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DẠNG : ChUYỂN ĐỔI TỪ HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH SANG QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN ( VÀ NGƢỢC LẠI ) Dạng có mẫu sau , công thức nên đưa ví dụ có chổ tô màu dấu hiệu để nhận dạng công thức This is the first time I have seen him (đây lần đầu thấy ) =>I have never seen him before ( chưa thấy trước ) Mẫu có dạng : Đây lần làm chuyện => chưa làm chuyện trước The first time : lần Never before : chưa trước I started / begun studying English years ago (tôi bắt đầu học TA cách năm ) => I have studied English for years ( học TA năm ) Mẫu có dạng : bắt đầu làm cách + khoảng thời gian => làm chuyện for + khoảng thời gian Nếu ago mà có when + mệnh đề giử nguyên mệnh đề đổi when thành since I last saw him when I was a student.( lần cuồi thấy SV ) => I haven't seen him since I was a student.( không thấy từ SV ) Mẫu có dạng : Lần cuối làm chuyện => không làm chuyện từ Last : lần cuối Since : từ The last time she went out with him was two years ago.(lần cuối cô ta chơi với cách năm ) => She hasn't gone out with him for two years.( cô ta không chơi với năm ) Tương tự mẫu khác phần sau It's ten years since I last met him.(đã 10 năm từ gặp lần cuối ) => I haven't met him for ten years ( không gặp 10 năm ) Mẫu có dạng : Đã khoảng thời gian từ làm lần cuối => không làm việc + khoảng thời gian When did you buy it ? ( bạn mua ? => How long have you bought ? ( bạn mua ? ) Mẫu có dạng : when : dùng khứ đơn How long : dùng hoàn thànhViết lại câu không thay đổi nghĩa: 1) This is the first time he went abroad => He hasn’t…… 2) She started driving month ago => She has…… 3) We began eating when it started to rain => We have…… 4) I last had my hair cut when I left her => I haven’t… 5) The last time she kissed me was months ago => She hasn’t… 6) It is a long time since we last met => We haven’t… 7) When did you have it ? => How long … ? 8) This is the first time I had such a delicious meal => I haven’t… 9) I haven’t seen him for days => The last … 10) I haven’t taken a bath since Monday => It is … DẠNG CÁC DẠNG ĐỀ THƢỜNG GẶP VỀ TOO TO , SO THAT, SUCH THAT , ENOUGH : 1) ĐỔI TỪ SO THAT SANG SUCH THAT : N + BE + SO + ADJ + THAT + CLAUSE => ĐẠI TỪ + BE Cách làm : Thêm such ( a,an) đem tính từ xuống ,đem danh từ xuống ,từ that trở viết lại hết => ĐẠI TỪ + BE SUCH ( A,AN ) ADJ + N + THAT CLAUSE The book is so interesting that I have read it many times It is => It is such an interesting book that I have read it many times Nếu danh từ số không đếm a, an 2) ĐỔI TỪ SO THAT SANG TOO TO : Đề có dạng : S + BE +SO + ADJ + THAT + CLAUSE => S + BE + TOO Cách làm : Thêm tính từ vào , bỏ can't ,couldn't lấy từ động từ trở Nếu chủ từ câu khác thêm phần for sb Nếu túc từ câu sau giống chủ từ câu đầu bỏ túc từ => S + BE + TOO + adj +( FOR SB ) TO INF The water is so hot that I can't drink it => The water is too => The water is too hot for me to drink - Nếu đổi nguợc lại từ TOO TO sang SO THAT thường sai việc quên thêm túc từ vào chia sai 3) ĐỔI TỪ TOO TO SANG ENOUGH : Đề thường có dạng : S + BE + TOO + ADJ + TO INF => S + BE NOT Cách làm : - Dùng tính từ phản nghĩa + enough - Viết lại hết phần sau He is too weak to run fast => He isn't => He isn't strong enough to run fast Ghi :Trong tất cấu trúc chổ BE V ADV thay cho ADJ Viết lại câu không thay đổi nghĩa: 1) The room is so tidy that it took us one hour to clean it => It is 2) The man is so fool that no one took any notice of him => He is 3) The film is so long that they can't broadcast it on one night => It is 4) The books are so interesting that we have read them many times => They are 5) The news was so bad that she burst into tears on hearing it => It was 6) The food was so hot that it turned my tongue => It was 7) There is so much rain that we can't go out => There is such 8) The boy is so fat that every calls him Stuffy => He is 9) The milk is so excellent that all the children want some more => It is 10) The weather was so warm that they had a walk in the garden => It was 11) There were so many people in the hall that we couldn't see him => There were such 12) The match was so exciting that all the fans shouted loudly => It was 13) They drank so much coffee that they couldn't sleep all night => They drunk such 14) Alice had so many exercises to that she couldn't go out => Alice had such 15) The woman was so poor that she needed everyone's help => She was Key 1) The room is so tidy that it took us one hour to clean it => It is such a tidy room that it took us one hour to clean it 2) The man is so fool that no one took any notice of him => He is such a foolish man that no one took any notice of him 3) The film is so long that they can't broadcast it on one night => It is such a long film that they can't broadcast it on one night 4) The books are so interesting that we have read them many times => They are such interesting books that we have read them many times 5) The news was so bad that she burst into tears on hearing it => It was bad enough for her to burst into tears on hearing it 6) The food was so hot that it turned my tongue => It was hot enough to turn my tongue 7) There is so much rain that we can't go out => There is such a lot of rain that we can't go out 8) The boy is so fat that every calls him Stuffy => He is fat enough to be called Stuffy 9) The milk is so excellent that all the children want some more => It is too excellent for children to want some more 10) The weather was so warm that they had a walk in the garden => It was warm enough for them to have a walk in the garden 11) There were so many people in the hall that we couldn't see him => There were such a lot of people in the hall that we couldn't see him 12) The match was so exciting that all the fans shouted loudly => It was such an exciting match that all the fans shouted loudly 13) They drank so much coffee that they couldn't sleep all night => They drunk such a lot of coffee that they couldn't sleep all night 14) Alice had so many exercises to that she couldn't go out => Alice had such a lot of exercises to that she couldn't go out 15) The woman was so poor that she needed everyone's help => She was too poor to be needed everyone's help DẠNG VIẾT LẠI CÂU DÙNG CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN : IF TRong chương trình lớp cần học câu điều kiện loại mà thôi, công thức sau: LOẠI : Bên có IF dùng đơn Bên IF dùng tương lai đơn LOẠI : Bên có IF dùng khứ đơn ( thay was = were) Bên IF dùng tương lai khứ ( would + nguyên mẫu ) - Can/ could thay will/ would CÁCH CHUYỂN TỪ CÂU THƢỜNG SANG CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN: - Nếu câu đề - / tương lai dùng loại + phản nghĩa It is rainy I can't go to school If => If it weren't rainy, I could go to school - Nếu câu đề : tưong lai - tương lai dùng loại (không phản nghĩa ) I will go to VT I will buy you a present If If I go to VT, I will buy you a present - Nếu câu đề : Don’t V…….or + mệnh đề viết lại : If you V ( viết lại hết ,bỏ or ) Don’t go out or you will get wet => if you go out, you will get wet - Nếu câu đề là: V …….or + mệnh đề viết lại : If you don’t V ( viết lại hết ,bỏ or ) Raise your hand or I will kill you => If you don’t raise your hand, I will kill you Lƣu ý : Nếu câu có because , so(= that’s why) phải bỏ ( đặt if vào chổ because , so(= that’s why) ngựoc lại ) 1) He can’t go out because he has to study for his exam => If…… 2) She is lazy so she can’t pass the exam If…… 3) He will pay me tonight; I will have enough money to buy a car => If…… 4) He smokes too much; that’s why he can’t get rid of his cough => If…… 5) She is very shy, so she doesn’t enjoy the party => If…… 6) I will get a work permit I will stay for another month => If…… 7) He doesn’t take any exercises He is so unhealthy => If…… 8) We can’t get the ticket because I don’t have the right change => If…… 9) Study hard or you won’t pass the exam => If…… 10) Don’t be impatient or you will make mistakes If…… key1) He can’t go out because he has to study for his exam => If he had to study for his exam, he could go out 2) She is lazy so she can’t pass the exam =>If she were lazy, she could pass the exam 3) He will pay me tonight; I will have enough money to buy a car => If he pays me tonight, I will have enough money to buy a car 4) He smokes too much; that’s why he can’t get rid of his cough => If he didn’t smoke too much, he could get rid of his cough 5) She is very shy, so she doesn’t enjoy the party => If she weren’t very shy, she would enjoy the party 6) I will get a work permit I will stay for another month => If I don’t get a work permit, I won’t stay for another month 7) He doesn’t take any exercises He is so unhealthy => If he took any exaecises, he were so healthy 8) We can’t get the ticket because I don’t have the right change => If we could get the ticket, I would have the right change 9) Study hard or you won’t pass the exam => If you study hard, you will pass the exam 10) Don’t be impatient or you will make mistakes => If you are impatient, you will make mistakes DẠNG CHUYỂN ĐỔI QUA LẠI GIỮA SO SÁNH HƠN / BẰNG / NHẤT Để làm phần bạn phải nắm vững công thức dạng so sánh tính từ /trạng từ Các dạng đề thường cho : 1) A B B không A Nguyên tắc : Nếu đề cho so sánh ta đổi thành so sánh + phủ định ví dụ : Tom is taller than Mary : Tom cao Mary Mary is => Mary is not nottall as Tom : Mary không cao Tom 2) không A A Nguyên tắc : So sánh => so sánh ví dụ : No one in the class is as tall as Tom: không lớp cao Tom => Tom is => Tom is the tallest in the class Tom cao lớp Viết lại câu không thay đổi nghĩa : 1) Nobody else in the class is fatter than Mary => Mary is the … 2) I haven’t written as much as you => You have written… 3) Tom’s hair was not as long as Mary’s => Mary’s hair was… 4) No student in the school is noisier than I am => I am the … 5) The first film was not as interesting as this one => This film was … 6) This house is not so expensive as that one => That house is the … 7) My dog ate more than your dog => Your dog didn’t … 8) Volleyball is not as exciting as football => Football is …… 9) Tom isn’t as interested in movies as his father => Tom’s father is … 10) Mary is the best cook in this class => No one else … Key Viết lại câu không thay đổi nghĩa : 1) Nobody else in the class is fatter than Mary => Mary is the fattest in the class 2) I haven’t written as much as you => You have written more than me 3) Tom’s hair was not as long as Mary’s => Mary’s hair was longer than Tom's 4) No student in the school is noisier than I am => I am the noisiest student in the school 5) The first film was not as interesting as this one => This film was more interesting than the first one 6) This house is not so expensive as that one => That house is the most expensive house 7) My dog ate more than your dog => Your dog didn’t eat as much as mine 8) Volleyball is not as exciting as football => Football is more exciting than volleyball 9) Tom isn’t as interested in movies as his father => Tom’s father is interested in movies more than Tom 10) Mary is the best cook in this class => No one else in this class cook better than Mary DẠNG CHUYỂN ĐỔI QUA LẠI GIỮA ĐỘNG TỪ VÀ DANH TỪ CHỈ NGƢỜI Các dạng đề thường cho : S + V + ADV => S +BE + (a/an) ADJ + N (ngừoi) Cách làm : - Đổi động từ thành danh từ ngừoi - Đổi trạng từ thành tính từ ,đem đặt trứoc danh từ ví dụ : Tom drives carefully ( Tom lái xe cẩn thận ) => Tom is => Tom is a careful driver.( Tom tài xế cẩn thận ) Một số cách đổi động từ thành danh từ nguời : Thông thường việc thêm ER sau động từ, có số ngoại lệ sau: Study => student Type => typist cycle => cyclist Cook => cook ( không dùng cooker ! ) Play guitar => guitarist Nếu có động từ play + môn chơi thể thao đặt môn chơi trước chữ player: Play football => football player 1) She cooks very well She is a ……… 2) My aunt teaches English very well => My aunt is ……… 3) He cycles very slowly He is……… 4) He types carefully => He is ……… 5) These children are quick runners => These children can …… 6) My father plays soccer very well => My father is a ……… 7) I drive very badly => I am a… 8) She sings very beautifully => She is a……… 9) He works very hard => He is……… 10) Tom swims very fast Tom is ……… Key 1) She cooks very well She is a good cook 2) My aunt teaches English very well => My aunt is a good English teacher 3) He cycles very slowly He is a slow cyclist 4) He types carefully => He is careful typer 5) These children are quick runners => These children can run quickly 6) My father plays soccer very well => My father is a good soccer player 7) I drive very badly => I am a bad driver 8) She sings very beautifully => She is a beautiful singer 9) He works very hard => He is a hard worker 10) Tom swims very fast Tom is a fast swimmer DẠNG CHUYỂN ĐỔI QUA LẠI GIỮA Although/ though despite / in spite of Nguyên tắc chung cần nhớ : Although/ though + mệnh đề Despite / in spite of + cụm từ Các công thức biến đổi từ mệnh đề sang cụm từ sau: 1) Nếu chủ từ mệnh đề giống nhau: - Bỏ chủ từ ,động từ thêm ING Although Tom got up late, he got to school on time => Despite / in spite of getting up late, Tom got to school on time 1) Nếu chủ từ danh từ + be + tính từ - Đem tính từ đặt trứoc danh từ ,bỏ to be Although the rain is heavy, => Despite / in spite of the heavy rain, 3) Nếu chủ từ đại từ + be + tính từ : - Đổi đại từ thành sỡ hửu ,đổi tính từ thành danh từ ,bỏ be Although He was sick, => Despite / in spite of his sickness, 4) Nếu chủ từ đại từ + động từ + trạng từ - Đổi đại từ thành sở hữu, động từ thành danh từ ,trạng từ thành tính từ đặt trước danh từ Although He behaved impolitely, => Despite / in spite of his impolite behavior , 5) Nếu câu có dạng : there be + danh từ Hoặc : S + have + N - Thì bỏ there be Although there was an accident , => Despite / in spite of an accident, Công thức áp dụng cho biến đổi từ BECAUSE -> BECAUSE OF BÀI TẬP : Viết lại câu không thay đổi nghĩa: 1) Although Tom was a poor student, he studied very well => In spite of …… 2) Mary could not go to school because she was sick Because of …. 3) Although the weather was bad, she went to school on time => Despite … 4) My mother told me to go to school although I was sick => In spite of … 5) Because there was a big storm, I stayed at home => Because of … 6) Tom was admitted to the university although his grades were bad Despite… 7) Although she has a physical handicap, she has become a successful woman => Despite … 8) In spite of his god salary, Tom gave up his job => Although… 9) Though he had not finished the paper, he went to sleep => In spite of …… 10) In spite of the high prices, my daughter insists on going to the movies => Even though …… Key 1) Although Tom was a poor student, he studied very well => In spite of his poverty, Tom studied very well 2) Mary could not go to school because she was sick =>Because of her sickness, Mary couldn't go to school 3) Although the weather was bad, she went to school on time => Despite the bad weather, she went to school on time 4) My mother told me to go to school although I was sick => In spite of my sickness, my mother told me to go to school 5) Because there was a big storm, I stayed at home => Because of the big storm, I stayed at home 6) Tom was admitted to the university although his grades were bad =>Despite the bad grades, Tom was admitted to the university 7) Although she has a physical handicap, she has become a successful woman => Despite having a physical handicap, she has become a successful woman 8) In spite of his good salary, Tom gave up his job => Although Tom get good salary, heb gave up his job 9) Though he had not finished the paper, he went to sleep => In spite of not having finished the paper, he went to sleep 10) In spite of the high prices, my daughter insists on going to the movies => Even though the prices are high, my daughter insists on going to the movies ... hửu ,đổi tính từ thành danh từ ,bỏ be Although He was sick, => Despite / in spite of his sickness, 4) Nếu chủ từ đại từ + động từ + trạng từ - Đổi đại từ thành sở hữu, động từ thành danh từ ,trạng... chủ từ danh từ + be + tính từ - Đem tính từ đặt trứoc danh từ ,bỏ to be Although the rain is heavy, => Despite / in spite of the heavy rain, 3) Nếu chủ từ đại từ + be + tính từ : - Đổi đại từ. .. DẠNG CHUYỂN ĐỔI QUA LẠI GIỮA ĐỘNG TỪ VÀ DANH TỪ CHỈ NGƢỜI Các dạng đề thường cho : S + V + ADV => S +BE + (a/an) ADJ + N (ngừoi) Cách làm : - Đổi động từ thành danh từ ngừoi - Đổi trạng từ thành