate at Layers 1, 2 & 3 • • • • Router receives a stream of encoded bits Bits are decoded and passed to layer 2 Router. .. wire and optical fiber Cell-Switched Services ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) closely related to broadband ISDN; becoming an increasingly important WAN (and even LAN) technology; uses small, fixed length (53 byte) frames to carry data; maximum bandwidth is currently 622 Mbps, though higher speeds are being developed; typical media are twisted-pair copper wire and optical fiber; usage is widespread and. .. Examples of interface types: NLU-FIT Advanced Computer Networks 28  • Ethernet / FastEthernet interfaces • Serial interfaces • Management interfaces Router Internal Components NLU-FIT Advanced Computer Networks 29     Interfaces – The router connections to the outside The three types of interfaces: • Local-area network (LANs), Router Interna • Wide-area network (WANs), l Components • Console/AUX The LAN... enables a router to send or receive packets Each interface connects to a separate network Consist of socket or jack found on the outside of a router Types of router interfaces: • • • • • • Ethernet Fastethernet Serial DSL ISDN Cable Router Interface NLU-FIT Advanced Computer Networks 31   Two major groups of Router Interfaces • LAN Interfaces • Are used to connect router to LAN network • Has a layer 2 MAC... Advanced Computer Networks 21 Evolution of Routers    NLU-FIT  Multiprotocol devices providing pure data delivery with minimal access control and QoS Intelligent Network Services, this allowed us to provide security capabilities like integrated firewall and encryption Integrated voice and data capabilities, allowing routers to provide voice gateway features for IP telephony Today the router is... links were more prone to errors, which make it reliable but limits its bandwidth; bandwidth may be as high as 2 Mbps; Frame Relay a packet-switched version of Narrowband ISDN; has become an extremely popular WAN technology in its own right; more efficient than X .25 , but with similar services; maximum bandwidth is 44.736 Mbps; 56kbps and 384kbps are extremely popular in the U.S.; usage is widespread; ... the help feature in the command line interface NLU-FIT Advanced Computer Networks WAN STANDARDS -WAN Devices WAN Devices  NLU-FIT Advanced Computer Networks    Routers offer many services,... NLU-FIT Advanced Computer Networks   Dial-up modems (switched analog) Cable modems (shared analog) Wireless WAN Technology-CompleteView NLU-FIT Advanced Computer Networks 18 Mạng Máy Tính Nâng. .. NLU-FIT Advanced Computer Networks WAN physical layer protocols NLU-FIT Advanced Computer Networks WAN data link protocols WAN data link protocols Advanced Computer Networks   NLU-FIT  High-Level