CLAUSE AND PHRASE OF CONCESSION I- CLAUSE OF CONCESSION (Mệnh đề nhượng bộ) Definition: Là mệnh đề tương phản hai mệnh đề câu Bắt đầu : although, though, even though, even if (mặc dù) + clause Although Though + Clause (S + V …) Even though Even if Ex1: He was lazy He passed the test -> Although he was lazy, he passed the test Ex2: We had a picnic The weather was bad -> We had a picnic though the weather was bad II- PHRASE OF CONCESSION: (Cụm từ nhượng bộ) Bắt đầu IN SPITE OF/ DESPITE (mặc dù) sau cụm từ (phrase) cụm danh từ cum danh động từ IN SPITE OF/ DESPITE + phrase (noun phrase/ gerund phrase Ex1: Despite studying hard, he failed the final test Ex2: We had a picnic in spite of the bad weather III- THE WAYS OF CHANGING A CLAUSE TO A PHRASE (cách đổi mệnh đề thành cụm từ) 1- Mệnh đề có chủ từ đại từ (Pronoun) + be + adj đổi sang cụm từ ta bỏ BE, đổi chủ từ thành tính từ sở hữu (possessive adj), đổi tính từ thành danh từ Subject (pronoun) + be + adj Possessive adj + noun Ex1: Although he was lazy, he passed the test Despite his laziness, he passed the test Ex2: Though he was poor, he lived a happy life 2- Mệnh đề có chủ từ danh từ (noun) + be + adj chuyển sang cụm từ ta bỏ Be, đổi chủ từ thành sở hữu cách (possessive case), đổi tính từ thành danh từ Subject (noun) + be + adj possessive case + noun Ex: The car didn’t crash though the driver was careless The car didn’t crash despite the driver’s carelessness 3- Mệnh đề có chủ từ + V(ordinary) chuyển sang cụm từ ta bỏ chủ từ đổi động từ sang dạng V-ing Subject + V(ordinary) V-ing Ex: Though he studied hard, he didn’t passed the test In spite of studying hard, he didn’t passed the test 4- Mệnh đề có There be + noun, chuyển sang cụm từ ta bỏ there be There + be -> x Ex: + Noun + Noun Although there were many people there, they couldn’t rescue him Despite many people there, they couldn’t rescue him * CLAUSE AND PHRASE OF REASON (Mệnh đề cụm từ ngun nhân) I- CLAUSE OF REASON (Mệnh đề ngun nhân) Definition: Là mệnh đề ngun nhân hành đ ộng nêu mệnh đề Bắt đầu : Because (vì) + clause Because+ Clause (S + V …) Ex: He came ten minutes late He missed the first train He came ten minutes late because he missed the first train Main clause Clause of reason II- PHRASE OF REASON: (Cụm từ nguyên nhân ï) Bắt đầu BECAUSE OF (bởi vì) sau cụm từ (phrase) cụm danh từ cum danh động từ BECAUSE OF + phrase (noun phrase/ gerund phrase Ex1: Because of the bad weather, they didn’t take part in the trip Noun phrase Ex2: They stayed at home because of being sick Gerund phrase III- THE WAYS OF CHANGING A CLAUSE TO A PHRASE (cách đổi mệnh đề thành cụm từ) - Cách đổi mệnh đề nguyên nhân sang cụm từ giống cách đổi mệnh đề nhượng sang cụm từ Ex: I catch cold because I went out in the rain yesterday I catch cold because of going out in the rain yesterday EXERCISES: Exercise 1: Combine each pair of sentences below, using the conjunction given in brackets He is very rich He isn’t happy (although) -2 She couldn’t answer the question She is very intelligent (though) -3 He tried He was not successful (though) -4 His life is hard He determined to study well (although) -5 He was wise and experienced He was not taken in (though) -Exercise 2: Change the clause of concession to phrase She didn’t eat much though she was hungry -2 Although he had much experience in machinery, he didn’t succeed in repairing this machine -3 We did the test well though it was difficult -4 Although he is strong, I’m not afraid of him -5 The plane took off though the weather was bad -6 Though his English was good, he wasn’t chosen -7 Although the streets are narrow, many people drive in this city -8 Mr Pike doesn’t wear glasses though he is over sixty -9 He ate the chocolate cake even though he was on diet  -10 He studies very well though his life was hard at that time Exercise 3: Change the clause of reason to phrase Because she was careful, she didn’t make any mistakes in her answers -2 I started to cough because there was smoke in the room -3 We didn’t go fishing because the water was rough -4 I couldn’t the test because it was difficult -5 Peter didn’t go to school yesterday because he was sick -6 Mary went to bed early because she felt tired -7 She didn’t go to the circus with Betty because she had a bad cold -8 John succeeded in his exam because he worked hard -9 She stayed at home because her mother was sick -10 I like him because his father is kind to me Exercise : Choose A, B, C or D that best completes each unfinished sentence we were in town , we often met him a For b Although C So d When She didn’t get the job she had all the necessary qualifications a because b although c so d but I could not eat I was very hungry a even though b in spite c despite d in spite the fact that In pite _ , the baseball game was not cancelled a the rain b of the rain c it was raining d there was a rain he had enough money , he refused to buy a new car a In spite b In spite of c Despite d Although , he walked to the station a Despite being tired b Although to be tired c In spite being tired d Despite tired The children slept well , despite _ a it was noise b the noise c of the noise d noisy She left him she still loved him a even if b even though c in spite of d despite _ her lack of hard work , she was promoted a In spite b Even though c in spite of d despite of 10 _ they are brothers, they not look like a Although b Even c Despite d In spite of 11 We are concerned with the problem of energy resouces we must also think of our environment a despite b though c as though d but 12 some Japanese women are successful in business , the majority of Japanese companies are run by men a But Even if c If d As though ... rescue him * CLAUSE AND PHRASE OF REASON (Mệnh đề cụm từ ngun nhân) I- CLAUSE OF REASON (Mệnh đề ngun nhân) Definition: Là mệnh đề ngun nhân hành đ ộng nêu mệnh đề Bắt đầu : Because (vì) + clause Because+... THE WAYS OF CHANGING A CLAUSE TO A PHRASE (cách đổi mệnh đề thành cụm từ) - Cách đổi mệnh đề nguyên nhân sang cụm từ giống cách đổi mệnh đề nhượng sang cụm từ Ex: I catch cold because I went out... crash though the driver was careless The car didn’t crash despite the driver’s carelessness 3- Mệnh đề có chủ từ + V(ordinary) chuyển sang cụm từ ta bỏ chủ từ đổi động từ sang dạng V-ing Subject