B GIO DC V O TO TRNG I HC NễNG NGHIP NGễ HNG CHN NH GI KH NNG SN XUT CA Dấ LAI F1 V F2 GIA SAANEN VI BCH THO NUễI TI TRUNG TM NGHIấN CU Dấ V TH SN TY LUN VN THC S NễNG NGHIP Chuyờn ngnh: CHN NUễI Mó s: 60.62.40 Ngi hng dn khoa hc: TS PHAN XUN HO H NI - 2007 LI CAM OAN Tụi xin cam ủoan ủõy l cụng trỡnh nghiờn cu ca riờng tụi Cỏc s liu v kt qu nghiờn cu lun ny l trung thc v cha tng ủc cụng b bt k cụng trỡnh no khỏc Tụi xin cam ủoan mi s giỳp ủ cho vic thc hin lun ủó ủc cỏm n v cỏc thụng tin trớch dn lun ủó ủc ch rừ ngun gc Tỏc gi lun Ngụ Hng Chớn Trng i hc Nụng nghip H Ni - Lun Thc s khoa hc nụng nghip i LI CM N Nhõn dp hon thnh bn lun vn, tụi xin chõn thnh cm n Trng i hc Nụng nghip I, Khoa Sau ủi hc, Khoa Chn nuụi - Thu sn ni tụi ủc ủo to, Trung tõm Nghiờn cu Dờ v Th Sn Tõy ni tụi ủang cụng tỏc, cựng cỏc thy, cụ giỏo ủó to mi ủiu kin thun li, giỳp ủ tụi hon thnh nhim v ca mỡnh Hon thnh lun ny tụi luụn nhn ủc s giỳp ủ tn tỡnh ca cỏc thy cụ B mụn Di truyn - Ging, Khoa Chn nuụi -Nuụi trng thy sn c bit l thy hng dn khoa hc TS Phan Xuõn Ho ủó tn tỡnh giỳp ủ tụi sut quỏ trỡnh xõy dng, nghiờn cu v hon thnh lun Tụi xin chõn thnh cm n PGS.TS inh Vn Bỡnh - Giỏm ủc Trung tõm Nghiờn cu Dờ v Th Sn Tõy ủó giỳp ủ, to ủiu kin cho tụi quỏ trỡnh thc hin ủ ti Xin chõn thnh cm n CBCNV Tri nhõn ging Trung tõm Nghiờn cu Dờ v Th Sn Tõy ủó giỳp ủ tụi hon thnh ủ ti ny Xin chõn thnh cm n cỏc bn bố, ủng nghip v gia ủỡnh ủó giỳp ủ, ủng viờn tụi sut thi gian qua Tỏc gi Ngụ Hng Chớn Trng i hc Nụng nghip H Ni - Lun Thc s khoa hc nụng nghip ii Mục lục Lời cam đoan i Lời cảm ơn ii Mục lục iii Danh mục bảng v Danh mục biểu đồ, đồ thị vi M U i 1.1 Tớnh cp thit ca ủ ti 1.2 Mc ủớch ca ủ ti 1.3 í ngha khoa hc v thc tin ca lun TNG QUAN TèNH HèNH NGHIấN CU TRONG V NGOI NC 2.1 C s khoa hc ca ủ ti 2.2 Mt s ủc ủim ca dờ Bỏch Tho v dờ Saanen 18 2.3 Tỡnh hỡnh lai to trờn Th gii v Vit Nam 26 VT LIU, NI DUNG V PHNG PHP NGHIấN CU 36 3.1 Vt liu nghiờn cu 36 3.2 Ni dung nghiờn cu 36 3.3 Phng phỏp nghiờn cu 38 KT QU V THO LUN 41 4.1 Kh nng sinh trng ca ủn dờ lai F1 v F2 41 4.1.1 Thay ủi lng dờ lai qua cỏc giai ủon tui 41 4.1.2 Cng ủ sinh trng tuyt ủi ca dờ lai F1, F2 45 4.1.3 Thay ủi kớch thc mt s chiu ủo c th dờ lai 47 4.2 Kh nng sinh sn ca dờ cỏi lai F1 v F2 50 4.2.1 c ủim phỏt dc ca dờ cỏi lai F1 v F2 50 Trng i hc Nụng nghip H Ni - Lun Thc s khoa hc nụng nghip iii 4.2.2 c ủim sinh sn ca dờ cỏi lai F1, F2 52 4.3 55 Kh nng sn xut sa ca dờ cỏi lai F1, F2 4.3.1 Kh nng sn xut sa ca dờ cỏi lai F1, F2 qua cỏc thỏng cho sa 55 4.3.2 Kh nng sn xut sa ca dờ cỏi lai F1,F2 qua cỏc la ủ 61 4.3.3 Mt s thnh phn dinh dng sa dờ 64 4.4 Hiu qu chuyn húa thc n cho kg sn phm sn xut 66 KT LUN V NGH 68 TI LIU THAM KHO 70 Trng i hc Nụng nghip H Ni - Lun Thc s khoa hc nụng nghip iv DANH MC CC CH VIT TT Ch vit tt Ch vit ủy ủ Ba Ging dờ Barbari Bt Ging dờ Bỏch Tho Co Ging dờ C CV Cao võy VN Vũng ngc DTC Di thõn chộo CKS Chu k tit sa Sa Ging dờ Saanen SLS Sn lng sa NSS Nng sut sa Ju Ging dờ Jumnapari TDL Tui ủng dc ln ủu TL Tui ủ la ủu TGMT Thi gian mang thai KCL Khong cỏch la ủ KLDL Khi lng ủng dc ln ủu KLL Khi lng ủ la ủu Trng i hc Nụng nghip H Ni - Lun Thc s khoa hc nụng nghip v Danh mục bảNG STT 2.1 Tên bảng Mc ủ biu hin ca u th lai chn cỏ th lm m l cỏ th lai 2.2 Mc ủ biu hin u th lai trc tip v ca m lai mt s t hp 2.3 Trang Giỏ tr u th lai ca ủi v m lai ca cỏc h thng lai khỏc 14 2.4 Kh nng tit sa ca mt s ging dờ phng Vit Nam 21 2.5 Kh nng sinh sn ca dờ cỏi mt s ging nhp ni 23 2.6 Kh nng tit sa ca mt s ging dờ nhp ni 25 4.1 Thay ủi lng dờ lai qua cỏc giai ủon tui (kg/con) 42 4.3 Thay ủi kớch thc mt s chiu ủo c th dờ lai (cm) 48 4.4 c ủim phỏt dc ca dờ cỏi lai F1 (Saanen x Bỏch Tho) v F2 (Saanen x Saanen-Bỏch Tho) 4.5 c ủim sinh sn ca dờ cỏi lai F1(Saanen x Bỏch Tho) v F2 (Saanen x Saanen-Bỏch Tho) 4.6 4.9 56 Kh nng sn xut sa ca dờ cỏi lai F1(Saanen x Bỏch Tho) qua la ủ (1-4) 4.8 53 Kh nng sn xut sa ca dờ cỏi lai F1(Saanen x Bỏch Tho), F2 (Saanen x Saanen-Bỏch Tho) qua cỏc thỏng tit sa 4.7 51 61 Kh nng sn xut sa ca dờ cỏi lai F2 (Saanen x SaanenBỏch Tho) qua la ủ (1-2) 62 T l cỏc thnh phn sa (%) 64 4.10 Hiu qu chuyn húa thc n /1 kg sn phm Trng i hc Nụng nghip H Ni - Lun Thc s khoa hc nụng nghip 67 vi Danh mục biểu đồ STT Tên biểu đồ Trang Sn lng sa /chu k qua cỏc la ủ 63 Nng sut sa trung bỡnh qua cỏc la ủ 63 Danh mục đồ thị STT Tên đồ thị Trang 1: Sinh trng tớch ly ca dờ ủc F1(Saanen x Bỏch Tho), F2(Saanen x Saanen-Bỏch Tho) 43 2: Sinh trng tớch ly ca dờ cỏi F1(Saanen x Bỏch Tho), F2(Saanen x Saanen-Bỏch Tho) 43 3: Sinh trng tuyt ủi ca dờ ủc F1(Saanen x Bỏch Tho), F2(Saanen x Saanen-Bỏch Tho) 46 4: Sinh trng tuyt ủi ca dờ cỏi F1(Saanen x Bỏch Tho), F2(Saanen x Saanen-Bỏch Tho) 46 5: Nng sut sa ca dờ qua cỏc thỏng cho sa 57 Trng i hc Nụng nghip H Ni - Lun Thc s khoa hc nụng nghip vii M U 1.1 Tớnh cp thit ca ủ ti Chn nuụi dờ cn ớt vn, quay vũng nhanh, tn dng ủc lao ủng v ủiu kin t nhiờn ca mi vựng sinh thỏi Phỏt trin chn nuụi dờ l ủnh hng phự hp lý nht cho phỏt trin chn nuụi ca nụng dõn nghốo Khuyn khớch chn nuụi gia sỳc nh nhai li hn cỏc chng trỡnh phỏt trin ủi gia sỳc khỏc l cuc cỏch mng thớch hp ủ gii quyt cỏc ủ ủúi nghốo nụng thụn Theo bỏo cỏo ca Cc Chn nuụi, dự xut hin dch ủu dờ thi gian di nhng tng ủn dờ ủn nm 2006 ủt 1.457.637 con, ủt tc ủ tng trng 16,06%; ch yu trung vựng ụng Bc, ụng Nam B v Bc Trung B Cỏc tnh cú s lng dờ nhiu nht l H Giang (141.730 con), Ninh Thun (116.750 con), Ngh An (96.290 con), Sn La (92.122 con), Thanh Hoỏ (65.750 con), Tuy nhiờn v c cu ging cũn rt chờnh lch dờ sa chim 0,16%, dờ lai chim 35,8%, dờ c l ch yu 49,2% Sn lng tht tng liờn tc t 9,19 nghỡn tn nm 2005 lờn 10,64 nghỡn tn nm 2006 v c tớnh nm 2007 ủt 12,37 nghỡn tn t tc ủ tng trng tng ng 12-16-21% nm (Ngun Cc Chn nuụi, 2006) Nhng nm gn ủõy, ngnh chn nuụi dờ nc ta ủó tng c v mt s lng v cht lng Tht v sa dờ ủc xem l loi thc n cú giỏ tr dinh dng cao, hm lng cholesterol thp rt tt cho sc kho ngi, đợc nhiều ngời a chuộng Sữa dê có giá trị dinh dỡng cao hẳn sữa bò, đặc biệt thích hợp với ngời già trẻ em (Lê Thanh Hải cộng sự, 1994 [11]) Tp quỏn s dng sn phm t chn nuụi dờ (tht, sa) ủó ủc hỡnh thnh õy l ủng lc mi thỳc ủy mnh tin trỡnh ci to ủn, tng quy mụ ủn, s lng ủn v cht lng ging tt v cụng ngh ch bin sn phm Hin phỏt trin chn nuụi dờ hng sa ủang ủc quan tõm nhiu, Trng i hc Nụng nghip H Ni - Lun Thc s khoa hc nụng nghip nhng ủ v ging hng sa ủang cũn l mt ủ ủt cho cỏc nh khoa hc cn nghiờn cu chn to, ủnh hng v phỏt trin phự hp vi ủiu kin ca Vit Nam Dờ lai Saanen cú tim nng cho sa cao ủó phỏt huy ủc u th lai ca ging dờ Saanen l ging dờ sa cao sn trờn th gii Tip ni giai ủon kho nghim 15 cụng thc lai gia dờ ủc Saanen, ủc Alpine vi cỏc ging dờ kiờm dng hin cú ti Vit Nam to cỏc lai cú nng sut sa cao hn hn m chỳng t 39,8-59,7% (inh Vn Bỡnh v cng s, 2001, [4]) Trong s cỏc cp lai thỡ lai gia dờ ủc Saanen vi dờ cỏi Bỏch Tho cú tim nng v trin vng cho sa tt hn phự hp vi ủiu kin chn nuụi vựng trung du, nỳi nc ta phỏt huy tim nng cho sa v u ủim ny, nm 2002 chng trỡnh ging dờ quc gia ủó nhp ni ủc v 35 cỏi Saanen t M Song song vi vic nhõn thun, chỳng tụi tin hnh lai to gia dờ ủc Saanen vi cỏi Bỏch Tho, ủ to ủc ủn dờ lai hng sa, nõng cao sn lng sa, c ủnh cp lai v chn lc qua nhiu th h, n ủnh phỏt trin thnh ging dờ sa phự hp vi ủiu kin chn nuụi Vit Nam Xut phỏt t nhu cu ủú chỳng tụi tin hnh ủ ti ỏnh giỏ kh nng sn xut ca dờ lai F1 v F2 gia Saanen vi Bỏch Tho nuụi ti Trung tõm Nghiờn cu dờ v th Sn Tõy 1.2 Mc ủớch ca ủ ti - ỏnh giỏ mt s ch tiờu sn xut ca dờ lai F1 (Saanen x Bỏch Tho) v F2 (Saanen x Saanen-Bỏch Tho) Mc tiờu c th ca ủ ti 1- ỏnh giỏ kh nng sinh trng ca dờ lai F1 (Saanen x Bỏch Tho), F2 (Saanen x Saanen-Bỏch Tho) Trng i hc Nụng nghip H Ni - Lun Thc s khoa hc nụng nghip ngh Tip tc nghiờn cu vi s lng ln hn, nuụi theo dừi cỏc vựng khỏc nhau, trờn c s to ủn dờ lai cho sn xut, ủ chn lc qua nhiu th h, n ủnh ủ phỏt trin thnh ging dờ sa ca Vit Nam Trng i hc Nụng nghip H Ni - Lun Thc s khoa hc nụng nghip 69 TI LIU THAM KHO Ti liu ting Vit inh Vn Bỡnh (1994), Nghiờn cu mt s ủc ủim sinh hc v kh nng sn xut ca ging dờ Bỏch Tho nuụi ti Bc Vit Nam, Lun ỏn PTS khoa hc nụng nghip, Vin Khoa hc K thut Nụng nghip Vit Nam, H Ni inh Vn Bỡnh v cng s (1998), Kt qu nghiờn cu thớch nghi ba ging dờ n Barbari, Jumnapari, Beetal qua nm nuụi ti Vit Nam (1994-1998), Trung tõm Nghiờn cu Dờ v Th Sn Tõy, tr 8-40 inh Vn Bỡnh, Nguyn Quang Sc (2000), K thut chn nuụi dờ, NXB Nụng nghip H Ni inh Vn Bỡnh, Phm Trng Bo, Ngụ Hng Chớn, Nguyn Kim Lin, Th Thanh Võn, Nguyn Duy Lý (2001), ỏnh giỏ kh nng sn xut ca lai F1 gia dờ ủc Saanen vi dờ cỏi Barbari, Jumnapari, Bỏch tho nuụi ti Trung tõm Nghiờn cu Dờ v Th Sn Tõy, Túm tt bỏo cỏo khoa hc nm 2001- Vin chn nuụi, B Nụng nghip v PTNT, H Ni thỏng 6/2001, tr 41-44 inh Vn Bỡnh, Nguyn Kim Lin v cng s (2003), Tiờu chun phõn cp cht lng dờ ủc, cỏi ging Bỏch Tho, TCN-VCN, 2003 inh Vn Bỡnh, Nguyn Duy Lý (2003), K thut chn nuụi dờ lai sa tht gia ủỡnh, Nh xut bn Nụng nghip, H Ni inh Vn Bỡnh, Nguyn Kim Lin, Phm Trng Bo, Ngụ Hng Chớn, V Trung Hiu, Ngụ Quang Hng (2005), ỏnh giỏ kh nng sn xut ca ging dờ sa Saanen v Alpine nhp t M sau nm nuụi ti Trung tõm Nghiờn cu Dờ v Th Sn Tõy, Bỏo cỏo khoa hc nm 2004, Vin Chn nuụi, T Liờm, H Ni, tr 107-115 Trng i hc Nụng nghip H Ni - Lun Thc s khoa hc nụng nghip 70 V Chớ Cng, Nguyn Xuõn Trch (2005), Nõng cao cỏc k nng v di truyn, sinh sn v lai to ging bũ tht nhit ủi, Nh xut bn Nụng Nghip, H Ni, tr 93-101 Ngụ Hng Chớn, inh Vn Bỡnh, Nguyn Kim Lin, Phm Trng Bo, Phm Trng i (2005), Kt qu sn xut ca ging dờ Barbari, Jumnapari v Beetal nhp v t n (th h th 5) nuụi ti Trung tõm Nghiờn cu Dờ v Th Sn Tõy, Bỏo cỏo khoa hc nm 2005b, Vin Chn nuụi, T Liờm, H Ni, tr 25-27 10 Hong Kim Giao (1993), Mt s ủc ủim sinh lý sinh sn ca dờ cỏi v cỏc bin phỏp nõng cao kh nng sinh sn ca chỳng, Hi tho chn nuụi dờ, bũ sa - tht, vin Chn nuụi, H Ni 11 Lờ Thanh Hi, Nguyn Ngc Hựng, Trn Vn Tnh v Nguyn Th Mai (1994), K thut nuụi dờ sa, NXB Nụng Nghip 12 u Vn Hi, Cao Xuõn Thỡn (2000), Kho sỏt kh nng sn xut ca hai nhúm dờ lai gia ging Saanen v Alpine vi Jamnapari ti Trung tõm nghiờn cu thc nghim chn nuụi Sụng Bộ, Bỏo cỏo khoa hc chn nuụi thỳ y 1999-2000, phn chn nuụi gia sỳc, thnh ph H Chớ Minh 10-12/4/2001, tr 236-251 13 Chu ỡnh Khu (1996), Nghiờn cu s dng dờ ủc Bỏch Tho lai ci to ủn dờ C phng, Lun ỏn Thc s Nụng nghip, Vin Khoa hc K thut Nụng nghip Vit Nam, Vn in, H Ni, tr 41-75 14 Lasley, J F (1974), Di truyn hc v ng dng vo ci to ging gia sỳc, (Dch gi Nguyn Phỳc Hi), NXB Khoa hc K thut 15 Nguyn Kim Lin (1999), ỏnh giỏ mt s tớnh nng sn xut ca dờ Barbari nuụi ti vựng ủi gũ Ba Vỡ v Sn Tõy -H Tõy, Lun ỏn Thc s Khoa hc Nụng nghip, Trng i hc Nụng nghip I-H Ni, tr.62-69 Trng i hc Nụng nghip H Ni - Lun Thc s khoa hc nụng nghip 71 16 Nguyn Kim Lin (2006), Mt s ủc ủim di truyn, giỏ tr di truyn cng gp v u th lai thnh phn v kh nng sn xut sa ca ging dờ: Bỏch Tho, Barbari, Jumnapari, Saanen v mt s t hp lai ca chỳng, Lun ỏn Tin s Nụng nghip, Vin Chn nuụi quc gia, H Ni 17 Nguyn Kim Lin, inh Vn Bỡnh v Nguyn Vn c (2004), Nghiờn cu xỏc ủnh h s di truyn sn lng sa dờ Bỏch Tho nuụi ti Bc Vit Nam, Tp Khoa hc k thut ca Hi Chn Nuụi; s 11 [69] -2004; ISN 0868-3417, tr 21-23 18 Nguyn Kim Lin, inh Vn Bỡnh, Phm Trng Bo, Ngụ Hng Chớn v cng s (2004), Nghiờn cu xỏc ủnh h s di truyn v sn lng sa v ỏp dng chn lc nõng cao sn lng sa cỏc ging dờ Bỏch Tho, Jumnapari v Barbari nuụi ti H Tõy, Bỏo cỏo khoa hc chn nuụi thỳ y, phn chn nuụi gia sỳc, Nh xut bn Nụng Nghip, H Ni, 8-9/12/2004, tr 331-344 19 Nguyn Kim Lin, inh Vn Bỡnh, Phm Trng Bo, Ngụ Hng Chớn, Phm Trng i, V Th Thu Hng (2005), Nghiờn cu ủỏnh giỏ kh nng sn xut ca cỏc t hp lai gia dờ ủc Saanen vi dờ cỏi Barbari, Jumnapari, Bỏch tho v F1(Bỏch tho x C) ti Bc Vit Nam, Thụng tin khoa hc k thut chn nuụi, Vin Chn Nuụi T Liờm, H Ni S nm 2005, tr 51-55 20 Nguyn Kim Lin, inh Vn Bỡnh, Chu ỡnh Khu, Phm Trng Bo, Ngụ Hng Chớn, Th Thanh Võn (2005), ỏnh giỏ kh nng sn xut ca dờ sa Beetal sau nm (3 th h) nuụi ti Vit Nam, Chuyờn san nhng kt qu nghiờn cu v phỏt trin chn nuụi Dờ, Cu v th - Thụng tin khoa hc k thut chn nuụi s 1-2005, tr 17-33 Trng i hc Nụng nghip H Ni - Lun Thc s khoa hc nụng nghip 72 21 Nguyn Kim Lin, inh Vn Bỡnh, Phm Trng Bo, Ngụ Hng Chớn, Phm Trng i, V Th Thu Hng (2005), Kh nng sinh sn v sn xut sa ca cỏc t hp lai gia dờ ủc Saanen vi dờ cỏi Barbari, Jumnapari, Bỏch tho v F1(Bỏch tho x C) ti Bc Vit Nam, Tp Khoa hc - Cụng ngh ca B Nụng Nghip v Phỏt trin Nụng thụn s 18/2005 ISN 0866 7020, tr 40-42 22 Nguyn Th Mai (2000), Nghiờn cu chn lc, nhõn thun dờ Bỏch Tho v lai vi cỏc ging dờ ngoi nhp, Lun ỏn Tin s Nụng Nghiờp, Vin Nghiờn cu Khoa hc Nụng Nghip Nam 23 Trn ỡnh Miờn, Nguyn Vn Thin (1995), Chn ging v nhõn ging gia sỳc, NXB Nụng nghip, H Ni, tr 73- 80 24 Nguyn ỡnh Minh (2002), Nghiờn cu lai dờ Bỏch tho vi dờ C v kh nng sn xut ca dờ lai F1 (Bt x C) ti tnh Thỏi Nguyờn v mt s tnh ph cn, Lun ỏn Tin s khoa hc Nụng Nghip, Vin Chn nuụi quc gia, H ni 25 Phan C Nhõn, Trn ỡnh Miờn, Nguyn Vn Thin, Trnh ỡnh t (1994), Di truyn chn ging ủng vt, Giỏo trỡnh cao hc nụng nghip, NXB Nụng nghip, tr 109-113 26 Nguyn Vn Thin (1995), Di truyn hc s lng ng dng chn nuụi NXB Nụng nghip, H Ni, tr 28-64 27 Nguyn Vn Thin, Hong Kim Giao (1996), Nõng cao nng sut sinh sn ca gia sỳc cỏi, NXB Nụng nghip, H Ni 28 Lờ Vn Thụng (2005), Nghiờn cu mt s ủc ủim ca ging dờ C v kt qu lai to vi dờ Bỏch Tho ti vựng Thanh Ninh, Lun ỏn Tin s khoa hc Nụng Nghip, Vin Khoa hc K thut Nụng Nghip Vit Nam, Vn in, H Ni, tr 95; 100; 111-113; 117-121 Trng i hc Nụng nghip H Ni - Lun Thc s khoa hc nụng nghip 73 Ti liu ting Anh 29 Acharya, RM (1982), Sheep and Goats breeds of India, Fao Production and Health Paper (30), pp 190-191 30 Agrawal, K, P, Bhattacharyya, N, K (1982), Nonsurgical transplantation of embryos in goat, Proceedings 3rd International Congress on Goat Production and disease, Dairy Goat Journal Publishing Company 31 Anous, M, R, Mourad, M, (1998), Small Ruminant Research (27), pp 197-202 32 Banda, J, W, Steinbach, J, Zerpas, H, P (1992), Milk yield, milk composition and kid growth in Boer and East African goat in Malawi, Recen Advaces in goat production 5th International Conference on goats, New Delhi, pp.37-38 33 Barry, D, M, Godke, R, A, (1991), Historical development of the Boer goat and potential for crossbreeding, Proceeding of National Synposium on goat Meat Productin & Maketing Langston, USA, pp 337-338 34 Baruah, C, K, Sakia, B, N, Chakravorty, P, Choudhury Saikia, A, (2000), Yield and compositon of milk in Assam local and Bectal x Assam local crossed goats, Proceeding of 7th International Conference on Goats 15-18 May Tours, France 35 Bereskin, B and Steel, N C (1986), Performance of Duroc and Yorkshire Boar and gilts and reciprocal breed crosses, J Anim Sci., 62 (4), pp 918-926 36 British Goat Society (1972), Brief report on goat breeding in Israel Monthly Journal, Bristish Goat Society, pp 65, 57-58 (ABA 40, 4745) Trng i hc Nụng nghip H Ni - 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In: Animal Research and Development Vol 46, pp.55-62 84 Ritar, A, J, Slamon, S, (1983), Fertility of fresh an frozen-thawed sement of Angora goats, Australian Journal of Biological Sciences (35) 85 Ronald O Bates, (1993), Rotational crossbreeding systems for pork producers Departement of Animal Science, University of MissouriColumbia Agricultural publication G2310 86 Sahni K L and Chawla D S (1982), Crossbreeding of dairy goats for milk production In: Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Goat production and Disease, 10-15 January 1982, Tucson, Arizona, USA, pp.575-583 87 Sainju, A, P, Shrestha, H, R, Neopane, S, P, (1998), Goat improvement program, First National Workshop on animal genetic improvement of domestic animals in Nepal Agricultural Research of domestic animals in Nepal, Council, Nepal, 89-93 Nepal Agricultural Research Trng i hc Nụng nghip H Ni - Lun Thc s khoa hc nụng nghip 80 88 Saithanoo, S, Cheva-Isarakul, B, and Pichaironarongsongkram, K, (1991), Goats Production in Thailand, Goat production in the Asian Humid tropics, Proceeding of an International Seminar, 28-31 May 1991 Hat Yai Thailand, pp.30-39 89 Sands M., McDowell R E (1978), The potential of the goat for milk production in the tropics Cornell International Agrricultural Mimeograph No 60, (ABA 46, 4450), pp.53 90 Sengonca, M (1974), Keci Yetibtirme (Ders Kitaby) Ege Universitesi Zirzaat Fakultesi, Yayyn No: 222 Yzmir (in Turkish) 91 Shelton, M (1978) Reproduction and breeding of goats Journal of Dairy Science 61 994-1010 (ABA 47, 788) 92 Shull, G H (1952), Beginning of the heterosis concept lowa state college press 93 Singh, N S and Sengar, O P S (1985), Studies on the combinating ability of disable characters of important goat breeds Final Technical Report, (PL-480 research project on goats, Department of Animal Husbandry and Dairying, R.B.S College, AGRA-282002; U.P College VARANASI 221002) 94 Singh, S K; Rout, P K.; Rana, R and Saxena, S C (1997-98), GGB-1.10: Genetic improvement of Barbari goats for meat and milk Anual report.1997-1998, Central Institute for Research on Goats Makhdoom, P.O.Farah-281122 DISTT Mathura (UP) India, pp.15-18 95 Singirreddy, S R.; LopezVillatoBos, N and Garrick, D J (1997), Across-breed genetic evaluation of New-Zealand dairy goats Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal production 1997, Department of Animal Science, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North, pp.57; 43-45 96 Skrypzec; Schoeman, H.; Jordan, S J.; Neser,G F.; F.W.W 193-203 (2000), Estimate of crossbreeding parameters in a multibreed beef cattle crossbreeding project, Vol, South African Journal of Animal Science: Volume 30, Issue 3,2 97 Sonmez-Gokcen, N., 1973, Goojologie du bassin d'Ergene et des chaợnes Trng i hc Nụng nghip H Ni - Lun Thc s khoa hc nụng nghip 81 de la bordure de la Mer de Marmara.Maden Tetkik Arama Enstit Yayinl 148: 1-17 98 Sonmez, R.; Sengonca, M., Alpbaz, A G (1974), A study on production parameters of Kilis goats raised in the Ege University farm Publication, Faculty of Agriculture Ege University No 239 10 99 Stagagro, C G (1977), Comportamiento reproductivo canrino an zonas aridas de Venezuela (Reproductive performance of goats in arid districts of Venezuela), In Symposium soBre la caBra en los paises Mediterraneos, Lamaga-Murcia-Granada (Espana), 3-7 OctuBre 1977 Madrid, Spain; Comité Nacional Espanol de Zootecnia, pp.317-321 (ABA 46, 4438) 100 Sugangyi, Zhengming (1993), Pratical farmer farmily-Dairy goat in China, Recent advace in goat production, FAO, IGA, IDRC, 101 Duong Thanh Liem, Nguyen Van Hao and Ngo Van Man (2003), Goat production in Southeastern Viet Nam, Small Ruminants in the Humaid Tropics of Asia http://www.mekarn.org/procpsu/liem.hcm Trng i hc Nụng nghip H Ni - Lun Thc s khoa hc nụng nghip 82 [...]... u th lai ca con lai (TL trc tip); u th lai ca b lai v u th lai ca m lai u th lai ca m lai l u th lai cú ủc khi s dng m lai v mc ủ biu hin ca u th lai Bng 2.1 Mc ủ biu hin ca u th lai khi chn cỏ th lm m l cỏ th lai Vớ d u th lai F1 Sa*Bt hoc Sa *Ba 100 F2 (Sa*Bt)*(Sa*Bt)/ F1* F1 50 Lai 3 ging Sa*(Bt*Co) hoc Sa *(Ba*Bt) 100 Lai phn hi (SaBt)*(Sa/ Bt) 50 Nhiu tỏc gi cng ủó ủa ra mc ủ biu hin u th lai trc... th lai trc tip l 100% (Nguyn Kim Lin, 2006) [16] + u th lai ca b lai (Db) v m lai (Dm): u th lai ca b lai v m lai l thnh phn u th lai do cỏ th b lai v m lai ủúng gúp vo cho t hp lai ca chỳng sinh ra u th lai ca cỏ th b lai v m lai ch cú khi b v m l cỏc t hp lai, do ủú trng hp b hoc m l thun chng thỡ u th lai ca m lai hoc b lai ủúng gúp cho con lai l 0% Trong ngnh chn nuụi dờ nc ta hin nay, t hp lai. .. hp t Vớ d, t hp lai F1, t hp lai 3 mỏu to thnh t ln ủu Trong khi ủú, u th lai trc tip ca cỏc t hp lai F2, F3, lai tr li, t l ủúng gúp ca thnh phn u th lai trc tip l mt t l ng vi giỏ tr u th lai t hp lai ủú Vớ d, t hp lai F2, F3 hay lai tr li, u th lai trc tip s ủúng gúp l 50% u th lai trc tip ca t hp lai F1( Sa x Bt) l 100%, trong khi t hp lai tr li (Sa x SaBt) ch cú 50%, cũn t hp lai 3 mỏu (Sa x... th lai ca c b lai v m lai vỡ do cỏc ging dờ ngoi nhp cú nng sut cao, s lng cũn quỏ ớt nờn ngi ta thng dựng c ủc thun v ủc lai ủ lai ci to nhng ging cú nng sut thp u th lai ca b lai thng thy trong thc t khi s dng dờ ủc l BtCo; JuBt; BeBt hay BaBt ủem lai vi dờ m C thun thỡ nhng t hp dờ lai 2 v 3 ging ny cú u th lai ca b lai v khụng cú u th lai ca m Ngc li nu dựng b thun lai vi m lai thỡ ch cú u th lai. .. Ngc li nu dựng b thun lai vi m lai thỡ ch cú u th lai ca m lai m khụng cú u th lai ca b lai nh cỏc t hp lai Sa(BaBt); Sa(BtCo); Sa(JuBt) Ngoi ra, cú trng hp t hp lai 3 mỏu cú u th lai ca c b lai v m lai nh cỏc t hp lai (SaxBt)x(BtxCo); (SaxBa)x(BaxBt) Trong cỏc t hp lai 4 ging thỡ thng xy ra cú c u th lai ca m lai v u th lai ca b lai nh cỏc t hp lai Trng i hc Nụng nghip H Ni - Lun vn Thc s khoa hc nụng... giỏ kh nng sinh sn ca dờ cỏi lai F1 (Saanen x Bỏch Tho), F2 (Saanen x Saanen- Bỏch Tho) 3- ỏnh giỏ nng sut v cht lng sa ca dờ cỏi lai F1 (Saanen x Bỏch Tho), F2 (Saanen x Saanen- Bỏch Tho) 4- Xỏc ủnh tiờu tn thc n cho 1 kg sn phm 1.3 í ngha khoa hc v thc tin ca lun vn 1.3.1 í ngha khoa hc Kt qu nghiờn cu ủó gúp phn khng ủnh c s khoa hc ca vic lai to ging dờ v u th lai ca con lai, gúp phn giỳp vic chn nuụi... 8 m lai ủi vi tng cp lai khỏc nhau (bng 2.2) Bng 2.2 Mc ủ biu hin u th lai trc tip v ca m lai trong mt s t hp Bt * Bt Bt * Co Sa * (Bt- Co) BaSa * (Bt - Co) Ba * (Sa - Bt Co) Bt* (Bt - Co) Sa * (Bt - Bt Co) u th lai ca cỏ th lai 0 100 100 100 100 50 100 u th lai ca m lai 0 0 100 100 100 100 50 Hiu qu u th lai ca b lai v m lai ủc khai thỏc thụng qua vic s dng cỏc giai ủon lai lm b v m Lai gia 2... Song trong lai 4 ging cng cú th ch cú u th lai ca m lai nu m l cỏ th lai 3 ging v b l cỏ th thuc ging thun nh t hp lai (Sax(JuBtxCo) Trong chn nuụi dờ, ngi ta thng s dng c b lai v m lai nhm khai thỏc ti ủa u th lai, nht l vi tớnh trng sinh sn vỡ khú nõng cao bng con ủng chn lc (do h2 thp) + u th lai tng cng: T cỏc giỏ tr ca u th lai thnh phn, cú th xỏc ủnh ủc giỏ tr u th lai tng cng u th lai tng cng... nuụi v bộo, u th lai dao ủng t 6-10% trong trng hp lai gia hai ging v 9-13% khi lai gia 3 ging Trong lỳc ủú, ủi vi cỏc ch tiờu git tht lai 2 ging v lai 3 ging thỡ u th lai tng ng l 1-2% v 0-1% (Omtvedt, 1974, [78]) Erick v cng s (2000), [52] cho bit u th lai ti ủa t cỏc h thng lai nh sau (bng 2.3) Bng 2.3 Giỏ tr u th lai ca ủi con v m lai ca cỏc h thng lai khỏc nhau H thng lai % u th lai i con i m -... A B A B u th lai Khụng cú u th lai T l % u th lai ca cỏc t hp lai ủc xõy dng trờn s ủ sau (Duc N.V,1997 [48]) Ging thun A Gen t b A A A A A A Gen t m A A A A A A u th lai = 0% F1 (A x B) Gen t b A A A A A A Gen t m B B B B B B u th lai = 100% Lai 3 ging Gen t b C C C C C C C x (A x B) Gen t m A B A B A B u th lai = 100% Lai nghch Gen t b A A A A A A Gen t m A B A B A B u th lai = 50% F2( AxB)x(AxB) ... Tho), F2( Saanen x Saanen- Bỏch Tho) 43 3: Sinh trng tuyt ủi ca dờ ủc F1( Saanen x Bỏch Tho), F2( Saanen x Saanen- Bỏch Tho) 46 4: Sinh trng tuyt ủi ca dờ cỏi F1( Saanen x Bỏch Tho), F2( Saanen x Saanen- Bỏch... dờ cỏi lai F1( Saanen x Bỏch Tho) v F2 (Saanen x Saanen- Bỏch Tho) 4.6 4.9 56 Kh nng sn xut sa ca dờ cỏi lai F1( Saanen x Bỏch Tho) qua la ủ (1-4) 4.8 53 Kh nng sn xut sa ca dờ cỏi lai F1( Saanen. .. Tri nhõn ging Trung tõm Nghiờn cu Dờ v Th Sn Tõy bao gm: - Dờ lai F1 (Saanen x Bỏch Tho) 68 - Dờ lai F2 (Saanen x Saanen -Bỏch Tho) 60 Dờ lai F1( Saanen x Bỏch Tho) ủc to t dờ ủc Saanen vi dờ cỏi