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Environmental, economic and social benefits of 3R approach in VN
Huynh Trung Hai Institute for Environmental Science and Technology ` Overview of agricultural waste generation and it used in Vietnam ` Policy background and the national strategy on 3R in Vietnam ` Opportunities for 3R approach on agricultural waste management ` Objectives ` Main components and outputs projected ` Related experiences of INEST ` AArreeaa:: 331,900 km 2 ` PPooppuullaattiioonn:: 86.16 million ` PPoopp ggrroowwtthh rraattee:: 1.18% ` GGDDPP:: $87 billion Ń Agriculture : 21.99% Ń Industry : 39.91% Ń Service : 38.1% ` GGDDPP ggrroowwtthh rraattee:: 6.23 % ` NNaattiioonnaall CCaappiittaall:: Hanoi ` AAddmmiinniissttrraattiivvee ddiivviissiioonnss:: 63 provinces Source: http://www.gso.gov.vn, WWaassttee ggeenneerraattiioonn 22000055 ((MMtt)) 22001100 ((pprroojjeecctteedd)) ((MMtt)) Agricultural residues (straw, bagasse, com cob, casava, straw, rice husk, peanut and coffee husk, etc.) 60.82 72.37 Animal waste 54.72 60.72 Source: Vietnam-Germany Symposium on Renewable Energy, HUT 16 Oct. 2009 In rural areas, agricultural wastes are treated as: - uncontrolled dumping Æ pollution, CH 4 emission; - a source of fuel (reused); - org. fertilizer, biomass, biogas Æ recycling potential. Sources: IET-VAST ` HHaazzaarrddoouuss wwaasstteess: excess fertilizers and pesticides ` In 2008: - 1.77 million tons of excess nitrogenous fertilizers; - 2.07 million tons of excess phosphate fertilizers; - 0.34 million tons of excess potassium fertilizers. ` Nearly 100% farming land are fertilized SSoouurrcceess mmiilllliioonn ttoonnss Paddy straw 61.9 Rice husk 5.6 Maize husk 4.8 Cassava stem 0.6 Cane trash 1.5 Bagasse 5.0 Peanut shells 0.1 Peanut leaves 5.7 Coffee husk 0.3 NNuummbbeerr ooff aanniimmaallss 22000066 22000077 22000088 Pig 26,855,300 26,560,700 25,580,000 Cow 6,510,800 6,724,700 7,220,000 Buffalo 2,921,100 2,996,400 2,900,000 Poultry 214,600,000 226,000,000 241,000 Source: GSO, 2009 - Number of breeding farms in 2008 was 16,700 - of which ~ 10% designed and equipped to treat their animal wastes - Biogas production of animal dung: 2.0 billion m 3 MMaatteerriiaallss (( aaggrriiccuullttuurraall wwaasstteess)) WWaassttee ggeenneerraatteedd ((kkgg//aanniimmaall)) DDrryy ccoonntteenntt ((%%)) CC//NN BBiiooggaass oouuttppuutt ((lliitteerr//kkgg ooff ffrreesshh mmaatteerriiaall)) Cow pat 15 ² 20 18 ² 20 24 ² 25 15 ² 32 Buffalo pat 18 ² 25 16 ² 18 24 ² 25 15 ² 32 Pig pat 1.2 ² 4.0 24 ² 33 12 ² 13 40 ² 60 Poultry 0.02 ² 0.34 25 - 50 5 ² 15 50 ² 60 Night soil 0.18 ² 0,34 20 - 34 2.9 ² 10 60 ² 70 Eichnoria (fresh) 4 ² 6 12 ² 25 0.3 ² 0.5 Straw (dry) 80 - 85 48 - 117 1.5 ² 2.0 Source: Institute of Energy, 2008 ` The 33RR aapppprrooaacchh in Vietnam has been emphasized in umbrella policies: - Viet Nam Agenda 21, - National Strategy on Environmental Protection to 2010 with vision toward 2020, - Law on Environmental Protection 2005. ` The National Strategy on Waste 3R to 2020 has been being developed and rreeaacchheedd ttoo tthhee 44tthh-- DDrraafftt:: TToo 22001155,, tthhee ggeenneerraall oobbjjeeccttiivveess aarree sseett:: Ń To improve the public awareness on 3R; Ń Starting to form environmental friendly and energy saving life of the society; Ń To establish the infrastructure, finance and human resource for 3R implement. TThhee ssppeecciiffiicc ttaarrggeett uunnttiill 22001155:: Ń 80 % of solid waste will be collected; Ń Reduce the generated rate of solid waste; Ń The amount of solid waste that requires land filling and incineration will be cut down to 70% of the total volume of collected waste while 30% will be reused and recycled. TToo 22002200,, tthhee ggeenneerraall oobbjjeeccttiivveess aarree sseett:: Ń To form sustainable production and consumption society. TThhee ssppeecciiffiicc ttaarrggeett uunnttiill 22002200:: Ń 95 % of solid waste will be collected; Ń Reduce the generated rate of solid waste; Ń The amount of solid waste that requires land filling and incineration will be cut down to 40% of the total volume of collected waste while 60% will be reused and recycled; ` CH 4 generation from uncontrolled dumping activities will inevitably contribute to GHG generation which in turn can impact global climate change; Æ needs to rreedduuccee tthhee aammoouunntt ooff aaggrriiccuullttuurraall wwaasstteess ` Increasing environmental awareness among government agencies, business sector, and the general public; ` Rising cost of fossil fuels Æ needs to rraaiissee tthhee uussee ooff bbiioommaassss aanndd bbiiooggaass;; ` Development of researches on biological decomposition and nneeww tteecchhnnoollooggiieess tthhaatt ccaann ttaakkee ffuullll aaddvvaannttaaggeess ooff aaggrriiccuullttuurraall bbyy--pprroodduucctt//wwaassttee Æ potentials of new environmental sound products; ` Insightful policies have contributed to the success and potentials of waste bioconversion. ` Evaluations to mmaakkee cclleeaarr eennvviirroonnmmeennttaall,, eeccoonnoommiicc,, aanndd ssoocciiaall bbeenneeffiittss ooff 33RR aapppprrooaacchh ffoorr aaggrriiccuullttuurraall wwaassttee mmaannaaggeemmeenntt (include waste management policies) 1 . ` Conduct an eexxaammiinnaattiioonn ppoolliicciieess ttoo mmaaxxiimmiizzee mmuullttiippllee bbeenneeffiittss oorr mmiinniimmiizzee ttrraaddee--ooffffss among air pollution control, waste management, resource utilization of the 3R for agricultural waste 2 . 1. Highlighting the multiple benefits of the 3Rs: promoting awareness-raising and mainstreaming (2009-2010). 2. Improved governance for 3R implementation in agricultural waste in Vietnam (2010-2011). 3. Implications of sustainable resource circulation (2011-2012). ` INEST has started a research on co-benefits of climate benefit, energy co-generation from agricultural waste, and the 3Rs in Vietnam. ` In addition, this component will rreevviieeww tthhee rreecceenntt ttrreennddss aanndd ccuurrrreenntt ssttaattuuss related to:: - Agricultural waste related environmental problems and their impact in Vietnam - Baseline data on agricultural waste - Status of agricultural waste management in Vietnam ` Collect and provide data/or comment and discuss to ssuuppppoorrtt qquuaannttiittaattiivvee aannaallyyssiiss environmental economics research. ` Discuss ggeenneerraall cchhaalllleennggeess as well as ssppeecciiffiicc cchhaalllleennggeess associated with development of evaluation methods: - 'HWHUPLQH9LHWQDP·VDJULFXOWXUDOZDVWHUHF\FOH potential and enabling environment; - Analysis of future scenario regarding biomass and biogas energy. - Conduct CCA. ` Implications of sustainable resource circulation: - Examine how to develop policies to establish environmentally sound resource cycles in Vietnam which contributes better resource utilization. ` The gaps between challenges associated with policy implementation and challenges specific to Vietnam in the countries implementing EPR policy and resource circulation policy. ` Policies developed to establish environmentally sound resource cycles in Vietnam. ` Project: Promotion of Sustainable Development in the Context of Regional Economic Integration - Phase II - Year 2007-2008 - Client: IGES (Japan) - Activities performed: national case study on renewable energy and e-waste. ` Project: CDM - compile a training document for environmental reserchers and lectures in universities - Year: 2006-2007 - Client: MOTE (Vietnam) - Activities performed: Prepare training materials, guidelines, policies and references on CDM.