Fundamentals-of-wimax-understanding-broadband-wireless-networking
Praise for Fundamentals of WiMAX This book is one of the most comprehensive books I have reviewed … it is a must read for engineers and students planning to remain current or who plan to pursue a career in telecommunications I have reviewed other publications on WiMAX and have been disappointed This book is refreshing in that it is clear that the authors have the in-depth technical knowledge and communications skills to deliver a logically laid out publication that has substance to it —Ron Resnick, President, WiMAX Forum This is the first book with a great introductory treatment of WiMAX technology It should be essential reading for all engineers involved in WiMAX The high-level overview is very useful for those with non-technical background The introductory sections for OFDM and MIMO technologies are very useful for those with implementation background and some knowledge of communication theory The chapters covering physical and MAC layers are at the appropriate level of detail In short, I recommend this book to systems engineers and designers at different layers of the protocol, deployment engineers, and even students who are interested in practical applications of communication theory —Siavash M Alamouti, Chief Technology Officer, Mobility Group, Intel This is a very well-written, easy-to-follow, and comprehensive treatment of WiMAX It should be of great interest —Dr Reinaldo Valenzuela, Director of Wireless Research, Bell Labs Fundamentals of WiMAX is a comprehensive guide to WiMAX from both industry and academic viewpoints, which is an unusual accomplishment I recommend it to anyone who is curious about this exciting new standard —Dr Teresa Meng, Professor, Stanford University, Founder and Director, Atheros Communications Andrews, Ghosh, and Muhamed have provided a clear, concise, and well-written text on 802.16e/WiMAX The book provides both the breadth and depth to make sense of the highly complicated 802.16e standard I would recommend this book to both development engineers and technical managers who want an understating of WiMAX and insight into 4G modems in general —Paul Struhsaker, VP of Engineering, Chipset platforms, Motorola Mobile Device Business Unit, former vice chair of IEEE 802.16 working group Fundamentals of WiMAX is written in an easy-to-understand tutorial fashion The chapter on multiple antenna techniques is a very clear summary of this important technology and nicely organizes the vast number of different proposed techniques into a simple-to-understand framework —Dr Ender Ayanoglu, Professor, University of California, Irvine, Editor-in-Chief, IEEE Transactions on Communications Fundamentals of WiMAX is a comprehensive examination of the 802.16/WiMAX standard and discusses how to design, develop, and deploy equipment for this wireless communication standard It provides both insightful overviews for those wanting to know what WiMAX is about and comprehensive, in-depth chapters on technical details of the standard, including the coding and modulation, signal processing methods, Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) channels, medium access control, mobility issues, link-layer performance, and system-level performance —Dr Mark C Reed, Principle Researcher, National ICT Australia, Adjunct Associate Professor, Australian National University This book is an excellent resource for any engineer working on WiMAX systems The authors have provided very useful introductory material on broadband wireless systems so that readers of all backgrounds can grasp the main challenges in WiMAX design At the same time, the authors have also provided very thorough analysis and discussion of the multitudes of design options and engineering tradeoffs, including those involved with multiple antenna communication, present in WiMax systems, making the book a must-read for even the most experienced wireless system designer —Dr Nihar Jindal, Assistant Professor, University of Minnesota This book is very well organized and comprehensive, covering all aspects of WiMAX from the physical layer to the network and service aspects The book also includes insightful business perspectives I would strongly recommend this book as a mustread theoretical and practical guide to any wireless engineer who intends to investigate the road to fourth generation wireless systems —Dr Yoon Chae Cheong, Vice President, Communication Lab, Samsung The authors strike a wonderful balance between theoretical concepts, simulation performance, and practical implementation, resulting in a complete and thorough exposition of the standard The book is highly recommended for engineers and managers seeking to understand the standard —Dr Shilpa Talwar, Senior Research Scientist, Intel Fundamentals of WiMAX is a comprehensive guide to WiMAX, the latest frontier in the communications revolution It begins with a tutorial on 802.16 and the key technologies in the standard and finishes with a comprehensive look at the predicted performance of WiMAX networks I believe readers will find this book invaluable whether they are designing or testing WiMAX systems —Dr James Truchard, President, CEO and Co-Founder, National Instruments This book is a must-read for engineers who want to know WiMAX fundamentals and its performance The concepts of OFDMA, multiple antenna techniques, and various diversity techniques—which are the backbone of WiMAX technology—are explained in a simple, clear, and concise way This book is the first of its kind —Amitava Ghosh, Director and Fellow of Technical Staff, Motorola Andrews, Ghosh, and Muhamed have written the definitive textbook and reference manual on WiMAX, and it is recommended reading for engineers and managers alike —Madan Jagernauth, Director of WiMAX Access Product Management, Nortel This page intentionally left blank Fundamentals of WiMAX Prentice Hall Communications Engineering and Emerging Technologies Series Theodore S Rappaport, Series Editor DI BENEDETTO & GIANCOLA DOSTERT Understanding Ultra Wide Band Radio Fundamentals Powerline Communications Space–Time Wireless Channels Technologies, Standards, and QoS DURGIN GARG Wireless Network Evolution: 2G to 3G GARG IS-95 CDMA and cdma2000: Cellular/PCS Systems Implementation LIBERTI & RAPPAPORT MURTHY & MANOJ NEKOOGAR Smart Antennas for Wireless Communications: IS-95 and Third Generation CDMA Applications Ad Hoc Wireless Networks: Architectures and Protocols Ultra-Wideband Communications: Fundamentals and Applications PAHLAVAN & KRISHNAMURTHY PATTAN Principles of Wireless Networks: A Unified Approach Robust Modulation Methods and Smart Antennas in Wireless Communication RADMANESH RAPPAPORT Radio Frequency and Microwave Electronics Illustrated Wireless Communications: Principles and Practice, Second Edition REED Software Radio: A Modern Approach to Radio Engineering REED An Introduction to Ultra Wideband Communication Systems SKLAR Digital Communications: Fundamentals and Applications, Second Edition STARR, SORBARA, CIOFFI, & SILVERMAN DSL Advances TRANTER, SHANMUGAN, RAPPAPORT, & KOSBAR Principles of Communication Systems Simulation with Wireless Applications VANGHI, DAMNJANOVIC, & VOJCIC The cdma2000 System for Mobile Communications: 3G Wireless Evolution WANG & POOR Wireless Communication Systems: Advanced Techniques for Signal Reception Fundamentals of WiMAX Understanding Broadband Wireless Networking Jeffrey G Andrews, Ph.D Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The University of Texas at Austin Arunabha Ghosh, Ph.D AT&T Labs Inc Rias Muhamed AT&T Labs Inc Upper Saddle River, NJ • Boston • Indianapolis • San Francisco New York • Toronto • Montreal • London • Munich • Paris • Madrid Capetown • Sydney • Tokyo • Singapore • Mexico City Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks Where those designations appear in this book, and the publisher was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed with initial capital letters or in all capitals The authors and publisher have taken care in the preparation of this book, but make no expressed or implied warranty of any kind and assume no responsibility for errors or omissions No liability is assumed for incidental or consequential damages in connection with or arising out of the use of the information or programs contained herein The publisher offers excellent discounts on this book when ordered in quantity for bulk purchases or special sales, which may include electronic versions and/or custom covers and content particular to your business, training goals, marketing focus, and branding interests For more information, please contact: U.S Corporate and Government Sales (800) 382-3419 corpsales@pearsontechgroup.com For sales outside the United States, please contact: International Sales international@pearsoned.com Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Andrews, Jeffrey G Fundamentals of WiMAX : understanding broadband wireless networking / Jeffrey G Andrews, Arunabha Ghosh, Rias Muhamed p cm Includes bibliographical references and index ISBN 0-13-222552-2 (hbk : alk paper) Wireless communication systems Broadband communication systems I Ghosh, Arunabha II Muhamed, Rias III Title TK5103.2.A56 2007 621.382—dc22 2006038505 Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America This publication is protected by copyright, and permission must be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise For information regarding permissions, write to: Pearson Education, Inc Rights and Contracts Department One Lake Street Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Fax: (201) 236-3290 ISBN 0-13-222552-2 Text printed in the United States on recycled paper at Courier in Westford, Massachusetts First printing, February 2007 Dedicated to Catherine and my parents, Greg and Mary —Jeff Dedicated to Debolina and my parents, Amitabha and Meena —Arunabha Dedicated to Shalin, Tanaz, and my parents, Ahamed and Fathima —Rias
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Xem thêm: Fundamentals-of-wimax-understanding-broadband-wireless-networking, Fundamentals-of-wimax-understanding-broadband-wireless-networking, Evolution of Broadband Wireless 5, Evolution of Broadband Wireless, Narrowband Wireless Local-Loop Systems, Evolution of Broadband Wireless 7, Chang shows that multicarrier modulation can solve the multipath, Weinstein and Ebert show that multicarrier modulation can be, Cimini at Bell Labs identifies many of the key issues in OFDM, DSL adopts OFDM, also called discrete multitone, following, The IEEE 802.11 committee on wireless LANs releases the 802.11a, The IEEE 802.16 committee releases an OFDM-based standard for, The IEEE 802.11 committee releases the 802.11g standard for opera-, The multiband OFDM standard for ultrawideband is developed, show-, Fixed Broadband Wireless: Market Drivers and Applications, Fixed Broadband Wireless: Market Drivers and Applications 11, Mobile Broadband Wireless: Market Drivers and Applications, WiMAX and Other Broadband Wireless Technologies 13, WiMAX and Other Broadband Wireless Technologies, WiMAX and Other Broadband Wireless Technologies 15, Spectrum Options for Broadband Wireless 17, Spectrum Options for Broadband Wireless, Spectrum Options for Broadband Wireless 19, Business Challenges for Broadband Wireless and WiMAX 21, Business Challenges for Broadband Wireless and WiMAX, Technical Challenges for Broadband Wireless 23, Technical Challenges for Broadband Wireless, Technical Challenges for Broadband Wireless 25, Technical Challenges for Broadband Wireless 27, Technical Challenges for Broadband Wireless 29, Technical Challenges for Broadband Wireless 31, Summary and Conclusions Bibliography, Background on IEEE 806 and WiMAX, Background on IEEE 806 and WiMAX 35, Salient Features of WiMAX 37, Salient Features of WiMAX, WiMAX Physical Layer 39 Summary of Technical Challenges, WiMAX Physical Layer Summary of Technical Challenges, WiMAX Physical Layer 43 OFDM Parameters in WiMAX, WiMAX Physical Layer 45 Slot and Frame Structure, MAC-Layer Overview 47 PHY-Layer Data Rates, MAC-Layer Overview PHY-Layer Data Rates, MAC-Layer Overview 49 Channel-Access Mechanisms, MAC-Layer Overview 51 Quality of Service, Adaptive Modulation and Coding in WiMAX Power-Saving Features, MAC-Layer Overview 53 Mobility Support, Advanced Features for Performance Enhancements 55, Advanced Features for Performance Enhancements, Reference Network Architecture 57 Improved Frequency Reuse, Reference Network Architecture Improved Frequency Reuse, Performance Characterization 59 Improved Frequency Reuse, Performance Characterization Improved Frequency Reuse, Summary and Conclusions 61 Summary and Conclusions, Bibliography 63 Bibliography Sample Link Budgets and Coverage Range, Communication System Building Blocks, The Broadband Wireless Channel: Pathloss and Shadowing 69, The Broadband Wireless Channel: Pathloss and Shadowing, The Broadband Wireless Channel: Pathloss and Shadowing 71, The Broadband Wireless Channel: Pathloss and Shadowing 73, The Broadband Wireless Channel: Pathloss and Shadowing 75, Cellular Systems 79 The Cellular Concept, Cellular Systems 81 Analysis of Cellular Systems, The Broadband Wireless Channel: Fading, The Broadband Wireless Channel: Fading 85, The Broadband Wireless Channel: Fading 89, Modeling Broadband Fading Channels 91 Modeling Broadband Fading Channels, Modeling Broadband Fading Channels 93, Modeling Broadband Fading Channels 95, Modeling Broadband Fading Channels 97, Modeling Broadband Fading Channels 99, Modeling Broadband Fading Channels 101, Modeling Broadband Fading Channels 103, Mitigation of Fading Empirical Channel Models, Throughput and Spectral Efficiency Broadband Fading, Mitigation of Fading 109 Spread Spectrum and Rake Receivers, Summary and Conclusions Bibliography, Bibliography 111 The Multicarrier Concept, Multicarrier Modulation The Multicarrier Concept, Multicarrier Modulation 115 The Multicarrier Concept, OFDM Basics 117 OFDM Basics, OFDM Basics 121 Circular Convolution and the DFT, Block Transmission with Guard Intervals Frequency Equalization, An Example: OFDM in WiMAX 123 An Example: OFDM in WiMAX, Timing and Frequency Synchronization, Timing and Frequency Synchronization 125, Timing and Frequency Synchronization 127, Timing and Frequency Synchronization 129, The Peak-to-Average Ratio 131 Obtaining Synchronization in WiMAX, The Peak-to-Average Ratio Obtaining Synchronization in WiMAX, The Peak-to-Average Ratio 133 Quantifying the PAR, The Peak-to-Average Ratio 137 Clipping: Living with a High PAR, The Peak-to-Average Ratio 139 Clipping: Living with a High PAR, The Peak-to-Average Ratio 141 PAR-Reduction Strategies, OFDM’s Computational Complexity Advantage, OFDM’s Computational Complexity Advantage 143, Simulating OFDM Systems PAR-Reduction Strategies, Summary and Conclusions 145 PAR-Reduction Strategies, Summary and Conclusions PAR-Reduction Strategies, The Benefits of Spatial Diversity 151, The Benefits of Spatial Diversity 153, Receive Diversity Increased Coverage or Reduced Transmit Power, Transmit Diversity 157 Transmit Diversity, Transmit Diversity 159 Open-Loop Transmit Diversity, Transmit Diversity 165 Closed Loop-Transmit Diversity, Transmit Diversity 167 Closed Loop-Transmit Diversity, Beamforming 169 Beamforming Closed Loop-Transmit Diversity, Beamforming 173 Spatial Multiplexing Eigenbeamforming, Spatial Multiplexing 175 Introduction to Spatial Multiplexing, Spatial Multiplexing 177 Open-Loop MIMO: Spatial Multiplexing without Channel Feedback, Shortcomings of Classical MIMO Theory 181, Shortcomings of Classical MIMO Theory, Channel Estimation for MIMO-OFDM, Channel Estimation for MIMO-OFDM 187, Channel Feedback 189 Time versus Frequency-Domain Channel Estimation, Channel Feedback Advanced Techniques for MIMO, Switching Between Diversity and Multiplexing, Advanced Techniques for MIMO 191, Summary and Conclusions Multiuser MIMO Systems, Advanced Techniques for MIMO 193, Bibliography Multiuser MIMO Systems, Advanced Techniques for MIMO 195, Advanced Techniques for MIMO 197, Multiple-Access Strategies for OFDM, Multiple-Access Strategies for OFDM 201, Random Access versus Multiple Access, Multiple-Access Strategies for OFDM 203, Multiuser Diversity and Adaptive Modulation, Multiuser Diversity and Adaptive Modulation 205, Multiuser Diversity and Adaptive Modulation 207, Resource-Allocation Techniques for OFDMA 209, Resource-Allocation Techniques for OFDMA, Resource-Allocation Techniques for OFDMA 211, Resource-Allocation Techniques for OFDMA 213, Resource-Allocation Techniques for OFDMA 215, OFDMA in WiMAX: Protocols and Challenges 217, Summary and Conclusions Bibliography, Bibliography 221 Limited Diversity Gains, Quality of Service Limited Diversity Gains, Quality of Service 225 Limited Diversity Gains, Quality of Service 227 QoS Mechanisms in Packet Networks, Quality of Service 229 IP QoS Technologies, Quality of Service 231 IP QoS Technologies, Multimedia Session Management 233 IP QoS Technologies, Multimedia Session Management IP QoS Technologies, Multimedia Session Management 235 Session Initiation Protocol, Multimedia Session Management 237 Session Initiation Protocol, Multimedia Session Management 239 Session Initiation Protocol, Security 241 Real-Time Transport Protocol, Security Real-Time Transport Protocol, In the SubBytes operation, every byte in the state S is substituted with another byte, using In the ShiftRows operation, each row is shifted cyclically a fixed number of steps. Specifi-, In the MixColumns operation, each column is linearly transformed by multiplying it In the AddRoundKey operation, each byte in the state is XORed with a round key. The, Security 245 Encryption and AES, Mobility Management 249 Authentication and Access Control, Mobility Management Authentication and Access Control, Mobility Management 253 Handoff Management, Mobility Management 255 Mobile IP, Mobility Management 257 Mobile IP, Mobility Management 259 Mobile IP, IP for Wireless: Issues and Potential Solutions, IP for Wireless: Issues and Potential Solutions 261, IP for Wireless: Issues and Potential Solutions 263, Summary and Conclusions 265 Header Compression, Summary and Conclusions Header Compression, Channel Coding Header Compression, Channel Coding 277 Turbo Codes, Hybrid-ARQ Block Turbo Codes and LDPC Codes, Interleaving 279 Block Turbo Codes and LDPC Codes, Interleaving Block Turbo Codes and LDPC Codes, OFDM Symbol Structure 281 Block Turbo Codes and LDPC Codes, Subchannel and Subcarrier Permutations, Subchannel and Subcarrier Permutations 285, Subchannel and Subcarrier Permutations 289, Slot and Frame Structure, Slot and Frame Structure 291, Transmit Diversity and MIMO 293, Transmit Diversity and MIMO 295, Closed-Loop MIMO Frequency-Hopping Diversity Code, Antenna selection. The MS indicates to the BS which transmit antennas should be used for, Antenna grouping. The MS indicates to the BS the optimum permutation of the order of, Codebook based feedback. The MS indicates to the BS the optimum precoding matrix to, Quantized channel feedback. The MS quantizes the MIMO channel and sends this infor-, Channel sounding. The BS obtains exact information about the CSI of the MS by using a, Uplink Partial Usage of Subcarriers Antenna Selection, Closed-Loop MIMO 299 Antenna Grouping, Power Control Channel Sounding, Channel-Quality Measurements 303 Channel Sounding, Channel-Quality Measurements Channel Sounding, Summary and Conclusions Bibliography Bibliography 305, Convergence Sublayer 309 Convergence Sublayer, Convergence Sublayer 311 Packet Header Suppression, MAC PDU Construction and Transmission, MAC PDU Construction and Transmission 313, Packing subheader. Indicates that multiple SDUs or SDU fragments are packed into a, Fast-feedback allocation subheader. Indicates that the PDU contains feedback from the, Grant-management subheader. Used by the MS, conveys various messages related to, Bandwidth Request and Allocation, Quality of Service 317 Packet Header Suppression, Quality of Service Packet Header Suppression, Scan and Synchronize Downlink Channel, Network Entry and Initialization 321, Power-Saving Operations Establish Service Flow, Power-Saving Operations 325 Establish Service Flow, Mobility Management 327 Sleep Mode, Mobility Management Idle Mode, Mobility Management 329 Idle Mode, Handoff Process and Cell Reselection, Mobility Management 331 Macro Diversity Handover and Fast BS Switching, Summary and Conclusions Bibliography 333 Bibliography, General Design Principles of the Architecture, Network Reference Model 337 Network Reference Model, Network Reference Model 339 ASN Functions, Decompositions, and Profiles, Protocol Layering Across a WiMAX Network, Protocol Layering Across a WiMAX Network 343, Network Discovery and Selection, IP Address Assignment Reference Points, Authentication and Security Architecture 345, Authentication and Security Architecture, Initial 802.16e network entry and negotiation: After successful ranging, the MS and the, Exchange of EAP messages: EAP exchange begins with an EAP-Identity-Request mes-, Establishment of the shared master session key and enhanced master session key: An, Generation of authentication key: Based on the algorithm specified in IEEE 802.16e-, Transfer of authentication key: The AK and its context are delivered from the key dis-, Transfer of security associations: SAs are the set of security information that the BS and, Quality-of-Service Architecture ASN Security Architecture, Quality-of-Service Architecture 351 Mobility Management, Mobility Management 353 ASN Security Architecture, Mobility Management 355 ASN-Anchored Mobility, Mobility Management 357 CSN-Anchored Mobility for IPv4, Radio Resource Management 359 CSN Anchored Mobility for IPv6, Radio Resource Management CSN Anchored Mobility for IPv6, Paging and Idle-Mode Operation, Paging and Idle-Mode Operation 361, Summary and Conclusions Bibliography Bibliography 363, Methodology for Link-Level Simulation, Methodology for Link-Level Simulation 367, Methodology for Link-Level Simulation 369, Fading Channel Performance of WiMAX 373 Fading Channel Performance of WiMAX, Fading Channel Performance of WiMAX 375, Fading Channel Performance of WiMAX 377 Fading Channel Performance of WiMAX 379, Fading Channel Performance of WiMAX 383, Benefits of Multiple-Antenna Techniques in WiMAX 391, Per subcarrier SVD. The MS sends the unquantized MIMO channel of each subcarrier to, Benefits of Multiple-Antenna Techniques in WiMAX 395, Advanced Receiver Structures and Their Benefits for WiMAX, Advanced Receiver Structures and Their Benefits for WiMAX 397, Summary and Conclusions Open-Loop and Closed-Loop MIMO, Bibliography 399 Bibliography Open-Loop and Closed-Loop MIMO, Wireless Channel Modeling Open-Loop and Closed-Loop MIMO, Wireless Channel Modeling 403 Methodology for System-Level Simulation, Methodology for System-Level Simulation 405, Methodology for System-Level Simulation 407, Methodology for System-Level Simulation 409, Methodology for System-Level Simulation 411, System-Level Simulation Results System Configurations, System-Level Simulation Results 413 System-Level Results of Basic Configuration, System-Level Simulation Results 415 System-Level Results of Basic Configuration, System-Level Simulation Results 417 System-Level Results of Enhanced Configurations, System-Level Simulation Results 419 System-Level Results of Enhanced Configurations, Summary and Conclusions 421 System-Level Results of Enhanced Configurations, Summary and Conclusions System-Level Results of Enhanced Configurations, Appendix: Propagation Models 423 Hata Model
