1 INTRODUCTION Rationale of this research Tourism is growing rapidly, bringing high socio - economic and environmental efficiency of many countries in over the world Tourism has become the key economic sector in Viet Nam thanks to divers and abundant tourism resource The fact of tourism growth in our country shows that a proper and judicious evaluating and exploitating not only promote economic development but also contribute on conserving stable resource Thua Thien - Hue (TTH) is one of the few regions which have divers and abundant tourism resources, especially the special and high humanity tourism resources This is the land of history, culture, and the political, culture, economic center of our country in more than centuries Nowadays, TTH still remains many cultural heritages which feature for spirit and wisdom of Vietnamese race, becomes the precious heritage of the nation and one of its’ important part was recognized as a cultural heritage of the world The fact is that the humanity tourism resource exploitation in over decade achieved many accomplishments but its' economic efficiency is still poor due to monotonous tourism products and mainly exploiting some resources belonging the Complex of Hue Monuments Therefore, inventorying and evaluating tourism exploiting possibility for resource is necessary in order to have rational and more effective exploiting orientations and solutions in the future That is the reasons for the author to choose the research project: “The evaluation of humanity tourism resource in Thua Thien - Hue province” for my Geography doctoral thesis Literature review In the world, the theoretical and practical issues of humanity tourism resource and evaluating them have been mentioned in many studies such as: Cultural resources for Tourism: Models, process and Policy, Myriam Jansen - Verbeke et el (2008); Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of the World Heritage Convention, UNESCO (2001); Sustainable Tourism Management , John Swarbrooke (2000), Linking communities tourism and conservation - A tourism assessment process, Elleen Guierrez,… In Vietnam, the theories of humanity tourism resource has been mainly researched in geographical aspect with a special meaningful study: “Viet Nam tourism geography", Nguyen Minh Tue (chef editor, 2000) Many studies tend toward organizing tourism territory and evaluating tourism resource, including arranging humanity tourism resource in local and provincial scale Humanity tourism resources in TTH are considered in many aspects: History, culture, architecture, art, religion,… Plans on tourism development, assessment of tourism resources, plans on tourism territory, evaluation of cultural - historical relics,… have been provided a lot of information and hints for the author Generally, humanity tourism resources and evaluating them are interested and researched in many different aspects However, evaluating comprehensively on humanity tourism resources of TTH according to tourism resource sites have not had anystudy researched systematically Research object and tasks 3.1 Research object The thesis aims to assess humanity tourism resources of Thua Thien - Hue province Basing on the findings to propose recommendations on orientations and solutions to exploit effectively humanity tourism resources and satisfy sustainably growth requirements of TTH tourism in the future 3.2 Research tasks - To review key theoretical and practical issues related to humanity tourism resources, evaluating humanity tourism resources to apply them to concrete conditions of the research area - To identify suitable criteria to assess humanity tourism resources in TTH province; - To analyze characteristics of humanity tourism resources in TTH; - To evaluate humanity tourism resources sites of TTH for tourism development - To analyze situation of exploiting humanity tourism resources in TTH - To propose orientation of developing toward tourist sites, routes and solutions in order to exploit effectively humanity tourism resources in TTH in the future Research scope Content scope: - The thesis focus on inventorying, analyzing generally humanity tourism resources in TTH, including cultural - historical relics; festivals; objects related to ethnology; traditional craft villages; objects of cultural, sports and other awareness activities - Comprehensive scale method is used to evaluate resrearch objects that are fixed space objects Basing on resources inventory and to set off traditional specific values of TTH province, the thesis chooses resource sites to assess upon comprehensive scale + Cultural - historical relics: The thesis assesses all of rated relics + Traditional craft villages: The thesis assesses traditional craft villages oriented on tourism developing, which is belong to Project “The plan on craft and craft village growth in TTH boundary to 2020 and orientation to 2025” and some traditional craft villages that are attractive for tourists at present + Festivals, tourism subjects related to ethnology, cultural, sport and other awareness objects: The thesis assesses resources attracted to tourists - The humanity tourism resource sites have comprehensive assessment consequence with medium level or more will be conducted to plan exploitation orientation by tourism sites and routes Spatial scope: The thesis analyzes generally humanity tourism resources and evaluates humanity tourism resource sites within boundary of TTH’s territory, and plans orientation of exploiting them not only within space of the province but also linked to the neighboring provinces Time scope: The thesis evaluates humanity tourism resources of TTH at present, studies on situation of tourism growth and exploities humanity tourism resources of TTH in the period of 2000 - 2013 and proposes orientations, solutions to exploit effectively resources till 2030 Research approaches and methods - The five research approaches were used as follows: synthetic, systematic, spatial, historical - perspective and sustainable development - The following methods were applied: secondary data collection; survay research; expertise; statistics; field trip; map-GIS; SWOT analysis Contributions and New Findings - Having contributed to clarify the theory of humanity tourism resources and humanity tourism resources assessment, on that basis, the thesis have established procedure, theory framework to assess them - Having introduced system of criteria, indicators and weights of criteria for evaluating humanity tourism resources - Having set off the value of humanity tourism resources in TTH and spatial differentiation of resources; identifing capacity of exploiting humanity tourism resources of the province to base for constructing orientation to exploit resources to offer tourism development more suitably - Analyzed the advantages and difficulties of exploiting humanity tourism resources in TTH under the view of state administration agencies (management sector), tourism companies and tourists - Having proposed some orientations and solutions in order to exploit effectively resources to promote tourism development in TTH untill 2030 Research structure Apart from the introduction and conclusions, references and appendices, the content of the thesis consists of three chapters: Chapter 1: Theoretical and practical background of evaluating humanity tourism resources Chapter 2: Humanity tourism resources and evaluating humanity tourism resources in Thua Thien - Hue Chapter 3: Orientations and solutions to exploit effectively humanity tourism resources in Thua Thien - Hue CHAPTER 1: THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL BACKGROUND OF EVALUATING HUMANITY TOURISM RESOURCES 1.1 Theoretical background 1.1.1 Some basis concepts - Tourism means activities connected with trips taken by people outside their habitual residences aimed at satisfying their needs for sightseeing, study, leisure or recreation in a certain period of time - Tourists means a person who travels for either tourism or for other purposes combined with tourism, except for those who go to study, work or practice their professions to get paid at the places of destination - Tourist product means a combination of necessary services provided in order to meet the needs of tourists during a trip - Tourism types is a set of tourist products having the same identities of needs, motives, customers, distributing wa , organizing way, cost, - Tourism resources means natural landscapes, natural elements, historical or cultural relics, works of creative human labor or humanity values which can be utilized to meet tourist needs and constitute a fundamental factor to form tourist resorts, tourist spots, tourist routes or tourist cities - Tourist site and tourism resource site: Tourism resource site considered as places that have some types of tourism resources Tourist spot are places that are attractive tourism resources and being exploited to offer tourists’ visit needs 1.1.2 Humanity tourism resources 1.1.2.1 Definition: Humanity tourism resource includes cultural traditions and factors, folk art, historical relics, revolutions, archeological works, architectures, labour works of human creativities and the other intangible and tangible cultural heritages, can be used for tourism purposes 1.1.2.2 Characteristic: Humanity tourism resources have the following characteristics: Universality; specificity; diversity and abundance; tangible and intangible valuation; difference in exploiting time; restorableness, changeability and creatability; centralization and accessibility; more cognitive than entertaining and resting 1.1.2.3 Classify: Humanity tourism resources are divided into following groups: Cultural - historical relics, festivals, subbject sassociated ethnology, traditional craft villages, other cultural, sport objects and awareness activities Also, humanis recognized with the honour equivalent with the value levels of world, nation….) 1.1.3 Evaluating humanity tourism resources 1.1.3.1 Approaches of evaluating humanity tourism resources Evaluation orientations: Quantities and qualitative Evaluation process: There are steps: building evaluation scale, conducting evaluation and assessting consequence 1.1.3.2 Criteria and indicators to assess humanity tourism resources * Choosing criteria: There are criteria used to evaluate humanity tourism resources to apply to TTH provinces as follows: Attractiveness, accessibility, connectiveness, conservation level, exploitation time and tourist carrying capacity Grade level indicators: Humanity tourism resource sites are assessed into five level as follows Table 1.1 Grade assessment criteria of humanity tourism resources Criteria Grade level Attractiveness Very attractive Tourism resource rank and The tourism famous level toward tourist resource placesthat its’ reputation and value exceed over Vietnamese territory, are well-known in over the world or are worldranked level and dosmeticallywel lknown Accessibility - Distance From resource sites to provincial administration center - Vehicles Number of vehicles Quality of road Percent of roads with asphalt - Approach time Average time to travel from the center to resource sites Connectiveness Number of vicinal resource locatons Conservation level Attractive - Tourism resource placesare ranked from special nation- rank updown and its’ reputation , value is wellknow in the coutry ; or are world-ranked and wellknown in the province -Tourism resource places which have not been ranked are considered attractive if the reputation and value are dosmetically wellknown Medium - Tourism resource sites are worldranked but their reputation and value is just well- known by local tourists or districted tourists or tourists of neighbor districs; -For unranked resource sites, their reputation and value must be well-known by provincial tourists Less attractive Tourism resource sites are nationally ranked but their reputation and value are just well-known by local tourists; or resource sites are nationally ranked and their reputation and value are well-known by districted tourists or tourist of neighbor districts For unranked resource sites, their reputation and value must be well-known by local tourists Very advantageous Very near Under 10kms Advantageous Medium Less advantageous Unattractive Tourism resource sites are nationally ranked or povincially ranked but their reputation and value are well-known by local tourists; or resource sites are princially ranked and their reputation and value are well-known by districted tourists or tourist of neighbor districts For unranked resource sites, their reputation and value are just wellknown by local tourists Disadvantageous Near Form 10 – 30 kms Medium Form 30 – 50 kms Far Form 50 – 70 kms Very far More than 70kms Very many verhicles Very good 100% Very short < 30 minutes Many verhicles Good Form 90-100% Short From 30-60 minutes Medium verhicles Medium Form 80-90% Medium From 60-90 minutes few Verhicles Bad Form 70-80% Long From 90-120 minutes Very few Verhicle Bery bad 50% frequency) and others Tourism types are simple, mainly pure visit program Tourism routers and places are mostly concentrately exploited in Hue city and surrounding areas 2.4.1.2 The number of tourists and visit ticket receipts The number of arrivals to Hue monuments is continuously increasing with the tourist growth rate reaching 6%/year and the receipt growth rate reaching 15%/year in the period from 2000 till 2013 2.4.1.3 Resource preservation, repairation and restoration: Hundreds cultural- historical relics are preserved, repared and restored; training and transmitting the profession of traditional arts has brought many positive efficiencies in socio-economic aspect to contribute to attract tourist and establish the interest of local community 2.4.1.4 Administration: The province has established the management agencies for special humanity tourism resources In additions, the province has also carried out activities combined local community in monument preservation Accordingly, the analyzation of exploitation situation of humanity tourism resources has showed that the eploitation level among tourism places is hugely different Synthesis of humanity tourism resource exploitation capacity and level is show in the table below: Table 2.8 Synthesis table of humanity tourism resource exploitation capacity and level in TTH Exploitation Orde Tourism resources sites capacity r 1Imperial Palace 2Tu Duc Tomb 3Thien Mu pagoda 4Hue Capital Citadel 5Nam Giao Esplanade 6Long An Palace Very high 7Imperial Academy 8An Dinh Palace 9Lac Tinh Gadern House 10Khai Dinh Tomb 11Thanh Toan Tile roofed Bridge 12Minh Mang Tomb 13Hon Chen Temple Exploitation level Very much Much Medium Little Very little 16 High Medium 14Sinh village wrestle festival 15Hon Chen Temple festival 16Ca Hue on Huong river 17Hue Copper casting craft village 18Sinh village painting 19Thanh Tien paper flower 20Thuy Xuan incense village 21Tu Hieu Pagoda 22Ho Chi Minh Museum 23An Hien garden house 24Dong Ba market 25Quoc Hoc high school 26 Souvenir house of Uncle Ho in 112 MaiThuc Loan 27Phan Boi Chau worship house, cemetery and tomb 28Duc Duc tomb 29Dong Khanh Tomb 30Ho Quyen Arena 31Xa Tac Esplanade 32Thieu Tri Tomb 33Gia Long Tomb 34Temple of Literature 35Nguyen Tri Phuong Tomb and worship house 36Phuoc Tich Ancient village 37Souvenir area of Nguyen Chi Thanh 38Duong No souvenir house 39Duong No temple 40My Khanh tower 41Thanh Duyen temple 42Phuoc Tich ceramic village 43Quan The Am festival 44Huyen Tran temple festival 45Akai cultural Village 46Thuy Thanh Palm-leaf conical hat 47Zeng Textile in A Luoi 48Bao La Bamboo Knitting Craft Village 49Tu Dam pagoda 50Huyen Khong Son Thuong pagoda 51Bach Ma Monastery 52Huyen Tran cultural center 53Thien Lam pagoda 54Hai Van Gate 55Thien An monastery 56Phu Cam church 57Dong Chua Cuu The church 58Gac Trinh 59Ngo Dinh Can house and Nine trenche area 60Tinh Tam lake 61Voi Re temple 62Trung Ky Resident Superior building 63Ton That Thuyet worship palace 63Thu Le temple 65An Truyen village temple 66Ha Trung pagoda 67A Bia hill 68Doi cultural village 69My Xuyen carpentry village 70Loc Thuy melaleuca oil village 71Son Cha lighthouse 17 Low 72Tombs of Lord Nguyen Hoang 73Thanh Trung pagoda 74Rock cave in Gion Mountain 75Dong So-A Tuc tunnel 76Khe Tre victory place The table 2.8 shows the suitableness between the assessment consequence of humanity tourism resources and the situation of resource exploitation Concurrently, The table 2.8 shows that TTH province still has geography for tourism development in the future 2.4.2 According to perception of tourists Basing on special value of resources and situation of humanity tourism places in TTH at present, the thesis focus on surveying perception of foreign and dosmetic tourists with the two tourism groups and their own questionnairs which includes cultural-historical relics and cultural monuments (called cultural relic-monument) and traditional craft villages, … 2.4.2.1 Characteristics of servey objects of origin, age, career,… reflect closely to characteristics of tourists who visit Hue , which ensure that interviewees can represent for the whole 2.4.2.2 Trip information of tourist: Most of tourists who visit Hue care about humanity tourism resources with more than ½ tourists visiting Hue at the first time, short time staying and mainly self organizing 2.4.2.3 Perception of tourists.Tourist feeling is assessed with average value levels as follows: Form 1,00 to 1,80 points: Absolutely disagree/Absolutely unsatisfied; from 1,81 to 2,60 points: Disagree/Unsatisfied; from 2,61 to 3,40 points: Normal; from 3,42 to 4,20 points: Agree/Sastisfied; from 4,21 to 5,0 points: Agree/Sastisfied completely a Perception about tourism programs: Most of tourist fell satisfied with tourism programs with the average score of 3,5 This feeling level is not high for a nation center of tourism as Hue b Perception about tourism relic-amonument sites: Generally, tourists feel satisfied with culturaltourism relic-monument places, especially landcapse, architecture and historical value of resources Howerver, the number of tourists who are unsatisfied with invironmentalsanitation condition and other supplimental services is still high With the differences of culture, foreign tourists appreciate these relics more than dosmetic tourists 18 c Perception about traditional craft village tourism sites: Most of tourists feel satisfied; especially landscape, architecture, peaceful living invironment and people temper are appreciated Nevertheless, tourists also feel less satisfied with supplement and noise when visiting those craft villages This is fit with appropriate with the situation of traditional craft village tourism exploitation which is spoitaneous or invested with small scale and unmethodical American, Eropian, Australian and African tourists appreciate the factors that reflect resource values rather than Asian and dosmetic tourists Besides that, products of traditional craft village tourism places in TTH at present are still not appreciated both about quality and style CHAPTER ORIENTATIONS AND SOLUTIONS TO EXPLOIT EFFECTIVELY HUMANITY TOURISM RESOURCES IN THUA THIEN – HUE 3.1 The basis to set up orientations 3.1.1.Master plan on tourism development of Viet Nam and the North Central region to 2020 and vision 2030: to define TTH as the key area of tourism development and Hue as the biggest tourism city of North Central 3.1.2 Master plan on socio-economic development and master plan on tourism development in TTH for the 2013-2020 period, vision 2030: to define tourism as the key economics, to connect tourism growth with Hue cultural preservation 3.1.3 Some achivements and limitations of TTH’s tourism: Tourism operation is increasing in tourist, tourist infrastructure, tourist physical and technical facilities and tourism human resource However, tourism operation still has many disadvantages in exploitating resources, organizing, administer and planning development strategies 3.1.4 Advantages and difficulties in humanity tourism resource exploitation in ThuaThien Hue SWOT matrix below shows the combination of strengths (S), weaknesses (W) from the internal side of tourism and opportunities (O), threats (T) from the ouside of exploiting humanity tourism resources to develop tourism in TTH 19 Table 3.2 Analyzing SWOT for humanity tourism resources in ThuaThien - Hue Opportunities (O) Threats (T) O1: Needs to explore, other cultures of T1: Eergence of world heritage in the foreign and dosmetiec tourists country and other neighbor countries O2: political instability of other neighbored T2: Degradation of cultural tourism countries relics, especially Hue cultural O3: Hue is defined as the key of North heritages under strong impacts off Central and country about cultural tourism invironmental factors (climate) O4: Hue is defined as the festival city of T3: Emergence of Da Nang tourism Vietnam center O5 Many investors come to TTH T4: Consumers are more and more Fastidious ,quality requirement is higher and higher Strengths (S) Combination of strengths and Combination of strengths and S1: Humanity tourism resources are diverse opportunities threats and abundant and potential to develop S1, 2, 3O1, 2, 3: focusing on developing S1, 2, 3T2: To embellish and manage S2: There are world cultural heritages cultural tourism type cultural historical relics S3: Cultural-historical relics are highly S1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6O1, 2, 3, 4, 5: To diversify tourism S2, 11T1, 3: To promote trademark of valuable with the dense denseity products associated with humanity world heritage with beautiful S4: Traditional craft villages have specific tourism resources landscape and famous products S3, 9, 8O1: To promote exploiting tours S9T1: To strengthen business S5: Ethnic community culture is special connected to humanity tourism resource operation and tourism spread S6: Food art is abundant places S4, 7, 10T1, 2: To promote local S7: Profuse and knowledgeable humanity S4O1: To promote strengths of traditional manpower ,make special tourism resource villages associated tourism products and participate tourism S8: Variety of transportation types S5O1, 3, 4: To promote feature of ethnic activities S9: Tourist accommodation establishment community culture S6T3, 4: To enlist the incentive and travel agencies system is quite perfect S6, 10O1, 3, 4: To spread food art of Hue and policies of government to invest to S10: Tradition of being friendly and Tradition of being friendly and hospitable improve tourism product quality hospitable of people of people S11: Beautiful resonance of landscape S1,2, 3,4, 5,6 ,8, 9O2, 4: To promote trademark of S12: Incentive policies for investment specific festival city of Vietnam and the world Weaknesses (W) Combination of weaknesses and Combination of weaknesses and W1: Tourist restrain to visit Hue opportunities threats W2: Many cultural historical relics are W2, 5O3, 4, 5: To attract investment to W1T1: To build tourism products damaged and degraded restoration of relics, specially world and services for off-seasons W3: Lack of guidlines of tourism heritages W2, 12T2: To socialize information to cultural historical relics W1,2, 4, 5O1: Constructing special tourism management of local cultural W4: Most of resource places have small products by using strengths ofhumanity historical relics capacity tourism resource , traditional craft W5T1, 3: To invest to develop W5: Traditional craft villages are in danger villages, food art to attract tourists to specific traditional craft villages of losing tours exploring history and culture W2, 3, 4, 6, T4: To invest focussingly W6: Lack of tourist accommodation W3, 6, 7O5: To attract investment to to restore relics and improve service establishments with high quality tourism technological facility quality to increase tourism serving W7: Lack of entertaining services construction projects with high quality value W8: Local people tourism spontaneously W5, 10O3, 4, 5: To support bussinesses and W8, 10T3,4: To buildprior and W9: Some tourism places without security local people developing tourism ecouragechanism to develop local and silence W8, 9O3, 4,: To strengthen management tourism business establishment W10: Indifference and unconfidence of local toward tourism operation W8, 9, 11T4: to strengthen people W2, 12, 11O3, 4: To socialize resource in management operation and W11: Lack of connection in management and protection, restoration relics connection of branches in exploitation of humanity tourism resources resource management and W12: Limitation in taking care and exploitation protecting relics of local people 3.2 Orientations for effective exploitation of humanity tourism resources in Thua Thien - Hue to offer tourism development till 2030 20 3.2.1 Overall orientations Exploitation of humanity tourism resource has to pay attention to orientations below: Must be appropriate with master plan on socioeconomic and tourism development; to spread tourism operation area; to diversify tourism products; to attach tourism to raising traditional cultural values of the nation; to attach to restoration and development of resources; to orient toward sustainable development goals; to attach to local community 3.2.2 Orientaion of exploitation by location 3.2.2.1 Scale orientation: According to the table 2,8, scale orientaion of resource location is the comprehensive consequence of tourism exploitation level (situation) and resource exploitation capacity (potentiality), as followings: Table 3.3: Scale orientation of humanity tourism resource exploitation Exploitation level Very much Exploitation capacity Very high High Medium Notes: National tourism sites Much Medium Little Local tourism sites Very little Potential tourism sites - Resource group oriented to become national tourism sites includes Imperial Palace, Long An Palace, Tu Duc tomb, Thien Mu pagoda, Khai Dinh tomb, Minh Mang tomb, Ca Hue on Huong river - Resource group oriented to become local toruismsites includes: Sinh village wrestle, Hon Chen temple festival, Nam Giao esplanade, Thuy Xuan incense village, An Dinh Palace, Thanh Toan tile roofed bridge , - Potential tourism sites Other resources : 3.2.2.2 Orientation toward tourist product With the goal of diversitifying tourism products and offered capacity of humanity tourism resources, the thesis orient to tourism product belove: Table 3.4 Orienting tourism product associated with humanity tourism resources Order Tourism resources points Imperial Palace Tu Duc Tomb Thien Mu Pagoda Hue Capital Citadel Nam Giao Esplanade Long An Palace Heritage Visiting revoluionary historical relics Tourism products Visiting and learning cultural Cultural Festivals historical, tradition celebrity Traditional craft villages Religion and spirit 21 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 Imperial Academy An Dinh Palace Lac Tinh Gadern House Khai Dinh Tomb Thanh Toan Tile roofed Bridge Minh Mang Tomb Hon Chen Temple Wrestle festival of Sinh village Hon Chen Temple festival Ca Hue on Huong river Hue Copper casting craft village Sinh village painting Thanh Tien paper flower Thuy Xuan incense village Tu Hieu Pagoda Ho Chi Minh museum An Hien garden house Dong Ba market Quoc Hoc high school Souvernir house in 112 Mia Thuc Loan Phan Boi Chau worship house, cemetery and tomb Duc Duc tomb Dong Khanh Tomb Ho Quyen Arena Xa Tac Esplanade Thieu Tri Tomb Gia Long Tomb Temple of Literature Nguyen Tri Phuong tomb and worship house Phuoc Tich Ancient villgage Souvenir area of Nguyen Chi Thanh Duong No souvenir house Duong No temple My Khanh tower Thanh Duyen temple Phuoc Tich ceramic village Quan The Am festival Huyen Tran temple festival Akai cultural village Thuy Thanh palm-leaf conical hat Zeng textile in A Luoi Bao La bamboo knitting craft village Tu Dam pagoda Huyen Khong Son Thuong pagoda Bach Ma monastery Huyen Tran Cultural Center Thien Lam pagoda Hai Van Gate Thien An Monastery Phu Cam church Dong Chua Cuu The chuch Gac Trinh Ngo Dinh Can house and Nine trenche area Tinh Tam lake Voi Re temple Trung Ky Resident Superior Ton That Thuyet worship palace Thu Le temple An Truyen village temple Ha Trung pagoda A Bia hill Doi cultural village My Xuyen carpentry village Loc Thuy melaleuca oil village Son Cha lighthouse 22 3.2.3 Oriontaion of exploitation by route a Provincial tourist routes - Special subject tourism routes: Basing on constructed tourist products, the thesis hasconstructed special subject tourist routes with 30 particular routes - Comprehensive tourist route: The thesis have constructed routes including: comprehensive routes on the North, South and West with particular routes b Extra-provincial tourist routes - Interprovincial tourism routes On the North (connecting resources to Quang Tri, Quang Binh) and on the North (connecting resource to Da Nang and Quang Nam with particular routes - National tourist route: Connecting to Lao and North East Thai Lan by Lao Bao border gate (Quang Tri) or S3 and S10 border (A Luoi) 3.3 Solutions for human tourism resource exploitation in TTH 3.3.1 Mechanism solutions and policies associated with humanity tourism resource exploitation * Investment: - To prioritize transportation infrastructure development to create advantageous condition for connection of tourism sites and contribute to dirvertify tourism products - To build mechanism to encourage capital investment to develop infrastructure system, especially in rural areas - To increase investment budgets for promoting, propagandising, advertising and scientific research and developing human resource; prioritizing investment in research and application of information technology in the management and exploitation of humanity tourism resources and study activities to preserve the value of resources * Taxation: To prioritize tax exemption and supportance in order to change tourism investment structure to humanity tourism resources which have not been exploited; to exempt tax and support loans for souvernir production and traditional craft villages * Entry and exit form: To reform administration procefures of 23 entry and exit, customs,… toward quickness and comfort; to carry entry and exit without visa to create favourable conditions for these operations in Chan May port and East West economic corridor * Tourism socialization: To encourage performing socialization of investment, preservation and relic restoration; to preserve and rebuild festivals, folk cultural activities and traditional craft villages to offer tourism growth 3.3.2 Solutions for investment capital - To mobilize capitals from state budget toward shyncronony, focusing on tourism sites, areas related to humanity torusim resources - To attract supplement capitals from international organizations, especialy capitals supporting relics restoration operation, projects supporting community tourism development, rural and remote areas - To complete mechanism of investment management to create comfortable invironment for tourism development investment; to have supporting policies for interprises to invest to tourism development - To build public information of tourism development for the regions 3.3.3 Solutions for promotion and adverstisement - To establish and improve TTH tourism trademark associated with features of cultural tourism potentiality and stable safety environment - To strengthen applying information technology to media types such as tourism website, tourism electronic newspaper, tourism electronic commerce,… - To strengthen international cooperation in operation of Hue heritage promotion, adverstisement and restoration - To carry out information and proganda programs in over contry; to organize program to promote and develop market with special subject in key markets - To organize and participate in foreign and dosmetic fairs, workshop and exhibitions 3.3.4 Solutions to preserve and promote value of resources 24 * Preservation: - To cary out project of training and supporting community development - To strengthen inventory cultural heritages of the province - To consolidate administration and improve linking function agencies together in resource preservation and exploitation - To manage tourism operation in vitsit destinations, regularly inspect, oversee and prevent activities violating resources To organize training systematically with administrator,tourguideand interpreter team in resource location - To improve and support socialization, encourage participation of local community in resource preservation and promotion * Promotion of humanity tourism resource value - Relics - Cultural monuments + Resources oriented to be national tourist sites: To invest and improve technical material facilities (garage, toilets, accomodations for tourists,…) toward modern, convenient; to improve serving quality of staffs and diversify service types in visit places + Resources oriented to be local tourist sites: To spead promotion and adverstisment; to mobilize investment capital for infrastructure, to develop tourist source and stable income for garden owners + For potential tourism sites, to invest capital to restore monuments, build infrastructure and technical material facilities first; then to focus on promotion, adverstisement and construction of new tourism programs - Traditional craft villages + Capital: To carry out policies to support loan, promoting commerce andtraning craft for people… + Market: Find output for traditional craft village products by solutions as follows: To orient craft village production operation appropriate with market demands, to participate in fairs and 25 exhibitions, to remain traditional craft villages in Hue and to expand tours visiting craft villages + To build trademark of traditional craft villages + To establish concentrative craft village model in Hue city or in regions + To diverstify product styles; to encourage opening exhibition place and selling traditional handicraft products in region - Festivals: To mobilize capital from local budget, socializational capital to research, restore and organize special traditional festivals; to invest selectively big scale and featured festivals; to speed up promotion and advertisement 3.3.5 Solutions to protect environment and develop sustainably - To exploit appropriately and avoid to cause pollution in tourism sites,… by specific regulations, mechanism - To inventory, supervise and forbid activities that damage relics regularly and to create around landscape - To establish specific regulations in order to attach rights and obligations of the people to tourism operation - To coach profession for household, tourism worker; to progate and mobilize awareness of preserving cultural identity to the people 3.3.6 Solutions to apply technology and science - Technical and scientific application in management and operation of tourism - To invest material facilities and information technology application equipments in promotion and advertisement - To build manpower, focus on interbranch cooperation and expand international relationship 3.3.7 Solutions to connect and cooperate in human tourism resource exploitation - To strengthen connection in human tourism resource exploitation between regions and other tourism regions through general tourism programs 26 - To strengthen, create convenient conditions to travel for tourists in West East economic corridor or growth of international tourism routes learning about ancient cities of neighbor countries CONCLUSION History has left many special cultural values for Thua Thien Hue which featured for spirit and wisdom of Vietnamese race The Complex of Hue Monuments and Nha Nhac Hue court were ranked as world cultural heritages by UNESCO In additions, Thua Thien - Hue has a copious intangible culture with many types of arts, festivals, food, customs and habbits which have rich, diverse and unique; many revolutionary historical relics associated with the process of struggle to defend the fatherland, the life of Ho Chi Minh and other scenic Humanity tourism resources in TTH are potential for tourism development with 24 resource sites in a very high level of exploitation capacity and 34 resource sites in a high level of exploitation capacity Most of resources which have an important value for tourism growth of the province concentrate in Hue city (with more than 60% of resource sites have assessment result of exploitation capacity in a very high level) Along with that, other advantages benefit for development of Hue tourist city in particular and in general tourism in Thua Thien - Hue to become a rourism center of regional and international scale The rich, diverse and specifically valuable humanity tourism resources have contributed to development and improvement role and position of tourism in TTH Tourism is determined as the key economic sector of the province in the future Especially, the exploitation of humanity tourism has achieved positive consequences in arrivals, receipt and investment, restoration and embellishment of relics, in more past ten years Besides some achivements, these exploitation still have some limitations, especially tourism products are simple and small in scale, the humble of the number of humanity tourism resources exploited in comparison with their potentiality, focusing on exploiting the Complex of Hue Monuments too much and the low 27 promotion of other resources value,… That threaten to preservation and cause waste of resources These consequences are the causes/reasons for why the effectivity of humanity tourism resource exploitation is not high in socio-economic and environmental aspects Tourism activities in TTH need to be improved the quality of sevices and diverstified cultural tourism products basing on exploitation oriented toward cultural tourism sites and routes in order to promote effectively resource values and contribution to tourism growth in TTH We must promote tourism growth in TTH and bring into play its achievements in the future, concurrently, overcome limitations in humanity tourism resource exploitation, associate resource exploitation with tourism growth plans, preservation and people community and orient toward sustainable development It is also necessary to carry out synchronous solutions including applying mechanisms and policies associated with humanity tourism resource exploitation, mobilizing investment capital, speeding up promotion, advertisement, preservation and value promotion of resources, protecting environment and developing sustainably, applying technical science in administration, resource exploitation, connection and cooperation in exploitation operation  ... tourist product With the goal of diversitifying tourism products and offered capacity of humanity tourism resources, the thesis orient to tourism product belove: Table 3.4 Orienting tourism product... 36Phuoc Tich Ancient village 37Souvenir area of Nguyen Chi Thanh 38Duong No souvenir house 39Duong No temple 40My Khanh tower 41Thanh Duyen temple 42Phuoc Tich ceramic village 43Quan The Am festival... destination - Tourist product means a combination of necessary services provided in order to meet the needs of tourists during a trip - Tourism types is a set of tourist products having the same