1 Moon.vn Cô VŨ MAI PHƢƠNG – KHÓA NGỮ PHÁP PASSIVE VOICE - Phần I Tóm tắt giảng Quá khứ Hiện Tƣơng lai Đơn was / were + PII am / is / are + PII will be + PII Tiếp diễn was / were + being + PII am / is / are + being + PII Không có Hoàn thành had been + PII have / has been + PII will have been + PII Hoàn thành tiếp diễn Không có Không có Không có  12 có dạng bị động Near future: S + am/is/are + going to + V + Object S + am/is/are + going to be + PII + by + O Eg: - We are going to make him the monitor of our class - He is going to be made the monitor of our class by us Are they going to export more rice to Africa next year => How many exercises is the teacher going to give you? => We are going to make him the head of our class => We aren't going to improve the public telephone service this year => He isn't going to turn down the job they have offered him => 10 Modals and Auxiliary in the passive voice Moon.vn Hotline: 04.32.99.98.98 Moon.vn Cô VŨ MAI PHƢƠNG – KHÓA NGỮ PHÁP Active: S + Modal verbs (can / could / may / might / must / ought to / Should ) + infinitive + Object Passive S + Modal verbs (can / could / may / might / must / ought to / Should ) + be + PII He can't repair my bike => Our teacher used to forbid us to talk in class => My mother used to make clean the house => She can sew shirts a day => He couldn't find his key => Did Mr John use to teach you English? => My classmates used to call me John => Mr Brown will appoint Tom the director tomorrow => You should pay more attention to your study => 10 They can see the villey from the top of the hill => 11.You must wash your hands => 12 The computer can all the accounts => 13.Children should treat old men with respect => 14.How many ways can you solve this problem? => 15.You must keep dogs outside shops => 16.She didn’t use to make cloth puppets => 17 We can't improve the public telephone service this year Moon.vn Hotline: 04.32.99.98.98 Moon.vn Cô VŨ MAI PHƢƠNG – KHÓA NGỮ PHÁP => 18 You ought to all the work on your own => 19 Does she have to feed the pigeon twice a day? => 20 They must report it to the police or it will be too late => 11 Các trƣờng hợp đặc biệt Active Passive Make sb sth Be made to sth The teacher is making us work hard We are being made to work hard by our teacher Help sb (to) sth Be helped to sth He helped me (to) repair the washing machine I was helped to repair the washing machine by him Let sb sth Be let sth ( or be allowed to sth ) (1) His parents didn't let him buy a motorbike (1) He wasn't let buy ( wasn't allowed to buy) a motorbike by his parents S1 let sb S1 Let oneself be PII (2) He let her cheat him ( ) He let himself be cheated The robber made everybody lie on the floor => Don't worry! Our teacher will help us study English grammar => Don't let others see you => They made us stay indoors while they were testing the new weapon => He let me use his car for a week Moon.vn Hotline: 04.32.99.98.98 Moon.vn Cô VŨ MAI PHƢƠNG – KHÓA NGỮ PHÁP => He has never let her look down on him =>………………………………………………………………………………………………… The teacher made him stay after the class because he hadn’t done his homework =>…………………………………………………… I will help you redecorate the room before Christmas comes =>………………………………………………………………………… 12 See / Notice / Hear / Listen to / Watch Active: Passive See seen Notice noticed Hear sb sth Listen to sb doing sth Sb Be heard listened Watch Eg: to sth doing sth watched - Someone saw him pick up a stone and throw it at the riot police - He was seen to pick up a stone and to throw it at the riot police - They saw him walking with his friend before he got lost - He was seen walking with his friend before he got lost They saw him get on the car and drive away => They have never heard him say nonsense => We noticed him breaking into the house => 13 Câu bị động truyền khiến Active: HAVE SB DO SOMETHING/ GET SB TO DO SOMETHING Passive: HAVE /GET SOMETHING DONE (BY SB) Ví dụ: - I have my younger brother clean the floor Moon.vn Hotline: 04.32.99.98.98 Moon.vn Cô VŨ MAI PHƢƠNG – KHÓA NGỮ PHÁP - I have the floor cleaned by my younger brother - He has his hair cut He has the barber cut his hair Cấu trúc đƣợc dùng theo hai nghĩa sau: a Để nói ta thu xếp để người khác làm giúp việc ( không tự làm) So sánh: Jill repaired the roof ( = She repaired it herself) Jill had the roof repaired (= She arranged for somebody else to repair it) I have cut my hair ( Tôi tự cắt.) I have had my hair cut ( người khác cắt tóc cho tôi.) I hate taking photographs I hate having my photograph taken Did Ann make the dress herself or did she have it made? How often you have your hair done / cut? I’ve lost my key I’ll have to have another key made Why did you take your car to the garage? To have it serviced Why did you take your jacket to the cleaner’s? To have it cleaned Why did you take your watch to the jeweller’s? To have it repaired Why did you go to the hairdresser ? To have my hair cut So sánh: Passive: You should have / get your eyes tested (by an oculist) Active: You should have an oculist test your eyes / You should get an oculist to test your eyes b Để nói việc không hay xảy với vật sở hữu / gì: George’s nose was broken in a fight => George had his nose broken in a fight Jack’s passport was stolen a few weeks ago => Jack had his passport stolen a few weeks ago Have you ever had your passport stolen? The hurricane blew off the roof of the house The roof of the house was blown off by the hurricane The house had its roof blown off by the hurricane They have had their house broken into twice this month Mr Brown had his hat blown off in the wind II Bài nhà PASSIVE OF MODAL VERBS Exercise Change these sentences into the passive voice We all know we can't allow the situation to continue The situation We'll hold the next meeting in May The next meeting Everyone agrees that the company will employ no more staff Moon.vn Hotline: 04.32.99.98.98 Moon.vn Cô VŨ MAI PHƢƠNG – KHÓA NGỮ PHÁP No more staff We ought to make things clear to them Things We all agree that we must take action Action …………………………………… Of course we must keep the factory open The factory …………………………… We have to reduce costs Costs We should warn the staff The staff People should send their complaints to the main office ……………………………………………………………….……………… 10 Somebody might steal your car if you had left the keys in it ……………………………………………………………….……………… 11 A short circuit could cause the fire …………………………………………………………….………………… 12 Lan is going to invite her friends to her birthday party …………………………………………………………….………………… 13 Lien couldn’t open the door of the classroom …………………………………………………………….………………… 14 They should announce that news as soon as possible …………………………………………………………….………………… 15 Phong has to return the scientific book to the library …………………………………………………………….………………… 16 People must repair that old building …………………………………………………………….………………… 17 The government will rebuild the memorial monument …………………………………………………………….………………… 18 The students may elect Phong their leader …………………………………………………………….………………… 19 The teacher won’t accept papers written in pencils …………………………………………………………….………………… 20 The athletes might visit some interesting places after Sea-Games …………………………………………………………….………………… 21 Lan’s parents have to clean up their house before Tet holidays …………………………………………………………….………………… 22 The principal might interview her …………………………………………………………….………………… 23 They must keep fruit in the fridge for long …………………………………………………………….………………… Exercise Transform these sentences using the causative have A local firm redecorated our kitchen We …………………………………………….by a local firm Moon.vn Hotline: 04.32.99.98.98 Moon.vn Cô VŨ MAI PHƢƠNG – KHÓA NGỮ PHÁP A doctor took out her tonsils when she was six She ……………………………… when she was six Be careful! These walls have just been painted Be careful! I …………………………… painted There was a leak in the roof so they're fixing it now There was a leak in the roof so I ………………………… now The hairdresser should cut your hair It's too long and untidy! You ……………………………… It's too long and untidy! When will you call someone to repair the air conditioning? It's too hot in here! When will you …………………………………? It's too hot in here! When I was coming here, someone stole my purse on the bus When I was coming here, I ………………………… on the bus Exercise Hoàn thành câu với dạng từ ngoặc Jimmy had a servant ………….(clean) his house Jimmy had his house …………… My parents don't want to wash their car They will get someone ………… (wash) it They will get their car ……………… His father always forces hime ………… (study) hard He's quite upset about this The visitors made him …………… (carry) a lot of luggages I don't know why they let her little daughter ……………(buy) a lot of clothes Our mother never allows ………………games all day His wife permits him ………………fast food She makes her husband ………………… exercise Why don't you let me _ (cook) supper tonight? You can have a rest KEY Exercise 1 can't be allowed to continue will be held in May will be employed by the company ought to be made clear to them must be taken must be kept open have to be reduced should be warned Their complaints should be sent to the main office 10 Your car might be stolen if you had left the keys in it 11 The fire could be caused a short circuit 12 Lan’s friends is going to be invited to her birthday party by Lan 13 The door of the classroom couldn’t opened be by Lien 14 That news should be announced as soon as possible 15 The scientific book has to be returned to the library by Phong 16 That old building must be repaired 17 The memorial monument will be rebuilt by the government Moon.vn Hotline: 04.32.99.98.98 Moon.vn Cô VŨ MAI PHƢƠNG – KHÓA NGỮ PHÁP 18 19 20 21 22 23 Phong may be elected their leader by the students Papers written in pencils won’t be accepted by the teacher Some interesting places might be visited after Sea-Games by the athletes Their house has to be cleaned up before Tet holidays by Lan’s parents She might be interviewed by the principal Fruit must be kept in the fridge for long Exercise had our kitchen redecorated had her tonsils taken out 've just had these walls 'm having it fixed should have your hair cut have the air conditioning repaired had my purse stolen Exercise clean, cleaned to wash, washed to study carry buy playing to eat cook Moon.vn Hotline: 04.32.99.98.98 Moon.vn Cô VŨ MAI PHƯƠNG – KHÓA NGỮ PHÁP PASSIVE VOICE – PHẦN I Tóm tắt giảng A Khái niệm câu chủ động bị động: a Câu chủ động: Là câu có chủ ngữ chủ thể tạo hành động Câu chủ động dùng biết rõ chủ thể hành động Ví dụ: People speak English all over the world b Câu bị động: Là câu có chủ ngữ người hay vật chịu tác động hành động Câu chủ động dùng ta rõ chủ thể hành động có biết người nói muốn nhấn mạnh tới đối tượng tới chủ thể hành động Ví dụ: English is spoken all over the world Lưu ý: Không phải chủ ngữ người chủ động, chủ ngữ vật bị động Ví dụ: The students were punished yesterday Hanoi has changed a lot in the past five years B Quy tắc chuyển câu chủ động sang câu bị động: *Quy tắc chung: To be + Past participle Xác định ngữ pháp câu chủ động để tìm thể bị động tương ứng Xác định tân ngữ câu chủ động để rút làm chủ ngữ câu bị động Nếu câu có hai tân ngữ chuyển thành hai câu bị động thông thường ta chọn tân ngữ người Simple present: S + V (s/es) + Object S + am/is/are + PII + by + O Trong câu bị động, tân ngữ không xác định (people, them, someone, him, her …) bỏ Eg: - They sweep the streets every night => The streets are swept (by them) every night - We don't water the flowers in the morning => The flowers are not watered in the morning Moon.vn Hotline: 04.32.99.98.98 Moon.vn Cô VŨ MAI PHƯƠNG – KHÓA NGỮ PHÁP - What they call the new hotel? => what is the hotel called? This well- known library attracts many people => We don't watch films in the evening => We don't often help her with the housework => Do they grow rice and wheat in the North of England? => Present continuous: S + am/is/are + V_ing + Object S + am/is/are + being + PII + by + O Ví dụ: - They are building a bridge over the river = > A bridge is being built over the river by them - He isn't decorating the room today => The room isn't being decorated - Are they upgrading the road leading to the city centre? => Is the road leading to the city centre being upgraded by them? He is preparing everything for the presidential election => Is she translating an article from English into Vietnamese? => 3.The Prime Minister isn't making a speech at the moment => They are doing a physical experiment in the laboratory => Are they digging a pond in the garden? => Moon.vn Hotline: 04.32.99.98.98 Moon.vn Cô VŨ MAI PHƯƠNG – KHÓA NGỮ PHÁP Present perfect: S + have/has + PII + Object S + have/has + been + PII + by + O Ví dụ: - The terrorist has kept three hostages for a week => Three hostages have been kept by the terrorist for a week - We haven't found out a remedy to cure AIDS => A remedy hasn't been found out to cure AIDS A group of students have met their friend at the railway station => No one has ever known him to be dishonest => Mr.Smith has taught us French for years => They have moved nothing in your room since they sent you to hospital => Have you typed all the letters ? => Lưu ý: Thì hoàn thành tiếp diễn dạng bị động Simple past: S + Past of verb (V-ed / PIrregular) + Object S + was/ were + PII + by + O Eg - The thieves broke into the house - The house was broken into by the thieves They didn’t allow Tom to take these books home => No one found my key Moon.vn Hotline: 04.32.99.98.98 Moon.vn Cô VŨ MAI PHƯƠNG – KHÓA NGỮ PHÁP => When did they found this organization? => 4.They didn't look after the children properly => 5.Nobody swept this street last week => Past continuous: S + was/were + V- ing + Object S + was/ were + being + PII + by + O Eg - They were doing a physical experiment when I was there - A physical experiment was being done by them when I was there Tom was writing poems => Workers were digging a larger hole in the ground => When I was there, they were building a bridge over the river => 4.The statue broke while they were moving it to another room in the museum => Were they interviewing him when you came? => Moon.vn Hotline: 04.32.99.98.98 Moon.vn Cô VŨ MAI PHƯƠNG – KHÓA NGỮ PHÁP Past perfect: S + had + PII + Object S + had + been + PII + by + O Eg: - Nobody told me that they had discharged John from hospital - I was not told that John had been discharged from hospital After he had told a story, we clapped our hands => They had taken the victim to hospital before the police came => Had they pulled down the building to make way for a new road before you came back? => She hadn't informed me of the date of the meeting before another classmate of mine told me about it => 5.Someone had invented electric lights before I was born => Lưu ý: Không có bị động khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn Simle future: S + will/shall + V + Object S + will/shall + be + PII + by + Object Eg: - They will change the date of the meeting again - The date of the meeting will be changed again by them The examiner will read the passage three times => They will pick me up at my house at o'clock tomorrow morning => The teacher won't corrert exercise tomorrow => My cousin will meet you at the station => Moon.vn Hotline: 04.32.99.98.98 Moon.vn Cô VŨ MAI PHƯƠNG – KHÓA NGỮ PHÁP I will not forgive her for the serious mistake she has made => Lưu ý: Thì tương lai tiếp diễn dạng bị động Future perfect: S + will/shall have + PII + Object S + will/shall have been + PII + by + Object Eg: - By the time you come back, they will have finished the project - By the time you come back, the project will have been finished By the time you come back here in years' time, they will have knocked down those houses => " We will have liberated the South of Vietnam before the rainy season." The commander said => By the end of this year, we will have upgraded all the roads in the city => Don't phone us at 10 pm tonight I won't have finished my work by then => How many letters will she have typed before the boss comes back? => II Bài nhà Exercise Make the sentences passive: Somebody cleans the office every day Somebody sends emails Somebody cuts the grass Moon.vn Hotline: 04.32.99.98.98 Moon.vn Cô VŨ MAI PHƯƠNG – KHÓA NGỮ PHÁP Somebody prefers chocolate Somebody often steals cars Somebody plays loud music Somebody speaks English here Somebody loves the London parks Somebody wants staff 10 Somebody writes articles 11 People speak Portuguese in Brazil 12 The Government is planning a new road near my house 13 My grandfather built this house in 1943 14 Picasso was painting Guernica at that time 15 The cleaner has cleaned the office 16 He had written three books before 1867 17 John will tell you later 18 By this time tomorrow we will have signed the deal 19 Somebody should the work 20 The traffic might have delayed Jimmy 21 Everybody loves Mr Brown 22 They are building a new stadium near the station 23 The wolf ate the princess 24 At six o’clock someone was telling a story 25 Somebody has drunk all the milk! 26 I had cleaned all the windows before the storm 27 A workman will repair the computer tomorrow Moon.vn Hotline: 04.32.99.98.98 Moon.vn Cô VŨ MAI PHƯƠNG – KHÓA NGỮ PHÁP 28 By next year the students will have studied the passive 29 James might cook dinner 30 Somebody must have taken my wallet Exercise 2: The Passive: Verbs with Two Objects This time there are two answers: John gave a bar of chocolate to Jill a: b: I lent a pencil to Graham a: b: Fiona told the truth to Julian a: b: They offered the job to Simon a: b: The boss showed the new computer to Anna a: b: _ Julie taught the grammar to the students a: b: Moon.vn Hotline: 04.32.99.98.98 Moon.vn Cô VŨ MAI PHƯƠNG – KHÓA NGỮ PHÁP I sent the email to John a: b: Lucy threw the ball to the child a: b: Sophia sold the car to a doctor a: b: 10 I asked the question to David a: b: KEY Exercise 1 The office is cleaned every day Emails are sent The grass is cut Chocolate is preferred Cars are often stolen Loud music is played English is spoken here The London parks are loved Staff are wanted 10 Articles are written 11 Portuguese is spoken in Brazil 12 A new road is being planned near my house 13 This house was built (by my grandfather) in 1943 14 Guernica was being painted (by Picasso) at that time Moon.vn Hotline: 04.32.99.98.98 Moon.vn 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Cô VŨ MAI PHƯƠNG – KHÓA NGỮ PHÁP The office has been cleaned Three books had been written before 1867 You will be told (by John) later By this time tomorrow the deal will have been signed The work should be done Jimmy might have been delayed (by the traffic) Mr Brown is loved (by everybody) A new stadium is being built near the station The princess was eaten (by the wolf) At six o’clock a story was being told All the milk has been drunk! All the windows had been cleaned (by me) before the storm The computer will be repaired tomorrow By next year the passive will have been studied (by the students) Dinner might be cooked (by James) My wallet must have been taken Exercise a: Jill was given a bar of chocolate (by John) b: A bar of chocolate was given to Jill (by John) a: Graham was lent a pencil (by me) b: A pencil was lent to Graham (by me) a: Julian was told the truth (by Fiona) b: The truth was told to Julian (by Fiona) a: Simon was offered the job (by them) b: The job was offered to Simon (by them) a: Anna was shown the new computer (by the boss) b: The new computer was shown to Anna (by the boss) a: The students were taught the grammar (by Julie) b: The grammar was taught to the students (by Julie) a: John was sent the email (by me) b: The email was sent to John (by me) a: The child was thrown the ball (by Lucy) b: The ball was thrown to the child (by Lucy) a: A doctor was sold the car (by Sophia) b: The car was sold to a doctor (by Sophia) 10 a: David was asked the question (by me) b: The question was asked to David (by me) Moon.vn Hotline: 04.32.99.98.98 10 [...]... I Tóm tắt bài giảng A Khái niệm câu chủ động và bị động: a Câu chủ động: Là câu có chủ ngữ là chủ thể tạo ra hành động Câu chủ động được dùng khi chúng ta biết rõ chủ thể của hành động Ví dụ: People speak English all over the world b Câu bị động: Là câu có chủ ngữ là người hay vật chịu tác động của hành động Câu chủ động được dùng khi ta không biết rõ chủ thể của hành động hoặc có biết nhưng người nói... hơn tới chủ thể của hành động Ví dụ: English is spoken all over the world Lưu ý: Không phải cứ chủ ngữ là người thì là chủ động, chủ ngữ là vật thì là bị động Ví dụ: The students were punished yesterday Hanoi has changed a lot in the past five years B Quy tắc chuyển câu chủ động sang câu bị động: *Quy tắc chung: To be + Past participle 1 Xác định thì ngữ pháp của câu chủ động để tìm thể bị động tương... tương ứng của nó 2 Xác định tân ngữ trong câu chủ động để rút về làm chủ ngữ trong câu bị động Nếu câu có hai tân ngữ thì có thể chuyển thành hai câu bị động nhưng thông thường ta chọn tân ngữ chỉ người 1 Simple present: S + V (s/es) + Object S + am/is/are + PII + by + O Trong câu bị động, nếu tân ngữ không xác định (people, them, someone, him, her …) thì bỏ đi Eg: - They sweep the streets every night... vật) - This car needs to be serviced / this car needs servicing - I need to clean my shirt because it needs cleaning/ to be cleaned Ở thê bị động, với người, chỉ dùng need to be done ( Không dùng need doing) The old need to be looked after by the young ( Không dùng need looking after) Danh động từ bị động có các cách dùng như danh động từ chủ động ( trừ trường hợp cấu tạo danh từ ghép) Ví dụ: - I like... TẬP VỀ CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG I Bài tập chữa trong video THỂ BỊ ĐỘNG EXERCISE 1: CHUYỂN CÁC CÂU SAU SANG BỊ ĐỘNG 1.My father waters this flower every morning 2.John invited Fiona to his birthday party last night 3.Her mother is preparing the dinner in the kitchen 4.We should clean our teeth twice a day 5.Our teachers have explained the English grammar 6.Some drunk drivers caused the accident in this city 7. Tom... the new president on TV 17. How many languages do they speak in Canada? 18.Are you going to repair those shoes? 19.He has broken his nose in a football match 20.Have you finished the above sentences? THỂ BỊ ĐỘNG CÁC MẪU CÂU CƠ BẢN EXERCISE 2:CHUYỂN CÁC CÂU SAU SANG BỊ ĐỘNG 1.The waiter brings me this dish 2.Our friends send these postcards to us 3.Their grandmother told them this story when they visited... ra: - The train was supposed to arrive at 11.30 but it was an hour late - You were supposed to clean the windows Why didn’t you do it? 2 Passive gerund ( Danh động từ bị động) Form: Being + Past participle Present: being written /done/ made… Past: having been written/done/ made… Need to do : Cần làm ( nghĩa chủ động) Ví dụ: You need to work harder Need doing = need to be done : Cần được làm ( không... that there is a secret tunnel between those two houses Chú ý: Cấu trúc trên chỉ tương đương với câu chủ động có chủ ngữ số nhiều với nghĩa nói chung: people, everybody…  Cấu trúc 2: S + Be + Past participle + to + Verb (1) Be + V-ing (2) Have + Past Participle (3) Have been + V-ing (4)  Dùng (1) khi động từ trong mệnh đề phụ được chia ở thì hiện tại đơn, hoặc tương lai đơn: He is said to be 100 years... player in the 20th century 13.They find that the job is not suitable for a girl like her 14.The teacher explained that this powerful engine pulled the train 15.He told me that his football team had played well last season BỊ ĐỘNG VỚI NHỮNG ĐỘNG TỪ SAI BẢO EXERCISE 4:CHUYỂN CÁC CÂU SAU SANG BỊ ĐỘNG 1.I had my nephew paint the gate last week 2.She will have Peter wash her car tomorrow 3.They have her tell... in this box 3 By whom are liars not hated? 4 Let this problem be solved 5 I expect the work to be done by you 6 His mother was shocked by his conduct 7 Nothing could be done by him 8 Is this gentleman known to you? 9 Let the animals not be teased 10 Let the price be lowered 11 The audience was impressed by the speaker’s charming voice 12 This cannot be permitted Moon.vn Hotline: 04.32.99.98.98 8 7 B ... Xác định ngữ pháp câu chủ động để tìm thể bị động tương ứng Xác định tân ngữ câu chủ động để rút làm chủ ngữ câu bị động Nếu câu có hai tân ngữ chuyển thành hai câu bị động thông thường ta chọn... Là câu có chủ ngữ chủ thể tạo hành động Câu chủ động dùng biết rõ chủ thể hành động Ví dụ: People speak English all over the world b Câu bị động: Là câu có chủ ngữ người hay vật chịu tác động. .. chủ ngữ người chủ động, chủ ngữ vật bị động Ví dụ: The students were punished yesterday Hanoi has changed a lot in the past five years B Quy tắc chuyển câu chủ động sang câu bị động: *Quy tắc