DAI HOC THAI NGUYEN T R U IN G DAI HOC NONG LAM PG S.TS N G U Y iN TH| KIM LAN (Chu bien) G S TSK H NGUYEN TH| LE, PG S.TS PHAM SY LANG, TS NGUYEN VAN QUANG KY SINH TRUNG HOC THU Y DAI HOC THAI NGUYEN T R U I N G DAI H O C NO N G LAM Chu bien: PGS.TS NGUYEN THI KIM LAN GS TSKH NGUYiN THI L t - PGS TS PHAM SY LANG - TS NGUYEN VAN QUANG G IAO TRINH KY SINH TRUNG HOC THU Y (Giao trinh dung cho bac Cao hoc) NHA XUAT BAN NONG NGHIEP HA NOI - 2008 MUC LUC l6 i noi dau m6 DAU Khai niem ky sinh va vat ky sinh Sa luac lich sir nghien curu ky sinh trung hoc d Viet Nam Gioi thidu noi dung giao trinh Ky sinh trung hoc Thu y 10 14 Phan thu nhat KY SINH TRUNG HOC DAI CUONG 17 Chuong PHAN BO VA NGUON GOC CUA KY SINH TRUNG 19 Phan bo va hien tuong ky sinh cua ky sinh trung thien nhien 1.1 Phan bo cua giai ky sinh trung thien nhien 1.2 Hien tuong ky sinh gidi dong vat 1.3 Cac kieu lien he khac cua vat ky sinh va vat chu Ngu6n goc cua ky sinh trung 2.1 Nguon goc ngoai ky sinh trung 2.2 Nguon goc noi ky sinh trung 2.3 Ngudn g6c ky sinh trung dudng mau Chuong SUTHICH NGHI CUA VAT KY SINH V til DC)I SONG KY SINH Thfch nghi ve hinh thai, ca'u tao cua vat ky sinh voi doi song ky sinh 1.1 Bien thai thoai hoa 1.2 Bien thai tien hoa 1.3 Nhirng the hien cua su thfch nghi v t hinh thai, cau tao cua vat ky sinh voi song ky sinh Thich nghi ve sinh san va sir phat trien cua vat ky sinh vcfi ddi song ky sinh 2.1 Thfch nghi ve sinh san vdi dcri song ky sinh 2.2 Sir thfch nghi cua vat ky sinh doi vcri sir phat tan cua chung ngoai canh 2.3 Thdi gian song cua timg giai doan phat trien rieng biet 2.4 Su thfch nghi ve chu ky s6'ng cua vat ky sinh voi chu ky song cua vat chu 2.5 Sir thfch nghi cua chu ky phat tri6n voi ddi song ky sinh Chuong VAT CHU, MOIQUAN HE VAT KY SINH VA VAT CHU Vat chu cua ky sinh trung 1.1 Vat chu cuoi cung, vat chu trung gian, vat chu chiia (vat chu dir tru) 1.2 Nguon goc vat chu trung gian Moi quan he giua vat ky sinh va vat chu 2.1 Ducm^ v^m nhap cua vat ky sinh vao co the’ vat chu 19 19 20 23 27 27 27 27 29 29 29 30 doi 31 45 45 50 51 52 52 58 58 58 6\ 63 63 2.2 Hien tucmg di chuy^n cua ky sinh trung co th£ vat chu 2.3 Hoat dong cua vat ky sinh anh hucmg I6n co th£ vat chu 2.4 Phan umg cua v|t chu len vat ky sinh Chuong KHU HE KY SINH TRUNG VA MOI TRUING Su phu thuoc cua khu he ky sinh trung vao tu6i vat chu va cac mua nam 1.1 Su phu thuoc cua khu he ky sinh trung vao tuoi vat chu 1.2 Bien doi cua khu he ky sinh trung theo mua Su phu thuoc cua khu he ky sinh trung vao thurc an va dcfi s6ng cua vat chu 2.1 Khu he ky sinh trung phu thudc vao thurc an cua vat chu 2.2 Khu he ky sinh trung phu thuoc vao dcfi song (phuong thurc sdng) cua vat 2.3 Hien tuong ngu dong cua vat chu anh hucmg den khu he ky sinh trung Khu he ky sinh trung phu thuocvao su di cu cua vat chu Khu he ky sinh trung phu thuoc vao ddi song xa hoi cua vat chu Khu he ky sinh trung phu thudc vao vung dia ly Ky sinh trung phu thuoc vao su co mat cua cac loai khac quan lac ky sinh va quan lac sinh vat 65 67 68 70 70 70 71 72 72 chu 73 74 75 76 77 79 Chuong MlfiN DICH, VAN DE KHANG THUOC VA VACXIN CHONG KY SINH TRUNG 82 Mi6n dich chong ky sinh trung 1.1 Dap umg mi6n dich tu nhien 1.2 Dap ung mi6n dich dac hieu Van de khang thuoc chong ky sinh trung 2.1 Mot so tien bo cua hoa tri lieu vk hoa du phong nhidm ky sinh trung 2.2 Tmh khang thuoc chong ky sinh trung Vacxin chong ky sinh trung 3.1 Cac vdcxin chong ky sinh trung da va dang duoc su dung 3.2 Vacxin chong san day 3.3 Vacxin chong san la 3.4 Vacxin chong giun tron 3.5 Vacxin chong don bao ky sinh 3.6 Vacxin chong ngoai ky sinh trung 3.7 Vacxin chong ky sinh trung tuong lai Tai lieu tham khao phan thu nhat (Chuong 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) 82 82 82 86 87 89 94 95 96 97 97 97 98 99 100 Phan thii hai KY SINH TRUNG HOC CHUYEN KHOA Qiuong PHUONG PHAP CHAN DOAN BENH KY SINH TRUNG O GIA SUC, GIACAM Phuong phap chain doan cac benh giun, san 101 103 103 1.1 Phuong phap chan doan tren vat song 1.2 Phuong phap chan doan tren vat chet Phuong phap chan doan benh don bao ky sinh 2.1 Phirang phap xet nghiSm phan 2.2 Phuong phap kiem tra thit 2.3 Phuong phap kiem tra mau 2.4 Phuong phap tiem truyen dong vat thf nghiem 2.5 Cac phuong phap chan doan mi£n dich benh don bao ducmg mau Tai lieu tham khao chuong 12 114 H8 119 122 Chuong MOT SO CHUYEN DE BENH GIUN SAN GIA SUC 123 Benh san la gan trau, bo, de (Fasciolosis) 123 Dac di6m sinh hoc cua san la Fasciola Dac diem dich td hoc benh san la Fasciola Dac diem benh ly va lam sang benh san la Fasciola Chan doan benh Fasciola gay sue vat nhai lai Phong va tri benh san la gan Tai lieu tham khao chuong (Benh san la gan) Benh san la ruot Ion (Fasciolopsiasis) Dac diem sinh hoc cua san la Fasciolopsis buski Dich t£ hoc cua benh F buski Benh ly, lam sang cua benh o Ion va nguoi Chan doan benh san la ruot 1cm Phong tri benh san la ruot Ion Tai lieu tham khao chuong (Benh san la ruot Ion) Benh san la da co (P a m p h isto m a tid o sis) Dac diem sinh hoc cua san la da co Dich td hoc benh san la da co Benh ly va lam sang benh san la da co gia sue nhai lai Chain doan benh san la da co Phong tri benh san la da co Tai lieu tham khao chuong (Benh san la da co) Benh san day Moniezia o gia sue nhai lai (Monieziosis) Dac diem sinh hoc cua san day Moniezia Dac dieim dich t£ hoc cua benh san day Moniezia Dac diem benh ly va lam sang cua benh san day Moniezia Chain doan benh san day Moniezia Phong va tri benh san day moniezia a sue vat nhai lai Tai lieu tham khao chuong (Benh san day Moniezia) 123 128 133 140 140 143 145 145 151 153 154 154 157 159 159 167 167 170 171 173 174 174 179 182 185 185 190 Benh giun, san duong tieu hoa ngua (Helminth deseases o f horse) 192 Dac diem sinh hoc cua mot so giun san ph6 bien gay hai ngua Dac diem dich te benh giun san ngua 192 201 Dac diem benh ly va lam sang cua mot so benh giun san d ngua Viet Nam Chan doan benh giun, san ngua ' ' Phong tri benh giun san ducmg tieu hoa ngua Tai lieu tham khao chuong (Benh giun san duong tieu hoa ngua) 202 206 207 211 Benh giun xoan da mui khe d gia sue nhai lai (Trichostrongylidosis) 213 Dac diem sinh hoc cua giun xoan da mui khe Dac di6m dich t6 hoc cua cac benh giun xoan da mui khe Dac di6m benh ly va lam sang cua benh giun xoan da mui khe Chan doan benh giun xoan da mui khe Phong va tri benh giun xoan da mui khe gia sue nhai lai Tai lieu tham khao chuong (Benh giun xoan da mui khe) 213 219 222 226 229 235 Chuong M 0T SO CHUYEN DE BENH DON BAO Cl GIA SUC, GIA CAM 237 Benh tien mao trung a trau , bo, ngira (Trypanosomiasis) 237 Dac di6m hinh thai, cau true va phan loai tien mao trung Dich tS hoc benh tien mao trung Dac diem benh ly va lam sang cua benh Chan doan benh tien mao trung Phong tri benh tien mao trung cho trau, bo, ngua Tai lieu tham khao chuong (Benh tien m ao trung) Benh cau trung ga (Avian coccidiosis) Dac dieim sinh hoc cua cau trung ky sinh ga Dac diem dich t6 hoc benh cau trung ga Benh ly va lam sang benh cau trung ga Mi[...]... 19 95, 19 96); Ha Ky (19 68, 19 76 ); Matskasi (19 73); Pham Van Khue (19 70, 19 71, 19 73 ); Pham Sy Lang (19 73, 19 75 ); Nguydn Thi Le, Nguydn Quy Tuan (19 76); Nguydn Thi Le, Pham Van Luc (19 76); Phan Trong Cung, Doan Van Thu, Nguydn Van Chi (19 77); D6 Duong Thai, Trinh Van Thinh (19 78); Phan The' Viet, Phan Luc (19 78); Phan The Viet (19 66, 19 73, 19 77, 19 78, 19 81, 19 83, 19 84 ); Nguydn Thi Ky (19 77, 19 80, 19 94);... (19 65), Nguydn Huu Binh, Nguydn Thi Ky, Pham Xuan Du (19 66), Drozdz va Malczewski (19 67); Bui Lap, Pham Van Khue, Phan Luc, Doan Tuan (19 69); Phan Dich Lan (19 64, 19 74, 19 83 ); Phan Dich Lan va cong su (19 64, 19 72 ); Grochovskaia va Nguydn Xuan Hoe (19 69); Dao Van Tien, Dang Van Ngu, Phan The Viet (19 70); Nguydn Kim Bang (19 70); Nguydn Thi Le (19 71, 19 77, 19 79, 19 80, 19 83, 19 85, 19 88, 19 90, 19 91, 19 95,... cau viing cho Ldn Nam Bo Ve don bao va con trung ky sinh, co cac cong trinh cua Blanchard (18 86, 18 98), Carougean (19 02), Blin (19 02), Leger M (19 02, 19 03, 19 09), Yersin (19 04), Bodin (19 05), Brau, Saint Semin va Mutin Bondel (19 06), Levenran (19 11) , Leger, M & Mathis C (19 02, 19 03, 19 11) , Mathis C (19 14), Schein (19 08, 19 21) , Lagrangei (19 24), Larrousse F (19 25), Bergeon P (19 28), Borel M (19 28), Houdemer... song ky sinh 1. 3 .1 Ky sinh tuy y va ky sinh bat buoc Trong hinh thuc lien he giua vat ky sinh va vat chu do muc do thfch nghi dan cua co the song tu do vdi ddi song ky sinh ma ky sinh trung ltic song nhd co the vat chu, luc song tir do Ngudi ta goi do la “ky sinh tuy y" hay con goi “ky sinh gia": nghla la dong vat song tu do neu ngau nhien gap vat chu thfch hop thi no chuyen sang ddi song ky sinh va... remora thudng hoi sinh vdi ca hong Trong qua trinh lien he giua hai co the cua hien tuong cong sinh va hoi sinh, ngudi ta cung tim tha 'y cac budc chuyen tiep sang ddi song ky sinh 21 1.2.2 Hien tuang ky sinh bac hai Ngoai khai niem ve hien tucmg ky sinh con co hien tucfng ky sinh bac 2, do la hi6n tuong ky sinh trung nay ky sinh tren co the ky sinh trung khac (hinh 4, 5) VI du: nguyen sinh dong vat thuoc... ky sinh Ngupc lai, nhieu vat ky sinh khac trong chu ky song bat buoc phai co nhung pha song ky sinh, ngudi ta goi do la “ky sinh bat buoc” hay la “ky sinh co dinh” Vi du, hau het cac ldp giun san: san day, san la, giun tron, giun dau gai d6u ky sinh bat buoc, neu khong co nhung pha song ky sinh vao vat chu thi chung khong the ton tai dupe 1. 3.2 Ngoai ky sinh vd noi ky sinh Dua vao ch6 d cua vat ky sinh, ... phoi (san la phoi) 1. 3.3 Ky sinh tam th&i, ky sinh co dinh (vinh viin) Di a vao thdi gian tiep xuc giua vat ky sinh va vat chu, ngudi ta chia vat ky sinh thanh “vat ky sinh tam thai” va “vat ky sinh co dinh” hay “vat ky sinh vinh viin” Vat ky sinh tam thdi: nhung vat ky sinh nay phat trien tir trung den giai doan trudng thanh deu d ngoai co the ky chu, chung xam nhap vao ky chu cot de lay thuc an sau khi... nhat ; Ky sinh trung hoc dai cucmg - Ph£n thur hai : Ky sinh trung hoc chuyen khoa 3 .1 Phan thur nhat: Ky sinh triing hoc dai cuong, gom 5 chuong: Chuang 1 Phan bo va ngu6n goc cua ky sinh trung Noi dung chuong 1 trinh bay su phan bo' va hien tuong ky sinh cua ky sinh trung, nguon g6'c cua ky sinh trung; cung ca'p nhung hieu biet vd su phan bo cua ky sinh trung trong thien nhien, ve hien tuong ky sinh. .. truyen ky sinh trung sot ret Nhu vay, co khong dudi 50.000 trong tdng sd 1 trieu loai thuoc ldp con trung co ddi song ky sinh Nganh chan kim (Ehinodermata) khong song ky sinh Ddi song kv sinh la dac diem cua dong vat bac thap thay ro hem la dong vat bac cao Cau true co the d bac cang thap cang d ... day Moniezia Phong va tri benh san day moniezia a sue vat nhai lai Tai lieu tham khao chuong (Benh san day Moniezia) 12 3 12 8 13 3 14 0 14 0 14 3 14 5 14 5 15 1 15 3 15 4 15 4 15 7 15 9 15 9 16 7 16 7 17 0 17 1... 19 90, 19 91, 19 95, 19 96); Ha Ky (19 68, 19 76 ); Matskasi (19 73); Pham Van Khue (19 70, 19 71, 19 73 ); Pham Sy Lang (19 73, 19 75 ); Nguydn Thi Le, Nguydn Quy Tuan (19 76); Nguydn Thi Le, Pham Van Luc (19 76);... Bondel (19 06), Levenran (19 11) , Leger, M & Mathis C (19 02, 19 03, 19 11) , Mathis C (19 14), Schein (19 08, 19 21) , Lagrangei (19 24), Larrousse F (19 25), Bergeon P (19 28), Borel M (19 28), Houdemer E (19 23,