the language of business

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the language of business

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Chapter 1 THE STYLE AND STRUCTURE OF A BUSINESS LE FIER I. THE STYLE OF A BUSINESS LETTER The business letter is the principal means used by a business firm to keep in touch with customers: very often it is the only one and customers form their impression of the firm from the tone and quality of the letters it sends out. Good quality paper and an attractive letter head play their part in this, but they are less important than the message they carry. Business does not call for the elegant language of the poet, but it does require the writer to express himself accurately in a plain language that is clear, concise, courteous and readily understood. Second to grammatical correctness, achieving an appropriate business style may be the biggest problem for the writer of business letters. A sure sign of an inexperienced writer, in fact, is the obvious attempt to sound overly businesslike. As per your request, please find enclosed herewith a check in the amount of 51.649. Such expressions as herewith and as per contribute nothing to the message while making the letter sound stilted and stiff. The first step, then, to writing successful business correspondence is to relax. While business letters will vary in tone form familiar to formal, they should all sound natural. Within the limits of standard English, of course, you should try to say things in a regular way: As you requested, 1 am enclosing a check for 1,649. 11 If you resist the temptation to sound businesslike, you will end up being more businessminded. The second version of our sample sentence is not only more personal and friendly, but it is also more efficient. It uses fewer words, taking less time to write and type as well as to read and comprehend. With this initial piece of advice in mind, review the following list of words and expressions. Then plan to eliminate these terms from your business writing vocabulary. 1. Expressions in business letters .. Avoid the following expressions: according to our records acknowledge receipt of with reference to with regard to with respect to at hand, on hand attached please find attached hereto enclosed herewith beg to inform, beg to tell for your information hereby, herewith I have your letter may I ask in due time in due course of time in receipt of in view of permit me to say pursuant to thank you again thank you in advance Use: 1.2. Instead of: advise, inform along these lines, on the order of at an early date at your earliest convenience say, tell, let us know like, similar to soon, today, next week a specific date 12 at this present time now, at present at this writing check to cover check for deem believe, consider due to the fact that, because because of the fact that because favour, communication letter, memo, et al for the purpose of for forward send free of charge free in accordance with according to in advance of, prior to before in compliance with as you requested in the amount of for in the event that if, in case kindly please of recent date recent party person, a specific name said not to be used as an adjective same not to be used as a noun subsequent to after, since the writer, the undersigned Imeweus up to this writing until now Consider the difference between these two versions of the same letter: 13 a. Dear Mr. Pendleton, With reference to your order for a Nashito 35mm camera, we are

The Language of Business Correspondence in English NON NO THU TIN THONG MAI TIENG ANN Aqgti 2.4 10 GS.TS NGUYEN TRONG DAN The Language of Business Correspondence in English 61 " EDITION NGON NGO THU TIN THUONG MAI TIENG ANH Xueit bdn lein Mit NHA XUAT BAN LAO BONG - )(A HOI Ma s6: 06 - 43 25 - Contents Page Preface to the 6th Edition Acknowledgements Chapter 7, THE STYLE AND STRUCTURE OF A BUSINESS LE'TT'ER 11 Chapter 2, INQUIRIES AND REPLIES 39 Chapter 3, QUOTATIONS, OFFERS AND TENDERS 63 Chapter 4, SALES LETTERS AND VOLUNTARY OFFERS 99 Chapter 5, IN-HOUSE CORRESPONDENCE 114 Chapter SALES LETTERS AND VOLUNTARY 148 Chapter ORDERS AND THEIR FULFILMENT 163 Chapter PAYMENTS IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE 221 Chapter COMPLAINTS AND CLAIMS 256 Chapter 10 ELECTRONIC CORRESPONDENCE TELEGRAMS, CABLES, TELEXES, FAXES AND E MAILS - 288 Chapter 11 TRANSPORTATION 318 Chapter 12 MARINE INSURANCE 357 Chapter 73, APPLICATION LETTER AND CV 378 Appendix 396 COMMON BUSINESS ABBREVIATIONS Preface to the 6th Edition This book was originally written for students of Foreign Trade University and was first internally circulated in the university in 1979, and then published by the Educational Publishing House in 1992 Since then the book has become a familiar textbook for business students throughout the country and a manual for business persons in all economic sectors of Vietnam Over a quarter of a century, I have received, with special sincere thanks, many letters from readers suggesting improvements, corrections and inclusions of up-to-date information and exclusion of out-of-date aspects of letter writing I am, therefore, very delighted in making efforts to meet the needs of students, business persons and other readers On this occasion I would like to thank all those who have been giving my book their very warm welcome, and expressing their love for and interest in it by making constructive contributions to its further improvements As always I wish to specially thank my wife my children and my grandchildren for their day - to - day assistance, encouragement and constant company as ever before, with which I was able to review the book for the th edition I also wish to express my very sincere thanks for my professors, lecturers, and tutors at Sydney University, University of Canberra in Australia; University of Cambridge, Oxford University in the United Kingdom; and Hope International University in the USA for their valuable help in the improvement of the book Hanoi, Autumn 2007 Prof Dr Nguyen Trong Dan Preface to the First Edition There are increasing needs for trained business persons as a result of the recent rapid development of foreign trade in Vietnam A good command of written commercial English is one of the most important qualifications of a business person This book aims at meeting the needs of commerce students at the Foreign Trade University, and at the same time it can serve as a hand book for those who are engaged in foreign trade transactions in Vietnam The many letters included are written in a straight-forward and meaningful style and relevant to daily transactions of Vietnamese business persons And in this sense, it is hoped that the book will be of special help to Vietnamese commerce students, users and readers The book is divided into 15 chapters each containing: - Legal aspects of the subject matter - Kinds of letter - What is to be written in letters - How letters are to be written - Examples of letters - Vocabulary - Bilingual phrases: English and Vietnamese - Exercises It is desired that further research is necessary to find out specific problems of commerce students in writing commercial letters in English so as to help them to write efficiently and accurately at the discourse level Due to the author's absence of up-to-date knowledge of the commerce world in the contemporary fast changing world, shortcomings and mistakes might have been made here and there in the book Any corrections and suggestions from students, readers, users, friends and colleagues will, therefore, be highly appreciated NGUYEN TRONG DAN 1992 Acknowledgements I am deeply indebted to my most respecter and beloved teacher, Mr Do Mong Hung, General Consultant of the Ministry of Trade for his useful lectures on commercial correspondence in English and his ideas during the initial preparation of this book I am also deeply indebted to Professor Dr Patricia Denham, Director of the TESOL Center, Faculty of Education University of Canberra for her kind encouragement during the development of this book in Canberra, Australia I acknowledge my gratitude to Ms Leonie Cottril, lecturer at University of Canberra for her valuable instructions, corrections, comments, criticism, suggestions, and her daily assistance during the development of this book under her supervision I would like to express my thanks to all import and export organizations and commercial services of Vietnam at home and abroad for their assistance and permission for reproduction of their letters and documents I also wish to extend my thanks to the teaching staff of the Faculty of English at the Foreign Trade University for their long and kind cooperation I wish to express my special thanks to my wife and may children for their patience, understanding and encouragement throughout the preparation and development of this book Without their support, material and spiritual, the book would have been made impossible I would like to express my many thanks to Mr Timothy Mazwell Clemons from Australia for the trouble he has taken on may behalf in proofreading through the book Finally, I also would like to convey my thanks to all of my friends, and former students for their constructive discussions, suggestions and timely assistance NGUYEN TRONG DAN 1992 JAS *Japanese Agricultural JST Standard Japanese Standard Time Japan External Trade JETRO Organization Tieu chuen NOng nghiep cOa Nhat Ben Thdi gian tieu chugn Nhat Ben T6 chitc ngoai thudng Nhat Ban tai khoen lien doanh JUN joint account Japanese Air Lines Journal July June thong Sau JR junior tap ski, sd cap, tre J/A JAL JL JUL Hang khong Nhat Ben tap chi thang By (K) KK * Kabushiki Kaisha Kabushiki Kasha KANS *Kansas Kansas (bang) KY giEr KG *keep Kentucky kilogam ki lo KL * kiloliter ki lo lit KM * kilometer ki-lo-met KV *kilovolt ki-lo-von KVA * kilovolt-amprere ki-lo-von - ampe KW ki-lo-oat KWH *kilowatt *kilowat-hour ki-lo-oat/gid KDDY *kindly xin vui long, cam phien, de nghi KY Kentucky (bang) (L) LP LV LCL LCL L, LET, LTR LA L/A L/G, LC 410 * large paper * leave *less than carload lot *less than container load letter * letter of advice * letter of authority letter of credit giey lein doi di, To di chtia day mot chuyen xe chtia day mot cong-ten-nd thu thu thong bao thu oy thac thu tin dung L/G LO/L0 LITE LTD L, LTR LR LWP LMT LST LN (LDN) LDTEL L/T, LT, LTON LA IA,ANDD L/G LA letter of guarantee lift on/lift off * light limited liter Lloy's register of Shipping thu' bao hanh * load water plane local mean time * local standard time London long-distance telephone thiiy phi co long ton *Los Angeles loss and damage loss and gain * Louisiana tan Anh (=1016kg) ( MACH MME MS MGR M/F MANE, MFR MFG MSS MTKS MAR MIP MC MKT, MRKT MR MASS nhac len/nh6c xu6ng nhe hau han lit Cong ty clang kigm tau bign Lloy's gio dia phu'ong gio tieu chugn dia phuOng Luan d6n &tong thoai du'ong dai Los Angeles ten thgt 16 lai Lousiana (bang) M) *machine madame mail steamer manager manifest * manufacture *manufacturing manuscripts many thanks * March marine insurance policy *market capacity * market master's receipt * Massachusetts may quy ba tau diia thy' qu6n ly, qu5n doc bang lu'oc Ice hang tren tau chg tao chg" tao th6o cam in nhi6u ban thang Ba din bac) him hang hai cOng sugt clang kg thi tru'ong bien lai thuygn Masachusett (bang) 411 MAX MNTIME, MTIME MP MEMO MDSE MSG MESSRS M/T, MT MID MP MA MM MIN MINS, MNS MINN MON MO MTH M/D M/S, MS M/D IVIOR MS MV M/A maximum meantime *Member of Parliament *memorandum merchandise *message messieurs metric ton *middle military police *miliampere millimeter minimum minutes *Minnesota Monday money order *month *months after date *months after sight month's date *morning *motor ship *motor verssel *my account tai da gid chinh thCtc Dai bidu Quoc h6i ghi nhd, thu' not 66 hang h6a ban tin, not dung bac dien qtjy 6ng tan met (1000kg) quan canh mi-ii-am-pe mi-li-met t6i thiau phOt Minnesota (bang) ThCf bu'u phieu thang thang sau cac thang sau trinh thang bu6i sang tau c6 d6ng cO tau a) d6ng cd tai khoan cua t6i (N) N/A N/A NI' N/M N/A 412 *no account *no advice no fund *no mark *nonacceptance khong co tai khoan kh6ng th6ng bao kh6ng 66 qu9 kh6ng CO ki ma hieu kh6ng chap nhan N/0 NORED NR NI), NDAK NB N/E NS NOV NO, NR (NBR) NCSRY NEGO N/P NT NTWT (NW) NB NH NJ NMEX„ NY NX NS 0/A ()RCM 01' 0/S 0/S OD ()V OR ORB ORE *no orders no reduction no risk *North Dakota nota bene not enough *not specified November number necessary *netgotiate *net proceeds neton net weight new bond *New I lampshire New Jersey *New Mexico New York *next *nickel steel (0) *our account *original out of print out of stock overcharge *overdraft voltage owner's risk *owner's risk of breakage *owner's risk of fire khong có don dat hang khong giam khong c6 rui ro North Dakota (bang) ghi chu kh6ng du khOng quy Binh cu thd thang 11 s6 can thigt dam phan cac khoan thu rang tan tinh luting tinh trai phigu mdi New Hampshire (bang) New Jersey (bang) New Mexico (bang) New York kg" tido thep pha kgn tai khoan cua thong tai ban g6c khong xuat ban nCra hgt hang tinh qua gia khoan vay tr6i (ngan hang) qua tai (dign) rui ro cua ngUdi sd hi.tu rUi ro gay va cua ngu'di sc1 hCtu rui ro hOa hoan cua nguai so hal 413 OBTN our oKLA OFC OR OM OE 0/A 0/1) 0/S OJT OC OP OR ()RD 0/NO GREG ()WISE 01, OT PCB PC(S) PI,S, (PSE) PTO PK(S) PKG PW PKR PKG 414 obtain October *Oklahoma office official receiver *old measurement *omissions excepted *on acount of *ondemard on sale on the job training *open charter *open plicy operation research order *order number *Oregon otherwise *ounce our letter our telegram (P) petty cash book *piece(s) *pleas pleas turn over *pack(s) *package *packed weight *packer *packing page 15y difoc có &roc, thang 10 Okalahoma (bang) van phong nhan chinh thiic cach C ngoai trif sot theo tai khoan cua theo yeu c6u de' ban huan luyen theo viec hop d6ng thue tau du'ong nhien hop d6ng bao him bao nghien cub vu don dat hang s6 don dat hang Oregon (bang) khac di, trai lai lang Anh (32g) thu'cUa chUng toi dien tin cCia chill-1g toi so ti6n mat 101 vat don chiec, may xin vui long xin lat sang trang ben goi, kien goi, kien lu'dng ca bao bi nhan vien dOng hang bao bi trang PARA PP PT P/A, PA, P/AV PPM PAT FOR PA YT POD PA PA PC PPA PPM PRI) PERPRO P/C PPI POC PM() PO PC PM PM l'() YOB PS 1.13(S) P/A, I'A *paragraph *parcel post part partial loss *payable average *parts per million patent *payable on receipt *payment pay on delivery *pence *Pennsylvanie *per annum precent perecent per annum percent per million period per procuration *pettly cash *policy proot of interest port of call possible postal money order *postal order postcard postmaster post merdiem *post office *post office box *potscript *pounds power of attorney doan (van) bu'u kien phan ton ton that ttinghf phan that hang phan trieu bang sang chg toan nhan toan toan giao hang xu Pennsylvania (bang) hang nam phan tram phan tram/Warn phan tram/trieu giai doan theo Oy nhiem, thica lenh ti6n mat 15t vat gigy chang minh ti6n c5ng ghe qua Idi có the biiu phigu phieu 'Dub 5nh truesng bu'u dien sau ngo (12 gid tru'a) bu'u dien hOp thu bub dien tai but can Anh ("450gr) quy6n Uy nhiem 415 PREF SHR preference share co phan tiu dal PREV (LY) previous (1y) trubc day PM Prime Minister ThO hieing PM,PREM *premium 10 phi bao hie'm P/C * price current gia hiOn hanh P/A * private account tai khoen rieng PRDCN * production s6n xuat PANDL *profit and loss Id ye PN promissory note lenh phieu PROX proximo vao thang sau PR public relation giao t6, quan h0 voi cOng chung (Q) QLTY * quality pham chat QNTY, QT so Vong QT * quantity * quail QM * quartermaster thuy tho trtiong QY QUES quay bgn tau question cau hai QKLY * quickly nhanh chung QI QTN, QUTN quiet yen tinh * quotation bao gia QQT, QTE quote bao gia lit Anh (R) RCPT * receipt Bien nhen, bier) lai RCV * receive nhen RCVD, RECD, RECVD received de, thioc nhen RCVD PAYT received payment recommend s6 tin thipc tr6 khuy6n nghi * reference tham chieu, den chieu *reference to our cable den chi0u lien dia chung toi itcomND, RECM REF(RE) ROC 416 ROL ROT RYL RYT RID REF REFCON REFRIG RE RYL RYT RGDS RECD RGRT REM, RMKS REM RYT RPTN REQTS, RQ REGMNT RES, RESV, RSV REPCTVLY RTRN RI RO/R0 RVTG RPM RDF SIN *referring to our letter * referring to our telegram *referring to your letter *referring to tyour telegram (telex) *refer to acceptor *refer to drawer refrigerated refrigerated container refrigerating regarding regarding your letter regarding your telegram regards registered *regret *remarks(s) remittance *repeat repettion *request requirement reserve *respectively * return *Rhode Island roll on/ roll off reverting *revolutions per minute *rural free delivery (S) sample number d5n chigu thtl caa chOng toi danchigu dien coa chung toi dan chigu thu' caa quy Ong dgn chieu dien cua qby Ong tham chieu ngu'di nhan tham chieu ngudi ky phat dudc lam lanh cong-ten-nd lanh lam lanh ye ve thu coa ngai v5 dien cue ngai Idi tham hOi dtidc Tang ki (bgo higm) lay lam ti5c ghi chu s6 tin chuygn, chuyen tin nhac lai sit nhac lai yeu c5u c5u d5 t ch6 yeu Ian lifot tro lai Rhode Island (bang) du'a len, du'a xuong tro lai nhu' cu vOng quay/mOt phut giao hang mien phi tdi vimg heo lanh mAu hang so 417 SF SB SL SMPI SOS SB SAT SCDUI„ SCHDL S/D SECT SEP SUCL SHIPMT, SHIPT SHIPD, SIPD SANDC SEIM SO S/T, ST, STON SIT SHUD SIG, SIGN SPORE, SPR SANDC SNST SRY, SRRY SC SDAK SPEC SG, SPQR SWG SCP 418 * San Francisco sales book salvaged loss *sample save our ship or souls savings bank * Saturday schedule *sea-damaged section September set up in carloads *shipment shipped *shipper and carrier shipping shipping order *short ton shortage should signature Singapore *sized and calendered soonest *sorry *South Carolina *South Dakota specification specific gravity *Standard Wire Gauge *standing operating San Francisco s6 ban s6 mat mat du'oc cau hd rn5u hang tin hiau cap cCtu (cua ngudi di bin hoac tau) ngan hang fiat kiam Thif chu'ong/lich trinh bi hif hong ngobi bin phan, khu vu'c thang &roc thu'c hian bang chuyan xe scIgiii hang, chuyan hang du'oc da ngudi gui va ngudi chuyen cher hang viac gi.ri hang lanh gu'i hang tan Mi = 907,2kg (tan ngan) thiau phai chif ki Singapore du'oc tinh co- va can lang scam nhat lay lam tiac South Carolina (bang) South Dakota (bang) quy cach liking rieng s6 day tiou chuan thu tuc hoat ddng tai chO SS S/B STGL STVDR STP SUBJ SPA SUB SUB SUB SUG, suGsT SUN SUP SU SID procedure steamship *statement of billing Sterling Pound stevedor stop *subject *subject to particular average submarine subcription subtitude *suggest Sunday supply surveyor *Sydney tau chay bang hoi nubc th6ng bao lap h6i ph& Bang Anh nhan vien b6c dd ngiing toy thudc vao toy thudc vao bat ton that riang tau ngam ti6n &rig trudc thay the, tha pha'm de nghi Chu nhat cung cap nhan vian kigm hoa Sydney (Oxtraylia) (T) TECH(LY) TELCON TEL, TLG(T) TEL, TLG 'FA TT TMO TEL TPR TTLX TELECON TEMP TLNN tare *technical(ly) telephone conversation *telegram telegraph telegraphic address telegraphic transfer *telegraph money order telephone teleprinter telex telex conversation temperature *Tennessee bao bi vg mat ki thuat dam thoai bang lien thoai dian bao danh dian dia chi dian tin chuygn (tian) bang dien bu'u phiau chuygn tin bang dian tin dian thoai may chuygn dian dian chit dam thoai bang telex nhiat dd Tennessce (bang) t9 TXT text a tai, not dung TKS (THKS) cam cm TMTH thanks therefore this month thong THRU * through qua, bang (phu'ong tian) THRU * Thursday Thu' TKT ye van don suot TDAY ticket through bill of lading today T ton tan T/D TLO *time depOsit *time load total loss only tien gill, ki thac ki han tin vay ki han tong s6thiat hai mat mat ma thoi TRF * traffic giao th6ng TRSHPT *transshipment chuygn tai TRANS * transactions thuOng vu giao dich TRANS * transport van chuygn TRBL *trouble *trust receipt Tuesday kho khan TFORE THROBL IA T/R TUES do horn ben lai tin thac Thin (U) ULL * ullge kIcing hao UNDELVD * undelivered chu'a du'Oc giao UNSTND * understand higu U/W ngu'oi bao higm UNIV underwriter * United Kingdom United States of America Standard Gauge universal university dai hoc UNKWN * unknown khong du'oc biat 111()TE * unquote khong trich du'oc UK USA USG UNIV 420 \tong qu6c Anh Hop chiing quoco Hoa Ki S6 tieu chugn cua MT ph6 thong UNRCVD *unreceived kh6ng nhan du'oc UNREGD *unregistered kh6ng du'oc Tang kjr UY uranium Y uranium Y URGT (LY) * urgent (1y) khan cap USD, USDOL * U.S dollars 06 la MT (V) VLDTY *validity thdi gian hiau lye VMUCH *very much nhiau VS versus khac vdi VIP nhan vat quan VSL very important person vessel tau VC *vice-chairman ph6 cho tich VIZ nghia la, t(Ic la VSN videlicet *visible supply *vision tip lieu hu'u hinh tam nhin V volt volt/von VNA Vietnam Viet Nam V/M *volt per meter vIt/rnet VM *voltmeter von ka VCL volume kh6i lu'dng, thg tich VS (W) WT *wait doi WO waiting order lanh ddi, thil NI' doi WB *warehouse book don (Tat hang W/W * warehouse warrant WR *war risk s6 kho gigy chang nhan ItAi kho WASH Washington Washington WH *wat-hour oat gid W/B, WB waybill Wednesday *week (work) next week van ddn during ba WED WK NXWK Thin tuan le (lam viec) tuan sau 421 WKDS *weekdays tun WKTLY * weekly hang tun WGT, WT lu'dng WNTD weight well noted WI3 * westbound WHF WOU'I' wharf will * will be without WC * without charge mien phi W/P khong kien WG without prejudice with average *with particular average worker working working group nhorn lam viec WUD would nen, se WL WLBE WA WPA WRK WKG dude ghi chi, day ve ruing Tay ben tau se, mong muon (n), y kien (n) se la khang có t6n that có t6n that rieng Piet nhan vien, cong nh5n lam viec (X) XC XMAS XI) XIN EX coupon Christmas ex divident ex interest bang phi& le Thien ChOa Giang sinh bhng lai c6 phan bang lai (Y) YD * yard(s) ma YDAY yesterday you horn qua U YR, UR YRS YI YT anh, ong, qUy Ong cua quy Ong (adj.) * your * yours cua guy Ong (pro.) your letter your telegram thif cua guy 6ng dien tin cua guy Ong (Z) ZN 422 zinc kern READER'S NOTE 423 The Language of Business Correspondence in English NEON NGli THU' TIN THUOING MAI TIE ANN ChM tract] nhiem xuat ban/Published by: Hci Tal Thang then tap/Edited by: Nguyen Hu Linh Thu Ha Trinh bay/designed: Qutatig Diing In 1.000 ban, khO 16 x 24 cm tai Cling ty Co phAn In Ctiti Giay Giay phep xuat ban s6: 172-2008/CXB/06-43/LDXI-1 cam Cue Xuat ban cap 28 - 02 - 2008 In xong va chi6u quY III nam 2008 [...]...Chapter 1 THE STYLE AND STRUCTURE OF A BUSINESS LE FIER I THE STYLE OF A BUSINESS LETTER The business letter is the principal means used by a business firm to keep in touch with customers: very often it is the only one and customers form their impression of the firm from the tone and quality of the letters it sends out Good quality paper and an attractive letter head play their part in this, but they are... Parts of a Business Letter While the horizontal placement of letter parts may vary (see the next section, "Arrangement Styles"), the vertical order of these parts is standard Refer to the model letter (Letter Layout 1) as you study the following list of letter parts 23 2 The Layout As previously noted, the horizontal placement of letter parts is flexible within the limits of three basic styles Often,... important than the message they carry Business does not call for the elegant language of the poet, but it does require the writer to express himself accurately in a plain language that is clear, concise, courteous and readily understood Second to grammatical correctness, achieving an appropriate business style may be the biggest problem for the writer of business letters A sure sign of an inexperienced... invitations invite, the words "inviting me" are superfluous Another common mistake is to say: The green coloured carpet or The carpet that is green in colour Green is a colour, so to use the word colour is wordy Adverbs are often the cause of redundancy: 19 If we cooperate together, the project will be finished quickly Cooperate already means work together, so using the work together is unnecessary... both together together check into check connect up connect continue on continue cooperate together cooperate customary practice practice each and every each or every enclosed herewith enclosed enter into enter forward by post mail have a tendency to tend to in many instances often in the amount of for in the matter of about in the process of being being in this day and age nowadays inform of the reason... replace several, use the one word Instead of: Mr Kramer handled the job in an efficient manner say: Mr Kramer handled the job efficiently 4 Redundant Expressions The following list of common redundancies should help you eliminate the problem form your writing Don't use: 20 Use: and et cetera etc as otherwise otherwise at about about attached hereto attached avail oneself of use be of the opinion believe... LETTER LAYOUT 3: This is the same as a letter layout 2 with one change: the beginning of each paragraph is indented five or ten spaces 3 Punctuation Style Regardless of punctuation style, the only letter parts (outside of the body) to be followed by punctuation marks are the salutation and complimentary closing Within the body, the general rules of punctuation apply Note: The salutation and closing... information is set in a special paragraph indented five spaces on the left and right, preceded and followed by a blank line 6 The Envelope Envelope addresses are written in a similar way to inside addresses, but for letter in or going to the UK, the post code is usually written after the name of the city or the town, and the name of both the town and the country are written in capital letter For example: a... committee, a Board of Directors of other public bodies and preferred by Americans 8 Guidelines for Writing The rules for good business letter writing may be summarized as follows: 1 Think first of the reader and address yourself to his interests Tell him all he wants to know and don't leave him to read between the lines 2 Adopt a tone suited to the occasion and to the purpose of the letter 3 Write... treat the various topics of a business letter? 7 What do you write in the complimentary closure? 8 What does Messrs stand for? When is it used? 9 When and where Gentlemen is used? 10 Where do you write ref which stands for reference in your letter? 11 Who is the sender of the model letter? 12 Who is the recipient of the model letter? 13 What is the model letter about? 14 What are enclosed with the model

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